Perspective Of Constructivism Research Articles

The Influence of International Regimes on The Act of States on The Basis of Croatia Studies

The role of international organizations in the dissemination of ideas has been widely recognized by constructivist scholars. However, the question of how international organizations influence sovereign states has not been well answered. The classical constructivist discourse provides some good insights, particularly into the relationship between the principle of state sovereignty and the collective identity of states. And the field of international law, which is closely related to international organizations, has been introduced into the consideration of constructivist scholars. In the post-cold-war, the ever-changing international community, examples of the application of this unique approach are constantly being found. As a region with a weak sense of historical identity, the Balkan states provide a good example for the theory of international organizations constructing national identity and interests. Croatia is one of the most representative countries. By joining the WTO, great progress has been made towards the goal of economic and security integration with Europe. It showed that international organizations can influence sovereign states to accept their ideas. The working model of this fact is to negotiate the acceptance by the state of the provisions of the basic documents of the organization and to force the state to comply through a series of corresponding procedures. This article uses historical and documentary methods to sort out the documents related to it, using historical materials from the English world and Croatia academia. The perspective of constructivism is also an important component of the research method. Future studies may further explore the mechanism of this mode of influence and apply this paradigm of international organization and international law to more and more literature and empirical studies.

Talent as a social construction: Proposing a constructivist conceptualization of athletic talent

Talent identification, selection, and development represent critical areas of inquiry for sport scientists as indicated in the large amount of research attention dedicated to these topics. However, talent researchers rarely explicitly discuss their underlying conceptual understanding of “talent”.Within this article, we approach the construct “talent” from the perspective of social constructivism. We consider talent as a social construction that is historically changing and contextually embedded. Organizations that act as “purchasers” of talent (sports clubs, youth squads, etc.) have to develop ideas about which athletes represent the best fit against the background of the performance conditions within the respective sport (in the sense of possessing the set of characteristics that is most promising for future success). The purpose of these organizational “talent” descriptions is to try to ensure that the person with the highest chance of being successful is promoted. However, multidimensionality, asynchronicity, and discontinuity of talent development make the prediction of sporting success extremely difficult. Talent development needs to be thought of as an iterative process that is highly individualized and idiosyncratic. To make a person fit to the expectations of an organization requires a high degree of flexibility, reflexivity, and, not least, patience from talent development programs.Using the example of athletic talent, we show that the principles of constructivism provide a useful terminological, theoretical, and methodological basis for the empirical analysis of the complex process of talent emergence and development. Methodologically, idiographic approaches are needed that explore the intrinsic dynamics of talent development pathways.

The Effect of Security and Terror Policies in Bill Clinton Era in the Perspective of Realist Constructivism on Turkey-USA Relations

1991 yılı Aralık ayı itibariyle sona eren Soğuk Savaş sürecinin akabinde George Bush, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) süper güç olarak “yeni dünya düzeni” içerisinde yerini alacağını belirtmiştir. Bush dönemi sonrası, Demokrat Parti adayı olarak başkan seçilen Bill Clinton, yeni düzen dizaynının gereklilikleri çerçevesinde, bir yol haritası oluşturmuştur. Realist parametreler ile hareket etmiş olan Bush yönetiminin aksine Clinton göreve gelir gelmez, güvenlik ve terör politikaları konusunda idealist bir bakış açısıyla hareket edileceğine dikkat çekmiştir. Clinton bu durumu, uluslararası örgütler, müttefikler ve diğer devletler ekseninde “sert güç”ten “yumuşak güç”e geçiş olarak değerlendirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, 1990 yılı Ağustos ayında başlayan Körfez Savaşı’ndan itibaren ortak müttefik anlayışıyla sürdürülen Türkiye-ABD ilişkileri, Clinton dönemi ile birlikte yakın işbirliği hedefli olarak ilerlemiştir. Türkiye’nin, Irak Savaşı sırasında oynadığı etkin rol ve Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO) kapsamında ABD’nin yanında yer alması, Clinton dönemi itibariyle ilişkileri, kimileri tarafından kabul görmüş olmasa da “stratejik ortaklık” boyutuna taşımıştır. Çalışma, Clinton’un başkanlık dönemi içerisinde, Türkiye ile ABD’nin birbirlerine karşı aldıkları pozisyonu, dış politika analizleri üzerinden, realist konstrüktivist analitik bakış açısı doğrultusunda değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Streamlining civil - military education for national development in Nigeria

The National Policy on Education in Nigeria defined tertiary education as the education given after secondary education. By that definition, all professional military training education in the country are tertiary education being post-secondary education. However, despite the rigorous, systematic and methodical trainings offered by military personnel, their certificates are not recognized as tertiary education certificates outside the military and as such retired personnel found themselves unemployable after military career and unable to participate in any meaningful national development activities. Using a qualitative research approach based primarily on social constructivism perspective, this paper sets out to investigate how to achieve equivalence between military training and civil tertiary education certificates to enhance national development in Nigeria. The basic assumption of the paper was that without integrating military and civil education certificates, retired military personnel cannot contribute to national development which constitutes colossal waste of highly trained human resources in the country. The findings showed that all military training courses’ certificates can be recognized if the military authorities will initiate the procedures of getting their training curriculum adjusted and discussed at the National Council on Education. The paper recommended that the Office of the Chief of Defence Staff should initiate the engagement of all relevant stakeholders to discuss military training curriculum and seek the accreditation of all the courses accordingly.

TOPICAL LEARNING PARADIGMS FOR ONLINE EDUCATION

Affordances of information-communication technology enable faculty to migrate the face-to-face courses into an online environment within a rapid time frame. Leaning problems are approached from varied theoretical perspectives. An eclectic approach to teaching and learning could combine a traditional educational perspective with the perspectives of constructivism, social constructivism, sociocultural theory and experientialism. The vital factors in online education are teacher guidance, collaboration with peers, social interaction, language, culture, the structured activity of instruction, teaching methods, assessment of the evolving cognitive capacities in students, feedback, remedial activity, changing environment, recurring patterns, memorization and rote learning. The teacher is a facilitator in the learning process. The learner is active in gaining knowledge. Mediation between the learner and the material to be learned is carried out through the teacher and organized learning activity. Discourse is an educational focus. Thought is seen as internalized discourse. Reality is a personal concept as every person constructs their own version of reality. Knowledge is a social construct. Social and individual processes are interdependent in the construction of knowledge. Meaning and thought are embodied. People are not free to think anything as the same neural and cognitive mechanisms are involved in perception, movement, conceptualization and reasoning.

Acculturation Strategies and Dance: Identity Construction Through the Example of “Zonaradikos or Omouslamas” Dance of The Gagaouz of Thrace, Greece

The aim of this paper is to study the different manifestations of the dance practice of the Gagaouz of Inoi of Evros as tactics in search of their ethnic identity. In particular, with reference to the analysis of the main dance of the repertoire of the Gagaouz and all of Thrace, Zonaradikos or Omouslamas and based on the fluid nature of identity formation, this paper aims to investigate the attitudes with which members of this ethnic group, as subjects of social action, self-identify, construct and reconstruct their ethnic identity, depending on the circumstances, each time belonging to different ethnic groups. Data was gathered through ethnographic method as this is applied to the study of dance, while its interpretation was based on the theoretical perspective of constructivism under the analytical terms of "acculturation" according to the multicultural model proposed by Berry. From the data analysis, it is showed that the Gagaouz, through dance, choose on the one hand to have a Thracian ethnic identity and on the other Gagaouz ethnic identity and on a third level they identify themselves as Thracian Gagaouz, experiencing a social reality which seeks to have multiple identities at the same time.

Conflict of Law Enforcement by State Institutions over Abuse of Power and Authority: A Case Study of "Former President Director of PT. Pertamina"

This study, wants to analyze the very significant differences in the application of legal considerations on the abuse of power and authority by the former President Director of PT. Pertamina, which caused losses to the state based on legal considerations by the Corruption Court Judge and the Jakarta High Court, decided to imprisonment for 8 years and a fine. However, a cassation decision by the Panel of Judges at the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia stated that the defendant was presumed innocent and freed the defendant from the demands of imprisonment and unconditional release. The problem of this research is, Why are there very significant differences in the application of law in the same state institution? The purpose of this study, for Constitutional Law academics can provide a very significant difference study in legal considerations in the Court of Justice in Indonesia. For judges at the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia as an introspection in the legal consideration of abuse of power that results in losses to the state. This research approach method was a qualitative method. Creswell defines a qualitative method as a research method that is based on the perspective of constructivism, in which various meanings are socially and historically constructed with a view to develop a theory or pattern. The researcher analysis was based on legal regulations where conflicts occurred in the law enforcement among the three state institutions acting as the basis of constitutional law, which were; Jakarta Corruption Court; High Court of Appeals for the Special Capital Region of Jakarta; and Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia.The results of the research show real evidence, the application of law, abuse of power and authority in state-owned enterprises, which was carried out by the former President Director of PT Pertamina so that the state suffered losses. At the Corruption Crime Court and the Jakarta High Court apply the Corruption Crime Law, but the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia applies business law. In terms of this significant difference, it has resulted in constitutional law academics assessing decisions that do not reflect a sense of justice. The researcher's suggestion is that the panel of judges in a state institution should have no differences in taking legal considerations on abuse of power and authority that harm the state.

Deviation of Management of Medical Waste from Hospital Implication upon Environmental Damage in West Sumatera, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to show and analyze suspected abuse of power by hospital administrators in North Sumatra with public officials, in this case the bureaucrats in the Ministry of Environment of West Sumatra Region, carrying out hazardous medical waste out of place according to environmental science regulations, so that it occurs environmental damage. This research approach method is a qualitative method. Creswell defines a qualitative method as a research method that is based on the perspective of constructivism, namely various meanings, meanings that are socially and historically constructed with a view to developing a theory or pattern. Researchers collect data that is open-ended and developing, with the aim of developing a theme from the data obtained. The data collection technique is carried out by literature study of primary and secondary and tertiary legal materials. Environmental regulation analysis techniques, with analysis using the theory of abuse of power. So that researchers draw conclusions deductively, and provide recommendations or suggestions according to research objectives The results found here were that the actors of the management of hospital medical waste disposal were not in accordance with hospital regulations and environmental regulations. Suggestions are provided by researchers for environmental crime prevention in an effort to prevent and tackle environmental destruction.

L’esperienza dell’amore e delle scelte romantiche

We have found ourselves quite often involved in conversations with our clients about romantic love. Considering how crucially important love choices are in people’s lives, we try to approach and comprehend the theme of romantic love within the perspective of hermeneutic constructivism, focusing on the relational aspect inherent in our way of experiencing and transcending the “I-you” dichotomy. Thus, referring to the theoretical framework of Kelly’s Psychology of Personal Constructs according to which subjectivity is essentially “relational", we will be able to explore the love experience in romantic relationships in terms of “elaborative choice”.

Sustainable Tourism Destination Image Projection: The Inter-Influences between DMOs and Tourists

With the development of the Web 2.0 era, tourists can freely publish their destination experiences through online travel notes. This enables tourists to become important agents to project tourism destination image (TDI), impacting destination-sustainable development. Previous studies have compared the difference in the images projected by destination management organizations (DMO) and tourists through their published content. However, fewer studies have been done to explore the inter-influences between them on the diachronic process of TDI construction. From the perspective of “circle of representation” this question is researched through a case study of Chiang Mai, Thailand, regarding the market of mainland Chinese tourists. Through interviews and the collection of microblogs from the Thailand National Tourism Bureau and tourists’ travel notes from 2009 to 2021, we found that Chiang Mai has experienced four stages of TDI construction, during which the “Xiao Qingxin” image is evolutionally constructed and formed into the representation circle. The inter-influences between DMO and tourists, as well as the influencing factors in this process, are summarized. Our study supplements a dynamic diachronic analysis of TDI from the constructivism perspective. Relevant management and marketing applications for TDI and destination sustainability in the post-pandemic and Web 2.0 era are also provided.

On College English Vocabulary Teaching Strategies from the Perspective of Constructivism

The application of constructivism theory in vocabulary teaching makes it possible to put forward some college English vocabulary teaching strategies, including the root-affix lexical bundle construction, the sound-morpheme-meaning construction, the word-context-dynamic semantic construction, the experience-cognitive activation-schematic construction, which is conducive to the combination of top-down explanation by teachers and bottom-up construction by students, giving full play to students’ subjective initiative in vocabulary learning and improving teachers’ vocabulary teaching efficiency.

Rethinking the Methodological Foundation of Historical Political Science

The basis of a methodology determines whether a research method can fit the core characteristics of a particular academic tradition, and thus, it is crucial to explore this foundation. Keeping in mind the controversy and progress of the philosophy of social sciences, this paper aims to elaborate on four aspects including the cognitive model, the view of causality, research methods, and analysis techniques, and to establish a more solid methodological basis for historical political science. With respect to the “upstream knowledge” of methodology, both positivism and critical realism underestimate the tremendous difference between the natural world and the social world. This leads to inherent flaws in controlled comparison and causal mechanism analysis. Given the constructiveness of social categories and the complexity of historical circumstances, the cognitive model of constructivism makes it more suitable for researchers to engage in macro-political and social analysis. From the perspective of constructivism, the causality in “storytelling,” i.e., the traditional narrative analysis, is placed as the basis of the regularity theory of causality in this paper, thus forming the historical–causal narrative. The historical–causal narrative focuses on how a research object is shaped and self-shaped in the ontological historical process, and thus ideally suits the disciplinary characteristics of historical political science. Researchers can complete theoretical dialogues, test hypotheses, and further explore the law of causality in logic and evidence, thereby achieving the purpose of “learning from history” in historical political science.

COVID-19: An alternative approach to postgraduate supervision in the digital age

Universities globally are facing enormous governmental pressure to increase postgraduate output, and in turn, contribute to the knowledge economy. This pressure is transferred to research supervisors, who have to navigate the complexities of research supervision to not only meet postgraduate output targets set by the university in particular, but postgraduate output targets set by government in general. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, research supervision mostly followed the traditional apprenticeship or group model approach to supervision, where engagement took the form of face-to-face interactions. With the COVID-19 pandemic came social distancing, which forced research supervision to move to online platforms. The core objective of this article was to peruse selected research supervision models or approaches to determine which model or approach would be most suited to an online supervision context, if any. This article advances a re-imagined view of research supervision in higher education. The author proposes an argument for an alternative approach to research supervision, most appropriate to the online supervision environment. The ontological stance, from the perspective of constructivism, underpinned the interrogation of selected research supervision models or approaches with the view to engender a different understanding of what the core components of a research supervision framework could be in the context of COVID-19, with due regard to the “pedagogy of supervision”. This article will be of value to emerging South African research supervisors and scholars in the higher education realm. Keywords: research supervisors, research supervision models, online supervision, COVID-19, pedagogy of supervision

Emotionally Engaged Parent Versus Professional Teacher: Strategies for Maintaining Borders Between the Dual Teacher-Parent Role in School

Abstract The paper presents findings on primary teachers’ and other school actors’ constructions of the teacher and parental role. Specifically, it focuses on strategies for maintaining borders between the personal (parent) and professional (teacher) roles in school environments in Slovakia. We approached the concepts of role and identity from the perspective of social constructivism and symbolic interactionism. Thirty-one interviews and focus groups with school actors were analysed using critical discourse analysis. In the next step, discourses on managing the dual role were analysed using thematic analysis. Results show participants described regulating or restricting verbal, emotional and behavioural expression, and engaged in favouritism avoidance as strategies for separating out the roles. All point to the need to eliminate favouritism as a key meaning in the construction of the teacher role through impartialness and parental role as favourably inclined to create inter-role conflict. We stress the importance of exploring teacher and parental roles in various circumstances in order to obtain a complex picture of negotiating these roles in everyday life.

A Corpus-Based Study of the Discursive Construction of Corporate Identities by Chinese and American Banks

Abstract By taking the perspective of Social Constructivism and the Discourse-Historical Approach, and using the corpus linguistic tool Wmatrix, this study compares the discursive strategies adopted by Chinese and American banks in their construction of corporate identities. The research underlines the shared and unique features presented in prominent themes, communication strategies and lexical patterns. It is found that Chinese banks prefer to emphasise their historical development, industrial ranking and organisational structure to positively construct their identity as industry leaders, adopting a corporate ability strategy through the frequent usage of numbers and superlative adjectives. However, American banks tend to stress care for their employees, communities and environment. They prefer to use a corporate responsibility strategy to build their identity as social contributors through the frequent usage of performative verbs to exhibit specific corporate activities. This study may have practical implications for Chinese companies wishing to improve their international communication capability and may offer educational implications for Business English teaching.

Dinamika Pertumbuhan Feminisme Di China Dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme

This article describes how the growth process of feminism in China in the perspective of constructivism regarding the life-cycle of norms. In theory, there are three stages of how a norm which in this case is feminism through the life-cycle of norms. This research method uses a qualitative method of literature study. In this article, the findings are that there are three propositions related to the emergence of international norms in feminism in China, the first is Norm emergence which is described by the emergence of one of the famous female figures, namely, He Zhen, who adopted western feminism by not leaving Chinese cultural identity which was considered good for her. Chinese women's social change. In contrast to other reformers, He Zhen specifically separates the case of feminism from nationalism, stating that women's liberation is not for the sake of the nation, but rather a moral necessity. Second, the Norm Cascade is illustrated by the influence of China's state ratification of the Convention Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) held in Copenhagen Denmark, by accepting international norms on gender equality which in turn will require domestic laws to make some changes to suit the issue. Third, Internalization is described by the growth process of Chinese feminism, namely the process of fusion with culture within the body of feminism itself, or in other words, feminism that develops has its own unique characteristics that are not owned by other countries and only China has it.Keywords: Chinese feminism, constructivism perspective, the life-cycle of norms

VIETNAM - THAILAND CULTURAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS: A VIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

There have still been many debates among scholars about the appropriateness of the international relations theory in Asia in general and Southeast Asia in particular. In these theories, Constructivism has emerged as a suitable school for assessing international relations in Southeast Asia when ASEAN is moving towards building an ASEAN community in 2025 and developing an environment with common identities regarding security, politics, economy, and social culture. This paper focuses on analyzing and evaluating Vietnam-Thailand relations concerning social culture from the perspective of Constructivism. Research results reveal that the arguments of Constructivism are suitable to justify Vietnam - Thailand relation in the field of culture and society. Both countries have had changes in common perception and diplomatic ties. Both countries work towards forming common standards and strengthening the solidarity and friendship between two countries based on socio-cultural exchanges to build an ASEAN community.

Local-civilizational research and social constructivism: points of intersection

This article represents a polemical response to the critical of poly-civilizational research article by D. E. Letnyakov, who offers to shift away from the essentialist attitudes in the context of studying the phenomenon of civilization, and rather focus on the mechanisms of formation of civilizational identity. In contradiction of the aforementioned point of view, the author of this article argues the inferiority and one-sidedness of the attempts to limit the multi-paradigm vector of research to a single methodological approach, substantiates the philosophical grounds of such multi-paradigmality, and on the example of gender studies, indicates the discrepancies that emerge due to neglecting the essential approach by the researchers. The subject of this article is the methodology of civilizational research. The author does not intent to refute the provisions of social constructivism completely, since its adherents made a considerable contribution to social knowledge, but rather demonstrate that in a number of multi-paradigm vectors (to which civilizational research belong to), this methodological approach cannot be limited to just one. It is substantiated that for philosophy, the criticism of civilizational theory from the perspective of social constructivism, is the phenomenon similar to refutation of Lobachevsky’s geometry from the standpoint of Euclidean geometry, or the laws of quantum mechanics based on the Newton laws. These are different worlds, different set of coordinates, with fundamentally different laws effective therein.

Learning Theory Debate In The Perspective Of Behaviorism, Cognitivism, And Constructivism In Learning Practice

In reality, there is a hard debate among instructional practical applies behaviorism learning theory approach, instructional practical apply cognitivism and constructivism learning theory approach until nowadays. The implication of instructional practical becomes extreme and exclusive opinion for followers. They are Instructional practitioners, developers, and scientists that support one approach or another, or apply alternative ways. Some instructional experts have the opinion that behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism can’t be integrated or mixed because behaviorism is different from cognitivism or constructivism. Applying those theories as one unit integrated is a big mistake. But, so there is the instructional expert who has the opposite opinion, that describes the third of learning theories as one unit that can be integrated, and able to apply in one instructional practically, as learning event is a complex process that needs multiply perspective approach. Which one of the learning theories can be applied in the instructional effectively, efficiently, and interestingly. This article is going to analyze comprehensively the different perspectives of learning theory and how to determine the exact teaching approach in the instructional practice.

India-Pakistan Water Relations: A Theoretical Perspective

Hydro politics is an important dimension of India Pakistan relations, overshadowed mainly by strategic issues between both states. Even the discussion on water issues is more focused on technical issues. However, the main question that arises is: Is hydro politics between India and Pakistan a problem of perceptions (intentions) or it forms part of overall strategic rivalry between both states? This paper discusses India-Pakistan water relations from the theoretical perspectives of (neo) realism, (neo) liberalism, constructivism, and human security school of thought. It argues that, like in general India-Pakistan political relations, it is realism/ neo-realism which still reigns supreme in explaining India-Pakistan hydro politics as well. It argues that in the wake of the Cold War, different theories emerged which undermined the traditional approaches and perspectives of realism and liberalism. These new theoretical traditions were also employed in explaining India-Pakistan political as well water relations. However, due to the competitive security of the region of South Asia in general and India-Pakistan’s security dilemma in particular, the theoretical perspectives of (neo) liberalism, constructivism, and human security fall short in theorizing India-Pakistan water relations. To answer the question posed earlier, this paper has mostly analyzed the available literature, both theoretical and related to hydro politics, to construct the argument. Therefore, this paper concludes that instead of employing (neo) liberalism, constructivism, and human security, it is realism/ neo-realism which still reigns supreme in explaining India-Pakistan political as well as water relations.