Plant Pests Research Articles

Test concentrations of Riau local rice field isolate entomophatogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae toward mortality brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stal.) in the laboratory

The brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is main pest of rice plants and cause hopperburn and viruses vector. The BPH control uses an entomopathogenic fungus is Riau local rice field isolate Metarhizium anisopliae. This isolate was obtained from rice plants in Kampar, Riau. The research was aimed to get the best concentration and the right concentration in killing the BPH. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Plant Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from June to April 2023. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was concentration of 0, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 g.l-1 aquades to obtain 24 experimental units. The parameters for observation were initial time of death, lethal time 50%, lethal concentrations of 50 and 95, daily mortality and total mortality. The results research shows concentration of 40 g.l-1 aquades (0.90 x 106 kon.ml-1) was the best concentration cause a total mortality of 72.50 ± 9.57%, the initial time of death 163.50 ± 6.45 hours after application and lethal time of 50 206.25 ± 9.77 hours after application. The right concentration in killing 50% and 95% of BPHs was 2.11% and 10.45%..

Automated Diagnosis of the Severity of TMB Infestation in Cashew Plants Using YOLOv5

The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the most important commercial crops grown globally. However, the Tea Mosquito Bug (TMB), the major pest of cashew plants may cause significant damage during the flushing, flowering, and fruiting period. Early detection of TMB insect pests in cashew plants is crucial for effective management and control of the infestation. In this research, a computer vision-based approach using the YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed to automatically detect and classify the severity of TMB infestation in cashew plants. The labeled image dataset of cashew plant images encompasses the images of healthy cashew plants and TMB-infested cashew plants of different levels of severity (mild, moderate, severe, and extreme). This dataset is used to train the model to detect and classify the lesions, using Python, OpenCV, and Torch. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach achieved high performance in detecting and classifying the infestations. The performance of the trained model is assessed using a range of metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-Score. Specifically, the precision is measured as 92.6%, the recall as 90.9%, and the F1-Score as 92.4% for all classes. This model can be used as a tool for early detection and diagnosis of TMB infestation in cashew plants, which will help in the effective management and control of pests. The study results highlight significant enhancements in both accuracy and efficiency compared to conventional severity-level classification methods.

Research of Plant Disease Diagnostic Methods Using Deep Learning

The article explores the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the diagnosis and identification of plant diseases and pests. Various methods of plant disease diagnosis, features of datasets, and challenges in this research direction are considered. The article discusses a five-step methodology for determining plant diseases, including data collection, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Different deep learning architectures enabling fast and efficient plant disease diagnosis are investigated. Innovative trends and issues in this field requiring further research and attention from the scientific community are highlighted.

Isolation, identification, and mechanism analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in tobacco.

Plant growth, crop yield, and pest and disease control are enhanced by PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), which are beneficial microorganisms found in a close symbiosis with plant roots. Phytohormones are secreted, nutrient uptake is improved, and soil properties along with the microbiological environment are regulated by these microorganisms, making them a significant focus in agricultural research. In this study, the efficient PGPR strain T1 was isolated and screened from tobacco inter-root soil, and identified and confirmed by ITS sequencing technology. Tobacco growth indicators and soil property changes were observed and recorded through potting experiments. The activities of key enzymes (e.g., sucrase, catalase, urease) in soil were further determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the soil microbial community, and combined with macro-genomics analysis, the effects of T1 strain on soil microbial diversity and metabolic pathways were explored. Following the application of T1, significant improvements were observed in the height, leaf length, and width of tobacco plants. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the soil were notably enhanced, including a 26.26% increase in phosphorus availability. Additionally, the activities of key soil enzymes such as sucrase, catalase, and urease were significantly increased, indicating improved soil health and fertility. Comprehensive joint microbiomics and macrogenomics analyses revealed a substantial rise in the populations of beneficial soil microorganisms and an enhancement in metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, synthesis, and production of secondary metabolites. These increase in beneficial microorganisms and the enhancement of their metabolic functions are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. This study provides valuable references for the development of innovative microbial fertilizers and offers programs for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

Corn genotypes with resistance to fungal plant pathogens and Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee

The paper presents the data of a study on different corn genotypes (zea mays) from a control nursery. Corn is one of the staple crops grown in the south of the Russian Far East. The intensive use of zea mays has been creating outbreaks of fungal diseases and phytophagous pests. For this reason, breeding corn hybrids (varieties) with resistance to plant pathogens and pests is necessary. Our research identified hybrids with high resistance to Ostrinia furnacalis G., Helminthosporium turcicum Р. Bipolaris spp., and Fusarium moniliforme S. The following hybrids had the highest resistance to Helminthosporium turcicum Р.: Primorskii 502, Primorskii 546, Primorskii 547, Primorskii 567, Primorskii 587, Primorskii 588, and Primorskii 597. Hybrids Primorskii 561 and Primorskii 794 were the most resistant to Bipolaris spp. Hybrids Primorskii 563, Primorskii 576, Primorskii 621, Primorskii 730, and Primorskii 697 were characterized by the highest resistance to Fusarium moniliforme S.

Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with biduri plant (Calotropis gigantea), bacteria, and biochar: Soil fertility impact

During the Industrial Revolution, agriculture was linked to environmental issues. One issue is pesticide pollution. Bioremediation is needed because plant diseases and pests cause farmers to use pesticides excessively, polluting and decreasing soil production. This study evaluated soil fertility from bioremediation with biduri plants, bacteria, and biochar on chlorpyrifos-polluted shallot-growing soil in Brebes Regency. This type of research was an experiment in a greenhouse, using a factorial experimental design with a completely randomized design, consisting of two factors, namely bioremediation agent (A0: without bioremediation agent, A1: Atlantibacter hermannii, A2: bacterial consortium) and coconut shell biochar (B0: without biochar, B1: with biochar). There were six treatment combinations, then replicated three times for each treatment, so there were 18 treatment units. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range Test, and Pearson correlation. The results showed that the best treatments that were able to improve soil fertility after bioremediation were treatments A1B0 (Atlantibacter hermannii + without biochar), A2B0 (bacterial consortium + without biochar), and A2B1 (bacterial consortium + with biochar). The A1B0 treatment (Atlantibacter hermannii + without biochar) increased the pH by 4.97%, and the soil available P was 12 times higher than the initial soil. The A2B0 (bacterial consortium + without biochar) treatment increased soil cation exchange capacity by 99.81% and soil organic C by 116% higher than the initial soil. The A2B1 (bacterial consortium + with biochar) treatment increased soil total N by 37.50% and available K by 38.47%, higher than the initial soil.

Remote sensing enabled sustainable tomato plant health and pest surveillance using machine learning techniques

Remote sensing enabled sustainable tomato plant health and pest surveillance using machine learning techniques

PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES OF THREE ENEGRY CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The literature review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of scientific research aimed at studying the interaction of phytoparasitic nematodes with energy crops such as Miscanthus, Jerusalem artichoke, and paulownia, as well as examining the factors influencing the spread of these nematodes in cultivation systems of three biofuel crops: giant Miscanthus, velvetleaf, and Jerusalem artichoke. The research is grounded in analyzing the interaction between nematodes and the yield of these crops, along with the potential positive impact of nematode communities from different trophic groups on soil quality and phytoremediation. Special attention is given to phytoparasitic nematodes, which are among the most widespread soil pests of plants. Considering the interaction between nematodes and energy crops is crucial for developing resilient and efficient cultivation systems that ensure high yields and preserve the biodiversity of soil ecosystems.The research concludes that phytoparasitic nematodes have a significant negative impact on the cultivation of energy crops, particularly giant miscanthus. However, certain climatic, chemical, and physical conditions are conducive to the formation of nematode communities that can positively affect soil quality and maintain its fertility. The review provides an overview of three energy crops for biofuel production (giant Miscanthus, velvetleaf, and Jerusalem artichoke), highlighting the nematode pests associated with each of these crops, which have been found in the rhizosphere of plants over many years of published research. Attention is also given to the negative impact of phytoparasitic nematodes on the cultivation of energy crops, especially Miscanthus. However, it has been observed that certain climatic, chemical, and physical conditions favor the formation of nematode communities that can positively influence soil quality and maintain its fertility. This work is significant for the development of strategies to manage the population levels of various trophic levels of nematodes, especially phytoparasitic ones, particularly in the context of cultivating promising energy crops for biofuel production. Additionally, the review describes the important influence of phytoremediation on the population of nematode communities in the soil. The obtained results can serve as a basis for further research in this field and the implementation of effective methods to preserve soil fertility and increase the productivity of energy crops. Furthermore, the findings of this literature review can contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable methods for cultivating energy crops, thereby aiding in the conservation of natural resources and reducing the impact of agricultural activities on the environment.

Biology and Demographic Statistic Myzus persicae on Chili Plant

This research aimed to observe the biological aspects and demographic data of Myzus persicae on chili plants. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests and Wire House, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, from August 2020 to July 2021. Biological observations, including the life cycle, lifespan, and fecundity, were made to gather demographic data. Parameters for demographic analysis included the gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and generation time (T). The results showed that the nymphal stages lasted 2.30, 2.17, 2.28, and 2.09 days for the first to fourth instars, respectively. The mean life cycle duration was 8.85 days, with a total fecundity of 21.04 offspring per female adult. Meanwhile, the average lifespan of M. persicae was 11.93 days. Demographic statistics for M. persicae on chili showed a GRR of 51.71 individuals per generation, an R0 of 14.41 individuals per female per generation, an r of 0.38 individuals per female per day, and a T of 16.22 days.

Juridical Analysis of the Application of Criminal Sanctions for Violations of the Importation and Export of Plants (Research Study of the Batam Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center)

Positive legal norms related to Animals, Fish, and Plants are required to provide legal certainty in preventing the entry, exit, and spread of quarantine plant pests. One way to safeguard quarantine measures is by imposing sanctions on offenders in the field of quarantine. The application of sanctions for violations of Law Number 21 of 2019 includes both administrative and criminal penalties. The issues in this study revolve around the legal regulation of the import and export of plants, the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam, and the obstacles or challenges to imposing criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants, along with their solutions at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam. This research aims to understand and analyze the legal regulation of the import and export of plants, to comprehend and analyze the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam, and to identify the factors hindering the imposition of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants, as well as to analyze their solutions at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam. This study employs normative legal research using literature as the primary source material for analysis. The research results indicate that the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants in Batam is often not in accordance with the regulations stipulated in Law Number 21 of 2019.

Biology of Pomegranate Pests, Control Measures and First Aid in Case of Pesticide Poisoning

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a shrub up to 5 m tall, belonging to the family Pomegranate. It is a subtropical plant, native to Israel, Iran and Asia Minor, and widely grown in the Caucasus. There are more than 40 varieties in Uzbekistan. The article discusses the biology of pomegranate plant pests, control measures and effective first aid solutions in case of pesticide poisoning.

The Potential of Cigarette Butt Extract Against Bemisia Tabaci in Tomato

Innovation used cigarette butt extract added papaya leaves and banana stem against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) become alternative reduce synthetic pesticide application in horticultural plant. The liquid do not produce residues on plant or soil. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of cigarette butt, papaya leaves and banana stems in controlling B. tabaci on tomato. The research was conducted at the Basic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University to prepare cigarette butt, nicotine maceration and nutrient content tests. Field trials were conducted at the experimental site of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University from September to December 2022. Five types of treatment applied on tomato plants: P0 (control), P1 (cigarette butt extract + papaya leaves), P2 (cigarette butt extract), P3 (banana stem waste) and P4 (cigarette butt extract + banana stem + papaya leaves). The result showed different results of each treatment. The highest B. tabaci attacked intensity at P0 (100%) and P3 (100%) while the lowest at P4 (33.3%). The highest growth height of tomato plant showed in P4 (33.3 cm) and the lowest in P3 (28.8 cm). The highest number of tomato leaves in P4 (49.7 leaves) and the lowest in P3 (36.3 leaves). The result indicated combine extract of cigarette butts, banana stem and papaya leaves increasing plant health and able reduce the attack intensity of B. tabaci.

Different development and fecundity between Spodoptera frugiperda USA and China populations, influenced by ecdysone-related genes.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most harmful plant pests in the world and is globally distributed from the American continent to the Asian region. The FAW USA population (Sf-USA) and China population (Sf-CHN), which belong to corn strain, showed different developmental periods and fecundity rates in lab conditions. Sf-USA had faster development and higher fecundity compared with Sf-CHN. To examine these differences, transcriptomic data from two FAW populations were analyzed and compared. Twelve gigabytes of transcripts were read from each sample and 21,258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. DEGs with log2 fold change ≥ 2 were identified and compared in two populations. In comparison to the Sf-CHN, we discovered that 3471 and 3851 individual DEGs upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression revealed several DEGs, including 39 of ecdysone (E)-, 25 of juvenile hormone-, and 15 of insulin-related genes. We selected six of E-related genes, such as Neverland, Shade, Ecdysone receptor, Ecdysone-inducible protein 74 (E74), E75, and E78 from DEGs. Gene expressions were suppressed by RNA interference to confirm the physiological functions of the selected genes from Sf-USA. The Sf-USA showed developmental retardation and a decrease in fecundity rate by suppression of E-related genes. These findings showthat biological characteristics between Sf-USA and Sf-CHNare influenced by E-related genes.

Technical report on the classification of plant pest detection and identification methods

Technical report on the classification of plant pest detection and identification methods

Annual report of the EFSA Plant Pest Surveillance Network 2023

Annual report of the EFSA Plant Pest Surveillance Network 2023

The Gender Differential Analysis: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Aspirations of Pesticide Use Among Cocoa Farmers In Asamankese Cocoa District, Ghana

Attempts to attain flawless agricultural production are still hampered by a range of restrictive factors including water scarcity, climate change, plant pests and diseases. Worries about the negative and unpleasant repercussions of pesticides on health are evolving in developing countries including Ghana. Cocoa farmers’ knowledge awareness, attitude, practices and skills in handling pesticides and the potential hazards it poses to them are vital in preventing pesticide exposure and hazards. This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, practices and aspiration of cocoa farmers in Ghana regarding pesticide use and the potential hazards it poses to their health. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the diverse roles and perspectives of male and female farmers in agricultural production. The study uses a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional descriptive approach to analyze data from 364 cocoa farmers in the Asamankese Cocoa District. The study found that both male and female cocoa farmers have a positive attitude towards pesticide usage, and their knowledge of pesticide handling practices is adequate. The study also found that male and female farmers have different levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pesticide use. The findings suggest that there is a need for increased awareness and education on safe pesticide handling practices to prevent pesticide exposure and its negative health effects on farmers.

Development Whitefly Pest Population (Bemisia tabaci G.) In Plants Cucumbers in the Pupuan Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali

Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus Linn. ) is one plant lots of fresh vegetables consumed Indonesian society . Production your cucumber affected by the attack Whitefly pest ( Bemisia _ tabaci ). study This aim For know the presence of whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) on plants cucumbers in the Village Pupuan , District Tegallalang , Regency Gianyar . Study This held with observation or exploration in a way directly on the land plant cucumber . Study using 5 grid plots observation . In each plot, 5 clumps were observed plants , determination plant sample done with method diagonal sampling method . Total plants observed cucumber _ as sampling is 25 clusters plant . Observation held every a week very . Research result shows the Bemesia Pest tabaci are found in the field plant cucumbers at 14 Days After Plant with average number of nymphs 0.4 and imago 0.2 / Plant and Number population pest Bemesia tabaci on plants cucumber increase from observation I arrived _ observation to -VIII

Klasifikasi Hama Tanaman Padi berdasarkan Citra Daun Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network

This research aims to classify the types of pests on rice leaves using Tensorflow with the CNN method to make it easier for the public to know the types of pests that exist on rice plants. The research results showed that initially the accuracy was only 61% but was successfully increased to 99% through various variation tests. Accuracy is affected by the background of the object and the distance of the device. Results show this model provides accurate predictions, with an average accuracy of around 90%. In conclusion, the results of rice plant pest classification using the CNN model for detecting rice plant pests using the Android-based Tensorflow framework make it easier to classify pest types on leafy rice plants.
 
 Keywords: CNN, Padi, Tensorflow

Effect of feed type on biology and nutritional indices of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Hermetia illucens L. (Black Soldier Fly) larvae are used as a source of high protein for animal feed, in cultivation they must produce larvae with fast growth and development in large numbers as well as imago with a high reproductive rate. The success factor from the type of feed given, because it can affect the growth and development of the larvae. The research to find a better type of feed for the growth and development of larvae. The research conducted from March 2022 to February 2023 at the Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment used grain bran feed, rice bran with kale, bran with banana stems, and bran with chicken manure compost. The results showed that the type of grain bran feed with chicken manure compost produced better scores on net reproduction rate (2210.85 females/mother/generation), intrinsic rate of increase (46.43%), population doubling (3.6 days), proportion of live individuals (0.84 individuals), number of eggs (528.8 eggs), average weight (6.534 g), consumption rate (0.0112 g/day), relative consumption rate (0.0104 g/day), growth rate (…0,0123 g/day..), relative growth rate (0,0115 g/g/day), digestibility (3.1940%), efficiency conversion of food consumed (2.0033%), and efficiency consumption of digested food (2,2029%) with increase respectively 4.58 times, 9.63 times, 4.61 times, 2.1 times, 2.27 times, 3.11 times, 2 times, 2.03 times, 1.14 times, 1.16 times, 2.88 times, 1.98 times, and 3.10 times compared to rice bran feed.

ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN POTATO PLANTS IN MOAT DISTRICT, EAST BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY, INDONESIA

The use of pesticides on highland vegetable crops by farmers is considered highly intensive. This is primarily due to favorable climatic conditions for developing plant pests and diseases. Pesticides are toxic bioactive chemical substances (at concentrations > 0.5 ppm). Each of these poisons carries risks to the environment and humans in their use. Pesticide residues are specific substances found in agricultural food crops or animal feed, either as a direct or indirect result of pesticide use. This research aims to determine the presence of pesticide residues in potatoes cultivated by the community of Moat Subdistrict, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with laboratory experimentation. Representative samples were taken from ten potato plantations in Moat Subdistrict, East Bolaang Mongondow villages. They were then analyzed at the Laboratory of Plant Protection and Quality Testing. Based on the research findings, the researchers concluded that six locations of potato tubers in 10 villages in Moat Subdistrict, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, did not contain pesticides. In comparison, the remaining four locations showed pesticide content.