Product Development Perspective Research Articles

Genome Editing: Moving Toward a New Era of Innovation, Development, and Approval.

Therapeutic genome editing is currently reshaping and transforming the development of advanced therapies as more ex vivo and in vivo gene editing-based technologies are used to treat a broad range of debilitating and complex disorders. With first-generation gene editing modalities (notably those based on ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9), comes a new second-generation of gene editing-based therapeutics including base editing, prime editing and other nuclease-free genome editing modalities. Such ground-breaking innovative products warrant careful considerations from a product development and regulatory perspective, that take into account not only the common development considerations that apply to standard gene and cell therapy products, but also other specific considerations linked with the technology being used. This article sheds light into specific considerations for developing safe and effective in vivo and ex vivo genome editing medicines that will continue to push barriers even further for the cell and gene therapy field.

Edible insects as emerging food products-processing and product development perspective.

Edible insects (EI) are also becoming as a part of the diet due to their nutritional value and health benefits in many regions of the world. These EI are inexhaustible sources accessible by garnering from the wild with high feed conversion efficiency. Appreciating the budding of EI in justifiable food production, enlightening food security and biodiversity conversion, is promising a sufficient supply of the insect resource for future food to the world. These insects are processed to develop new products, improve organoleptic and nutritional parameters as well as the extension of shelf life. In this review, we discuss the edible insect characteristics, the potential application of EI in food industry, processing, pretreatments, drying, extraction of edible compounds like protein, lipid and chitin various food products formulation, safety regulation. Availability of broad nutritional spectrum of EI includes protein, mono and poly unsaturaturated fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, amino aids and minerals has been used as an ingredient in development of various forms of food products such as flours in the form of whole insect powder, protein isolate, canned products, extruded products, hard candies, spreads, liquor infusion, cookies and other products.

Organizing the fragmented landscape of multidisciplinary product development: a mapping of approaches, processes, methods and tools from the scientific literature

The fourth industrial revolution is shaping a new industrial landscape. A variety of technologies related to software, information and communication technologies embody a ubiquitous digital and connectivity era. These technologies enable the creation of new products with the integration of connectivity, data collection and processing capacities which require combining engineering disciplines. Increasing product multidisciplinarity compels companies to adapt their product development practices. The scientific literature offers a variety of concepts and techniques to support multidisciplinary product development. This paper seeks to organize the landscape of concepts and techniques available for multidisciplinary product development. An extensive literature review was conducted, and 236 concepts and techniques were identified. Multidisciplinary products of interest deal with both software and hardware development and can be encountered through the denominations of cyber-physical systems, mechatronics and smart products and systems. An in-depth analysis led to the classification and mapping, for each product denomination, of the concepts and techniques available to support their development. The classification relies on a four-level model paired with a decision tree to thoroughly sort the variety of concepts and techniques into the approach, process, method, and tool levels. The mapping between the sorted concepts and techniques enabled the generation of graphical representations called cartographies. These cartographies serve to support companies’ transformation towards the fourth industrial revolution from the product development perspective by giving a general overview of the related literature, and guiding them in the identification of the most suitable approaches, processes, methods and tools.

Communicating Function and Co-Creating Healthy Food: Designing a Functional Food Product Together with Consumers

Functional food is lately an interesting topic from the new product development perspective; complex motivation and expectations of consumers regarding it present a challenge when new products are designed. Co-creation is an interesting alternative to the standard practices by the R & D departments since it directly involves consumers in the various stages of the creation process. This work aims to describe experiences of engaging consumers in different development stages of a functional food product within a project realized at a food research institute. Four consecutive studies were conducted: the first study explored current trends in Serbia regarding the way consumers use functional food and are informed about it; the second study described development of a raspberry seeds extract with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity confirmed in vitro; the third study tested the same extract in a sample of consumers, validating its usability in food products; and the fourth study described a co-creation session with 18 participants, during which a number of activities were realized to stimulate idea generation. Rather than the final product idea itself, this work is valuable because of detailed insights into the various phases of the co-creation process. It is shown that consumers and food researchers can together engage in the new food product development process as long as the communication between them is rich and with mutual understanding.

Polyolefin Catalyst Research: A Product-Driven Industrial Perspective.

This account narrates polyolefin catalyst research at the Research Institute Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals (IRCRAC). We particularly address catalyst performance and kinetic evaluation, novelty in supported metallocene catalysts, the apparently absurd residual catalyst structure and solid-state electronic environment, illustration of supported metallocene catalyst active site distribution thru model and experiment, preparation of spheroidal MgCl2 support, and catalytic synthesis of energy-saving drag reducing UHMW polymers using local petrochemical feedstock. Each area has been assessed from the product development perspective. Our PO catalyst research aligns with Saudi Arab's Vision 2030 National Strategic Plan (NSP). We also present a circular research concept which shows how product-driven research with a commercial driving force can significantly advance fundamental PO catalyst chemistry to valuable applications for Saudi Arabia. Finally, we focus on establishing spinoffs using local raw materials. We highlight the role, to be played by researchers, R&D management, and potential investors, to develop the appropriate innovation diffusion culture. The critical need is to understand why an innovation will fail to be marketed. We particularly stress the importance of conducive sociology (environment), psychology (mental state), and mindset (preparedness to make and accept changes) that precede innovation and technology.

Transparent organic photovoltaics: A strategic niche to advance commercialization

<h2>Summary</h2> After more than a decade of organic photovoltaics making introductory steps into the market, the scientific and industrial communities keep working toward the consolidation of this technology in the market. The recent development of materials that yield simultaneously high levels of efficiency and transparency brings the opportunity to enter important niche markets, such as transparent photovoltaic windows, in which organic semiconductors might become the best alternative absorber. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the technological progress in organic photovoltaics especially relevant for target semitransparent applications, highlighting key R&D aspects that demand more attention from an industrial and product-development perspective. We conclude that strong effort is needed to develop higher-performing photoactive materials and roll-to-roll compatible interlayer materials and electrodes. Although this is already a significant research focus of the academic community, we identify that reinforcing research effort on topics such as improvement in device lifetime, color portfolio, and module design and efficiency will help in making a significant effect on changing the status of organic photovoltaics from a novel technology to a mature industry.

The Sustainability of Malaysia Purple Sweet Potato and Its Nutritional Value: Product Development Perspective

The Sustainability of Malaysia Purple Sweet Potato and Its Nutritional Value: Product Development Perspective

Development and implementation of a model for promoting innovation in traditional food products through academic entrepreneurship

ABSTRACT Traditional food products are products made in a specific way according to the gastronomic heritage and known due to their sensory properties and associated with a specific local area, region or country. These products are often associated with rural areas lacking sources of innovation and competitiveness. This study aims to develop and implement a model to promote innovation in traditional food products through academic entrepreneurship, integrating it with a perspective of product development. The development of the model was based on the program and the contest developed under the Newfood Project, where a process for product innovation was incorporated. The developed model proved to be easy to implement and replicate among PhD students and researchers in the areas of food biotechnology, food science and nutrition. Its implementation, with a new product development process, allowed the prototyping of innovative products in the traditional products sector.

The role of product development in the battle against product-related stigma – a literature review

Stigma may be the Achilles’ heel of Inclusive Design, having a variety of negative effects on the user, e.g. anxiety or depression. From a product development (PD) perspective, such negative user stigmatisation can lead to the rejection of a product. PD cannot defeat stigma itself, but it can make a valuable contribution by reducing product-related stigma. Joining the battle, this contribution analyses the role of PD and identifies supports that help to reduce stigma in the respective context using an initial and a systematic literature review. The role of PD is split into four categories addressing the need to fulfil specific demands (reduce stigma and improve personal well-being), exploit potentials (see design as a tool, use the power of product semantics and design for our future selves), solve current problems (lack of knowledge and not taking the user seriously) and manage boundary conditions (complexity of stigma and the stigma-sensitivity of products). Individual, process, educational solutions or general strategies are supports that help meeting those expectations. Due to different challenges, there is still a need for action to improve those supports to deliver specific design recommendations and reduce the lack of knowledge.

Literature Review of the Gig Economy from a Product Development Perspective:

Literature Review of the Gig Economy from a Product Development Perspective:

Developing a common understanding of business models from the product development perspective

With the Solar Roof, Tesla offers a roof in which photovoltaic cells are integrated into the tiles. Tesla can generate revenue streams through the development, production and sale of the Solar Roof. The customer of the Solar Roof can protect his building from the weather and at the same time generate revenue through the operation of the solar cells. The example shows that in addition to Tesla’s business model, the customer of the Solar Roof also has a business model. Tesla’s business model can be assigned to the strategic level and represents a focus of current research. The Solar Roof customer’s business model can be assigned to the product level. Business models at the product level have not yet been comprehensively researched. Therefore, this article proposes perspectives into which business models in product development can be divided and how these can be explained and described. For business models in product development, the three perspectives business models for products, business models as part of products and business models as products were proposed. Furthermore, a model was proposed to explain the difference between business models for products and business models as part of products. Moreover, a model for a product with a business model as part of the product was proposed. Additionally, six case studies were used to show how business models as part of products can lead to additional benefits for providers, customers and users. The proposed models can support product developers in systematically developing market differentiating products through a business models as part of the product.

Does outsourcing always work? A critical evaluation for project business success

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to deal with the importance and obstacles of outsourcing strategy in project business in terms of product development perspectives. This strategy is intrinsically analyzed and evaluated with respect to the strategic business environments.Design/methodology/approachThe objective of this research is to analyze the advantages and limitations of the outsourcing that have been identified in prior studies. This research has attempted to investigate the performance implications of outsourcing strategies in terms of theoretical considerations and implementation perspectives.FindingsIn this study, the authors have presented a general overview of outsourcing strategies in terms of both light and dark sides of this approach. Various driving forces of outsourcing strategy along with critical success factors are articulated within project to product development perspectives.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could be continued to measure various performance variables such as productivity, sales, revenues, career opportunities, manifest in power struggles, change jobs, change organizational cultures, etc. in multiple case companies, which affect with the success or failure of outsourcing arrangements.Practical implicationsThe term outsourcing is nowadays a widely known business strategy, where manufacturing firms share partly or fully of their production process with outside organizations or suppliers. The research approach as articulated within this paper would be beneficial for project business organizations and specially the product designers and project managers for planning and developing their strategic business potentials with respect to outsourcing and in-sourcing decisions.Originality/valueIn this paper a high-level decision-making model for outsourcing and a cause and effect type framework are demonstrated with a view to ease the decision-making process for the organizations managers.

Active Change of Folk Traditional Bamboo Products Design in Ecological

Objective: Try to make the traditional bamboo products getnew vitality, to achieve the sustainable development of bamboo products industry. Method Based on the diversity culture of traditional bamboo, folk, music, and their internal relationships, the collision of traditional bamboo products with modern design culture including the collision of shape, the collision of structures, and the collision of materials to determine the traditional bamboo product design innovation direction are analyzed. Conclusion: From the perspective of local tourism product development and ecommerce point of view, the development of new materials to achieve the traditional bamboo product design innovation are needed to promote the traditional bamboo product design and the era of green design unity.

Gathering, evaluating and managing customer feedback during aircraft production.

This paper proposes a systematic approach for gathering requirements during production through customers' remote access to the partially and fully assembled aircraft and its modules. The paper also proposes an evaluation and management of these recorded requirements and their utilization in the development of an aircraft. Modular product architecture is used for the modular organization of the product, product-service, and production system for the gathering, evaluation and management of feedback for product development perspectives. A mobile and wearable augmented reality system is used to virtually walk through the partially or fully manufactured product and to compare the status of the production with the product model to be produced. Change requests are captured as customer feedback. The knowledge thus acquired can be overlaid (augmented) on the real product, i.e. the aircraft. This approach is able to record the dynamic requirements of targeted customers. These changes can be carried out in the current version of the aircraft, and also incorporated into future versions. The implementation using case studies is presented for gathering feedback during assembly as well as for evaluating and managing the recorded feedback for exemplary modules (cabin and galley) of an aircraft. The use of the evaluation results in the development of an aircraft is also presented in the paper.

UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT STRATEGY IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS THROUGH NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES AND EVOLUTION

International product strategy regarding global standardisation and local adaptation is one of the challenges faced by multinational corporations (MNCs). Studies in this area have tested the antecedents and consequences of standardisation/adaptation, but lack a new product development (NPD) perspective. In this study, we explore how product standardisation/adaptation is determined in the NPD context. Through a qualitative case study of four MNCs, we found three NPD approaches: multi-local, adaptation-based and platform-based. We analysed the advantages and challenges of each approach. In addition, we reveal how the factors (development of information and communication technology, competition pressure, brand awareness and technical capability) could influence the choice of a certain NPD approach. We draw implications on the paths to ensuring full leveraging of the benefits of a platform-based approach.

Is Green Computing a Social Software Engineering Domain?

Reusing of information technological product is called Green Computing. Recycling plays an important role in Green Computing. In generally, Green Computing is the deployment, optimization, virtualization and energy management and more over resource allocation. This includes software, hardware, applications, utilities, drivers and so on and can be treated as model or approach foe eco-friendly information technology utilization. Cloud Technology and Green Computing are related with Cloud Computing. To prepare easy and effective Information Systems virtualization is the main fundamentals of Cloud Computing. Use of minimum computers and machine are recommended which provide centralized service. The aim of Green Computing may be fulfill by appropriate Cloud Computing utilization directly and indirectly. Apart from dealing with developing programmes or systems it also helps in developing a big spectrum of related components, which centralize software. Software Engineering is a common names in today's information age. A list of instruction or data loaded into the computer to do certain activities in the computer is recognized as software. Software is a list of instruction or programme to carry out function in the computer and here software engineering play an important role for the social and cultural development and for designing and development of systems. Machine and this trend is increasing rapidly. This paper is illustrated several aspects of Software Engineering including its basic as well as fundamentals and some concern deals with Software Engineering in generally as well as in the perspective of social and community product development. Paper is expressed how Green Computing is an important socially touched domain and more clearly a social software engineering field.

FOOD MARKET DIVERSIFICATION APPROACH – LITHUANIAN CASE

The paper analyses the main opportunities and threats coming from dynamic changes in international trade development for the agricultural and food sector in Lithuania. It addresses the problem of market diversification in Lithuanian agriculture and food sector focusing mainly on: analysis of the Lithuanian trade before and after the EU accession, investigation of the dynamics of international trade flows in agri-food products, comparison of export geography of Lithuanian agri-food products before and after the accession, orientation of the exporters of agri-food products at international markets. To this end, the authors use statistical quantitative analysis which was supplemented with qualitative analysis of experts from both the public and private sector. The questionnaire for experts comprised questions investigating the current situation of the company; export share, future plans and orientation at the foreign markets, product development perspectives and market diversification strategies.

Aligning product development and user perspectives: social-behavioural dimensions of multipurpose prevention technologies.

Multipurpose prevention technologies provide a compelling response to the multiple and reinforcing sexual and reproductive health risks faced by women globally. To ensure that this potential is realised, product-specific characteristics and their social-behavioural correlates must be considered early in the product development process. This paper provides an overview of the key user-related social and behavioural dimensions of three broad categories of multipurpose prevention technologies: 1) sustained release vaginal rings, 2) pericoital vaginal products, and 3) co-formulated or co-administered injectables. The authors build upon the broad parameters of Target Product Profiles for such products, aligning them with user perspective considerations.

Cumulative risk assessment of three aldehydes present in tobacco smoke: application of Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Mode of Action (MOA) evaluations

In January 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outlined seven research priority areas relating to tobacco products (1). Research area three focused on “reducing toxicity and carcinogenicity of tobacco products and smoke”. This has been coupled with an increased interest in further characterising tobacco smoke toxicants both from the perspective of future regulatory frameworks aimed at monitoring or lowering toxicant levels and from the perspective of tobacco product development focused on selective toxicant reduction as part of broader harm reduction initiatives (2,3,4).

Critical elements for product innovation at Portuguese innovative SMEs: an intellectual capital perspective

The general purpose of this research is to study interaction effects between intangible assets and product innovation. More specifically, the authors build on the intellectual capital-based view of the firm and new product development perspectives to analyse which intellectual capital elements affect product innovation performance at innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from Portugal, and what are their interdependencies, if any, in that process. The findings confirm that intellectual capital does influence product innovation performance at Portuguese innovative SMEs. However, not all intellectual capital elements that were identified for the purpose of this research show such a relevant effect. In fact, only three elements, coming, respectively, from human, relational and structural capital, effectively reveal a significant impact on product innovation performance. Those are ‘Commitment to the Product Innovation Process’, ‘Vertical Relationships’ and ‘Product Innovation Management and Strategy’. In addition, only structural capital elements exhibit a significant direct impact on product innovation success. Human capital and relational capital elements affect product innovation indirectly, through their interaction with structural capital. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of intellectual capital elements on product innovation at SMEs, providing more evidence on which to build an intellectual capital-based view of corporate phenomena.