Pesticide Residues Research Articles

Correspondence on "Pesticide Residues in Organic and Conventional Agricultural Soils across Europe: Measured and Predicted Concentrations".

Correspondence on "Pesticide Residues in Organic and Conventional Agricultural Soils across Europe: Measured and Predicted Concentrations".

The Impact of High Urban Temperatures on Pesticide Residues Accumulation in Vegetables Grown in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana

This study investigates the effect of high urban land temperatures on pesticide residue (PR) accumulation in cabbage and lettuce and on public health in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) in Ghana. A comparative toxicological analysis regarding the food system was conducted with 66 farmers across three land surface temperatures: low (Atomic, n = 22), moderate (Ashaiman, n = 22), and high (Korle-Bu, n = 22). Pesticide residue concentrations were assessed using an ANOVA to examine spatial variations across sites. The results indicate a strong correlation between high land surface temperatures and pesticide residue accumulation, with lettuce recording significantly (p < 0.05) higher PR levels than cabbage. Several pesticides, including carbendazim (CBZ), Imidacloprid (IMI), Thiamethoxam (TMX), and Chlorpyrifos (CHL), exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU) at moderate and high-temperature sites. carbendazim was the dominant pesticide detected, with a concentration of 19.0 mg/kg in lettuce, which far exceeded its maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.10 mg/kg across all study sites. Statistical analyses (PERMANOVA) confirmed that land surface temperatures and pesticide types significantly influenced the PR concentrations. Public health risk assessments indicate that children are more vulnerable to pesticide exposure than adults. The toxicity hazard quotient (THQ) for organophosphate pesticides, particularly CHL and Dimethoate (DMT), exceeded safe thresholds at moderate and high-temperature sites.

Rebuttal to Correspondence on "Pesticide Residues in Organic and Conventional Agricultural Soils across Europe: Measured and Predicted Concentrations".

Rebuttal to Correspondence on "Pesticide Residues in Organic and Conventional Agricultural Soils across Europe: Measured and Predicted Concentrations".

Pesticide Surveillance in Fruits and Vegetables from Romanian Supply: A Data-Driven Approach

The evolution of global agriculture encourages the extensive use of pesticides although significant concerns regarding their impact on human health and the environment must be considered. The present paper highlights the presence and concentrations of various pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables available on Romanian markets. A total of 74 pesticide compounds authorized for agricultural use were identified and quantified in 620 randomly selected samples spanning a wide range of horticultural products by employing the QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most often detected pesticides comprised boscalid and azoxystrobin, present in 42% and 37% of apple and strawberry samples, respectively, with mean concentrations of 0.12 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg. In cucumbers and tomatoes, difenoconazole and acetamiprid were predominant, detected in 35% and 40% of samples, with average residue amounts of 0.08 mg/kg and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. Statistical analysis, achieved with Python 3.13.2, the pandas library (alongside descriptive statistics), and ANOVA, revealed significant variations in residue levels based on the product type and geographic origin. Boscalid and azoxystrobin were commonly encountered in apples and strawberries while difenoconazole and acetamiprid predominated in cucumbers and tomatoes. Even though the majority of pesticide residues conformed to EU maximum residue limits (MRLs), about 6% of samples, generally from imported products, displayed some residue concentrations approaching critical thresholds, with the highest exceedance observed for chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin at concentrations of up to 0.25 mg/kg. This research provides a comprehensive overview of pesticide residues prevalence in Romania’s fresh product supply while, at the same time, supporting consumer awareness initiatives and evidencing the critical demand for continuous monitoring and strengthened regulatory frameworks for food safety.

Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in edible oil

Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are persistent in nature, highly toxic, and bio-accumulative. Their presence in different food items is a serious health concern for human being. Therefore, a total of ten edible oils were collected from the local market of Gazipur and Bogura districts of Bangladesh to assess the contamination of OCP residues. Modified AOAC version 2009.01 method was used to extract and clean up the sample. Detection and quantification of residue was done by gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detection system. On an average 26.87% of the oil samples were found contaminated with at least one OCP residues. A total of sixteen organochlorine pesticides were detected such as α-BHC, ß-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, α-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, p,p´-DDD, p,p´-DDE, o,p´-DDT, and p,p´-DDT. Residues of α-chlordane, ß-BHC, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were detected in ≥ 40% of the total samples of edible oils. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.02 ppm) or not detected at all in sesame, sunflower, rice bran, coconut, groundnut and palm oils. The majority of the OCPs contamination observed in oils of mustard, soybean, rice bran, olive and black cumin. The levels of heptachlor in soybean oil (0.021 mg.kg-1) was found slightly higher than the recommended MRL (0.02 mg.kg-1). Whereas the heptachlor epoxide in olive oil (0.10 mg.kg-1) was found much higher than the recommended limit. Both alpha and gamma chlordane were found equal to the recommended limit (0.020 mg.kg-1) in soybean oil. DDTs residues were observed in mustard, soybean, rice bran and black cumin oils but their individual occurrence was found below the MRL. But their cumulative DDTs (i.e ΣDDT = p,p´-DDD + p,p´-DDE + o,p´-DDT + p,p´-DDT) was found higher than the recommended limit in soybean oil (0.085 mg.kg-1) only. Coconut, groundnut and palm oil did not have any OCP residues. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) was measured for impact assessment of ΣBHC, Σheptachlor, Σchlordane, ΣDDTs and ΣOCPs and found that the daily intake level of these OCPs by the people was found below the TDI. Therefore, the tested edible oils are safe for human consumption. However, the study suggested for periodical monitoring to ensure safe consumption of edible oils. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 28(1): 127-143

Optimization and validation of a micro-QuEChERS method coupled with LC-MS for the analysis of pesticides in fish tissue.

Pesticides have been widely used worldwide; some persist in the environment for long periods. These compounds may reach non-target locations, such as rivers and streams, after their application and may contaminate organisms that live there. As a result, aquatic organisms are excellent indicators of environmental contamination and predictors of the fate of the compounds. In addition, carnivorous fish become part of contaminant biomagnification processes since they transfer high concentrations of pesticide residues to humans. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize and validate a method to determine 24 pesticides (8 fungicides, 6 insecticides, and 10 herbicides) in fish muscle with the use of a micro-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The optimized method showed good linearity (r2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 20%), and limits of quantification (LOQ) which ranged from 2 to 40µg∙kg-1 and accuracy that ranged between 70 and 120% in the cases of all compounds. Thus, the micro-QuEChERS method proposed for the determination of pesticides in fish muscle with the use of LC-MS proved to be effective and may be applied to routine monitoring and analysis work.

Pesticide and mycotoxin residues in Astragalus: Transfer patterns, processing factors and risk assessment during Astragalus processing.

Pesticide and mycotoxin residues in Astragalus: Transfer patterns, processing factors and risk assessment during Astragalus processing.

Pesticides residues in pet food: A market-based study on prevalence and toxicological implications.

Pesticides residues in pet food: A market-based study on prevalence and toxicological implications.

Multifunctional surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging for detection and visualization of pesticide residues in crops.

Multifunctional surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging for detection and visualization of pesticide residues in crops.

Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction (μQuEChERS) combined with HPLC-MS/MS as new analytical method for determination of 105 residues of pesticides in fruit by-products extracts.

Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction (μQuEChERS) combined with HPLC-MS/MS as new analytical method for determination of 105 residues of pesticides in fruit by-products extracts.

Removal of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin residues from citrus by using ozonated water

Citrus fruits—oranges, lemons, and grapefruits—are produced and consumed in huge proportions around the globe which contain 91% water and the reason why they are regarded as the most hydrating fruits. Citrus fruits are a vital part of the human diet by providing the essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to the body, but the process of citrus fruits production frequently utilizes the application of pesticides to deal with pests and diseases. Pesticide residues, including chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin, in the fruit can still have an effect on consumers’ health. In this study, the process of ozonation was used to remove pesticide residues from citrus fruits such as in oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. Ozonated water helped in the detection and removal of pesticides residues chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin from citrus fruits. The mean resid-ual level of chlorpyrifos was 0.015 ± 0.004 in oranges, 0.014 ± 0.004 in lemons, and 0.022 ± 0.001 in grapefruits; the bifenthrin level was 0.055 ± 0.004 in oranges, 0.055 ± 0.004 in lemons, and 0.054 ± 0.005 in grapefruits; the lambda-cyhalothrin level was 1.104 ± 0.174 in oranges, 1.056 ± 0.210 in lemons, and 1.208 ± 0.172 in grapefruits; and the carbofuran level was 0.625 ± 0.050 in oranges, 0.616 ± 0.046 in lemons, and 0.616 ± 0.050 in grapefruits. Furthermore, residual percentages of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin were detected in all citrus fruits, with the results showing that maximum levels of pesticide residues were efficiently removed from citrus fruits at 10 ppm (parts per million) ozonation without any poisoning and deterioration of fruits.

Dissipation dynamics of methomyl, phoxim, and pymetrozine during mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves harvest, tea processing and brewing.

Dissipation dynamics of methomyl, phoxim, and pymetrozine during mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves harvest, tea processing and brewing.

Pesticide residues in Egyptian vegetables: A comprehensive analysis of compliance, co-occurrence of multiple residues, and health risk assessment

Pesticide residues in Egyptian vegetables: A comprehensive analysis of compliance, co-occurrence of multiple residues, and health risk assessment

Removal of Carbofuran Residues from Cucumber Surfaces using Calcium Chloride Tablets derived from Chicken Eggshell

Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide commonly used to control insects on various field crops. The pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables are potentially toxic to humans. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is a potential chemical for rinsing pesticide residues from the surface of fruits and vegetables. Eggshell waste, rich in calcium carbonate, is a possible resource for calcium for the low-cost production of CaCl₂. This research aimed to extract calcium from chicken eggshells with a 10% (w/v) hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and investigate the removal efficiency of carbofuran residues from the surface of cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn.) using the indirect spectrophotometric detection of methylamine at an absorbance of 530 nm. The maximum yield of 80.28% (w/w) eggshell extract and 81.74% (w/w) anhydrous CaCl2 was obtained. The carbofuran concentration was 11.20 ± 1.49, 114.56 ± 24.56, and 169.68 ± 29.04 mg/L after being soaked in 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/v) of the eggshell extract solution for 10 minutes. No carbofuran residue was detected in the distilled water (control). CaCl2 tablets were formed by compression of dried CaCl2 extract. The increase in the compression forces from 0.5 to 1, 1.5, and 2 tons/cm2 decreased the thickness of the pellets from 7.01 ± 0.07 to 6.03 ± 0.12 mm, and increased the tablet hardness from 5.27 to 11.43 kg/cm2, the percentage of fracture (weight loss) from 2.18 ± 0.90 to 12.44 ± 2.45%, and the dissolution time from 4.76 to 6.72 min.

A smartphone-assisted 2D Cd-MOF-based mixed-matrix membrane exhibiting visual and on-site quantitative sensing of antibiotics and pesticides for food safety.

A smartphone-assisted 2D Cd-MOF-based mixed-matrix membrane exhibiting visual and on-site quantitative sensing of antibiotics and pesticides for food safety.

A colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode biosensor based on Aloe vera polysaccharide stabilized core-shell nanoflowers and red carbon dots for organophosphorus pesticide detection.

A colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode biosensor based on Aloe vera polysaccharide stabilized core-shell nanoflowers and red carbon dots for organophosphorus pesticide detection.

QuEChERS combined with emulsification-demulsification clean-up for simultaneous determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in eggs by UPLC-MS/MS

QuEChERS combined with emulsification-demulsification clean-up for simultaneous determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in eggs by UPLC-MS/MS

Enrichment-catalytic synergistically enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensors based on IRMOF-3/CdTe for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides.

Enrichment-catalytic synergistically enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensors based on IRMOF-3/CdTe for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides.

Application of L-leucine-based natural deep eutectic solvent and ferroferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles modified with silica and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe3O4@SiO2@ZIF-8) for extracting organophosphorus pesticides from cucumber.

Application of L-leucine-based natural deep eutectic solvent and ferroferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles modified with silica and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe3O4@SiO2@ZIF-8) for extracting organophosphorus pesticides from cucumber.

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in bananas: Insights from Egypt

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in bananas: Insights from Egypt