This study aims to describe the personality of the main character, Waleka, in Pasola, a novel by Maria Matildis Banda, through the lens of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. This theory emphasizes three structures of personality, id, ego, and superego which dynamically interact in shaping human behavior. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a reading-and-note-taking technique. The primary data source is the novel Pasola by Maria Matildis Banda, while secondary sources consist of relevant books, journals, and previous studies. The findings reveal that Waleka’s personality is predominantly influenced by the id aspect, manifested in his desires for power, polygamy, and the preservation of social prestige. The ego aspect is reflected in his efforts to adapt to the social environment through rational justifications of his actions, whereas the superego emerges in the form of guilt and remorse for past mistakes. These three aspects interact to form a complex personality dynamic, illustrating an inner conflict between instinctual drives, moral awareness, and sociocultural pressures within the main character.

Mental health is an important foundation in shaping the quality of human life because it affects mindset, emotional stability, behavioral control, and social abilities. This research aims to examine the concept of mental health in an Islamic perspective through the framework of Islamic Educational Psychology (PPI) and explore its implications for the development of Muslim personality. The research method uses a qualitative approach based on conceptual analysis and literature studies by referring to primary sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, as well as the thought of classical and contemporary scholars, as well as secondary sources from scientific articles and academic literature. The results of the study show four main points: (1) mental health in Islam is holistic and theocentric, namely spiritual, emotional, moral, and social balance centered on a relationship with Allah; (2) the Islamic personality structure of al-fitrah, al-nafs, al-qalb, and al-'aql became the foundation of mental health diagnostics; (3) Tazkiyah al-Nafs has been proven to be effective as a model of preventive, curative, and developmental psychospiritual therapy; and (4) the values of monotheism, ihsan, patience, and tawakal act as a spiritual coping mechanism that strengthens psychological resilience. These findings confirm that Islamic Educational Psychology has a comprehensive contribution to fostering mental health, especially in the educational environment, through an approach that balances intellectual, emotional, and spiritual aspects to produce civilized, resilient, and noble personalities of Muslims.

This study examines the personality structure and defense mechanisms of the main character in the novel Tatkala Leukemia Meretas Cinta using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The novel was chosen because it vividly portrays psychological conflicts experienced by the main character when faced with a profoundly painful reality. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach. The data consist of narrative and dialogue excerpts that reflect the psychological aspects of the main character. Data collection was conducted through library research by reading and analyzing the novel in depth. The findings were then interpreted using Freud’s concepts of the id, ego, and superego, as well as defense mechanism theory. The results show that the main character’s personality structure consists of the id, dominated by emotional impulses such as anxiety, fear, and the need for self-preservation; the ego, which mediates rational decision-making; and the superego, which guides moral and spiritual values. The character employs six defense mechanisms repression, sublimation, rationalization, displacement, reaction formation, and regression to cope with psychological distress arising from life’s hardships. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of psychological representation in Indonesian literature and serves as a reference for future studies exploring the intersection between literature and psychology, particularly in examining how individuals confront trauma through psychological defense mechanisms.

The article aims to outline the programme and methodology of experimental and phonetic research of a person’s speech in argument situations and highlight the interplay of lexical-syntactic, prosodic, and nonverbal means in the speech of an English-speaking person in argument scenarios. Given the interdisciplinary scope of the study, which encompasses psychology, linguistics, and sociology, the author puts forward a comprehensive algorithmic program was developed and substantiated for the experimental and phonetic analysis of individuals’ speech during argument. The programme comprises a sequential analysis of the interaction of the utterance verbal and non-verbal means and involves seven stages required for a comprehensive description of communicative behaviour of various personality types. Within the framework of the research methodology: a representative corpus of material was compiled; the procedures for auditory analysis, conducted by both auditors-informant and auditors-phoneticians, were outlined, enabling a comprehensive assessment of linguistic and extralinguistic markers of the communicative behaviour of various personality types; the methodology applied for the acoustic analysis was specified, with particular attention to the identification of invariant and variable features that define the speaker’s communicative profile. The author of the article provides an analysis of a narcissistic personality's speech, complemented by a graphical representation of the prosodic structure and an interpretation of the intonation patterns. The analysis indicates that a person’s personality structure greatly impacts the choice of linguistic and non-linguistic means employed in communication. The prosodic, lexical-grammatical, and nonverbal characteristics of an utterance can themselves function as indicators of the communicant’s personality type. The author advances the idea that prosodic, lexical-grammatical, and nonverbal characteristics of an utterance can reveal the speaker’s personality type involved in communication. The findings of the analysis indicate that an individual should be viewed as a multidimensional communicative agent who actualizes personal interactional models through a complex interplay of lexical, pragmatic, syntactic, and prosodic parameters. The author seeks to highlight that parameters, outlined in the paper, reflect the specific features of the speaker’s psychological constitution and give rise to pre-determined, type-specific patterns of communicative behaviour.

Over the last few decades, the theory and clinical intervention model of William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn (1889-1964) has become widely known throughout the world. Argentina stands out as one of the countries where its influence has been particularly strong. In this work, the author reconstructs the main stages of the contribution made by the exponents of the Argentine Psychoanalytic Association to Fairbairn’s work, focusing particularly on José Bleger (1922-1972). In fact, the original theoretical model of this Author, with its concepts of “glischro-charged position”, of “agglutinated nucleus” and of the “psychotic part of personality”, may be closely related, through the concept of “schizoid splitting” commonly used by both of these authors, to the model of the “endopsychic structure” proposed by Fairbairn, to the point that it can now be considered as a logical and clinical premise essential for a more complete and coherent psychoanalytic conception of the processes involved in the structuring of human personality.

Forensic psychological assessment demands a comprehensive, scientifically grounded approach capable of capturing both explicit behavior and implicit psychological dynamics. This article explores the role of formalized handwriting analysis as a structured projective method that complements traditional tools within a multimodal forensic framework. The approach relies on standardized definitions, measurable handwriting parameters, and statistical modeling to translate observable motor patterns into psychologically meaningful indicators. By focusing on measurable or at least quantitatively assessed handwriting features, such as spatial layout, pressure, speed, form, rhythm, and variability, the method provides access to implicit emotional and cognitive dynamics that are often inaccessible through self-report or structured testing. Its unobtrusive and natural character makes it particularly effective in forensic contexts, where examinees may consciously attempt to regulate or distort self-presentation. Although empirical validation remains an ongoing process, each application contributes to the refinement and confirmation of model reliability. Case-based analyses demonstrate that handwriting indicators can align meaningfully with expert psychological judgments and behavioral observations, while occasional discrepancies help refine interpretation and promote diagnostic caution. Through methodological triangulation, this approach supports the integration of implicit and explicit data, enhancing both the depth and the objectivity of forensic conclusions. Formalized handwriting analysis, when applied within a multimethod design, supported by AI-methods and interpreted by qualified professionals, offers an additional layer of insight into personality structure and behavioral regulation. Its systematic and transparent use reinforces the scientific validity and legal defensibility of expert psychological evaluations, contributing to more comprehensive and credible forensic assessments.

Background: the combined form of psychopathologic diathesis is a special personality structure, capable to transform into various manifest forms of psychiatric disorders. The main neurophysiological features of this form of diathesis are explored in Part 1 of study [1]. The aim of study is to determine the neurofunctional basis underlying the clinical phenomenology of the indicated form of psychiatric diathesis. Participants and Methods: 2433 students (mean age 21.1 ± 3.9 yrs) were examined. Two main groups of 74 and 107 students were formed on the basis of the Abraham-Ferenczi-Szondi theory, each of them including a certain variant of the combined form of psychopathological diathesis. EEG recordings of 330 subjects (mean age 21.3 ± 3.7) from the normative HBI Database were used as a control group (CG). The 2d part of the study of neurophysiological features of persons with a combined form of psychopathological diathesis (identity integration disorder, IID) by estimating the spectral power of EEG rhythms is devoted to the comparative evaluation of the obtained data with the indicators of neurofunctioning of persons with various psychiatric disorders known from the literature. The features of bioelectrical activity of persons with IID and patients with organic mental disorders, psychopathology of schizophrenic and affective circle, neurotic and personality disorders are compared. Similarities and differences of brain functioning in the selected groups are demonstrated, and clinical and phenomenological analysis of the interpretation of the obtained comparative characteristics is performed. Conclusion: prospects for further research of interdisciplinary nature are illustrated, opening up broad possibilities of using modern technologies of studying the indicators of neurofunctioning in the diagnostic search.

This paper employs Sigmund Freud's tripartite model of personality structure comprising the id, ego, and superego as an analytical framework to conduct a systematic psychological interpretation of Winston Smith in George Orwell’s 1984. Using psychoanalytic literary criticism and close reading, the study analyzes the manifestations and dynamic conflicts among these three psychic instances within Winston Smith, revealing the mechanism by which totalitarianism devastates individual psychology. The study finds that the totalitarian rule of Oceania systematically suppresses the primitive desires of the Id, dismantles the reality-adapting function of the Ego and reconstructs the moral standards of the Superego. The study concludes that the ultimate tragedy of 1984 is not merely physical oppression but the systematic deconstruction and pathological remolding of the autonomous human psyche, demonstrating that the regime’s most profound violence is its capacity to colonize the soul. This Freudian reading offers a specific psychological lens to understand the novel’s enduring warning about the internal consequences of totalitarian control.

In the wild, individuals consistently differ in movement and space use behaviours, depending on their personality. This variation can lead to personality–habitat associations and spatial structuring, potentially generating individual niche segregation. We explored the link between personality and landscape composition and structure in a population of free‐ranging roe deer Capreolus capreolus , predicting that 1) individuals with similar movement tactics would occupy similar ecological niches, which should result in 2) the spatial clustering of personalities in heterogeneous landscapes with personality‐alike individuals being closer to each other in space than by chance. Using GPS and activity data from 263 roe deer, we calculated five movement‐based personality traits. We evaluated the association between movement phenotypes and habitat by comparing the among‐individual similarity in movement behaviour to their similarity in home range composition and structure. Additionally, we conducted spatially‐explicit analyses to quantify the spatial clustering of these traits. Our results reveal that individuals with similar daytime use of open habitats, an indicator of boldness, occupy the same ecological niche with respect to woodland availability and habitat homogeneity, leading to strong spatial clustering in this trait. In contrast, home range size, average movement speed and road diurnality (i.e. an individual's propensity to get closer to a road during daytime), were spatially structured only at a small‐scale. Additionally, we found no spatial structure in activity level, and neither activity nor road diurnality were associated with landscape composition and structure. Matching movement‐based personality traits with landscape features revealed spatial clustering of personalities. This non‐random distribution could have implications for managing wild ungulate populations, segregating ecosystem services (e.g. nutrient fluxes) and disservices (e.g. road collisions) across the landscape.

Given the demanding nature of teacher education, understanding how resilience relates to academic success and social adaptation is crucial. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resilience and academic achievement and to determine whether this relationship varies based on the personality/mental health profile of future teachers. A total of 793 university students enrolled in teacher training programs participated in this study. Data were collected via validated questionnaires measuring resilience (CD-RISC-25) with 5-factor solution including (1) Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships, (2) Trust in one's instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress, (3) Personal competence, high standards, and tenacity, (4) Control, and (5) Spiritual influences (entered as explanatory or predictor variables in regression models); academic achievement (AAQ) with (1) Study performance, (2) Coping with study demands and (3) Social adaptation domains (treated as dependent variables); personality traits (TIPI) covering Big Five traits (as input for cluster analysis); and mental health indicators (PHQ-4) including depression and anxiety (as input for cluster analysis). Analyses were associative and exploratory; terms such as 'predictor' denote statistical prediction, not causation. First, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine the overall association between resilience and academic achievement. Next, these associations were tested in groups with different personality/mental health profiles (based on cluster analysis). The findings of the whole sample analysis revealed that resilience was significantly associated with coping with study demands and social adaptation, accounting for ~ 21% and 30% of the variance in those outcomes, respectively. In particular, Personal Competence, High Standards, and Tenacity (PCHST) and Positive Acceptance of Change and Secure Relationships (PACSR) were found to show the strongest association. In contrast, resilience did not manifest direct association with academic performance. Subsequent subgroup analysis showed that relationship between resilience and academic achievement remained consistent across different personality or mental health profiles, suggesting relevance across personality/mental-health profiles. The cross-sectional findings indicate that resilience is significantly related to the academic achievement of future teachers, and this relationship is independent of their personality structure and mental health issues. These findings underscore the potential importance of resilience in enhancing coping mechanisms and social integration among future teachers. Teacher training programs may consider incorporating resilience-building strategies to support students in managing academic stress and fostering professional preparedness.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal conflict experienced by the main character in the children's literature work “Pinkalicious” by Victoria Kann and Elizabeth Kann. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the self-defense mechanisms, specifically denial and rationalization attitudes, of the main character, Pinkalicious, when facing problems through the lens of Sigmund Freud's psychological personality theory. Then, the research method employed in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data obtained in this study came from the short story “Pinkalicious” by Victoria Kann and Elizabeth Kann, in the form of quotations and dialogues, which reveal the personality structure of the main character, Pinkalicious. Regarding the results of this study, the Id and Ego structures control the Pinkalicious character's attitude in everyday life. However, the superego can reduce the attitudes of the id and ego, which makes Pinkalicious a little loosened. As a result, the form of self-defense mechanisms carried out by the main character, Pinkalicious, only focuses on denial and rationalization. Therefore, this greatly influences the personality of the main character, Pinkalicious, in terms of decision-making.

Aim of this review was to evaluate management of PNES from neurological and psychiatric perspective. Results: Management of PNES is interdisciplinary. The first treatment phase in PNES should be engaging patients into treatment, which is often challenging. There are several psychopathological dimensions particularly important vulnerable to develop PNES including endogenous anxiety, avoidance behaviour, dissociation, non-dissociative post-traumatic stress, abuse, interpersonal dynamics, personality structure and society and family factors. Early correct diagnosis can help patients promptly receive the treatment they need and prevent common iatrogenic complications that may occur if the condition continues to be misdiagnosed and mistreated. Conclusion: Although evidence is mixed for the treatment of PNES, psychotherapeutic modalities remain a powerful instrument to help patients and reduce seizures. A multidisciplinary, holistic approach is significant. It is important to aim to improve quality with specific treatment. For patients refractory to all possible treatments further investigation should be performed.Keywords: psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, epilepsy, psychotropic medications, psychotherapeutic modalities

This article employs Judith Lewis Herman’s Trauma and Recovery Theory as a framework to explore the theme of female trauma in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a play renowned for its intricate psychological depth. It analyzes the traumatic events experienced by the pivotal female characters, Queen Gertrude and Ophelia, examining their traumas, with specific focus on Gertrude’s inner struggles regarding remarriage and Ophelia’s trauma stemming from political manipulation and her lover’s betrayal. Symptoms such as hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction observed in the female characters are scrutinized, as are the recovery efforts of both characters, in particular, Gertrude’s quest for stability and efforts at reconnection with Hamlet, as well as Ophelia’s remembrance and mourning process. Through close textual analysis and engagement with contemporary trauma scholarship, this article demonstrates that Shakespeare’s portrayal of female suffering offers nuanced insights into the interplay between personal trauma and social structures, while highlighting the limitations imposed on female recovery in a patriarchal context.

Comprising a significant portion of the Australian population (35.5% according to (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2024), migrants often navigate complex socio-professional landscapes. This autoethnographic reflection explores the transformative journey of an educator who migrated from India two decades ago as a skilled professional. Utilising Activity Theory (AT) as a conceptual framework, this paper delineates the major milestones, challenges, and instrumental mediations that have shaped the author's trajectory in the Australian higher education sector. By foregrounding the interplay of personal agency, systemic structures, and cultural dynamics, this account provides concrete examples of how initial hurdles were leveraged as catalysts for growth and the development of a nuanced professional identity. The paper draws upon retrospective journal entries and contemporary reflections to illuminate the multifaceted nature of migration beyond purely economic considerations, culminating in insights pertinent to future migrant educators and a connection to emerging research on systemic biases.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of antonymic oppositions in contemporary poetic discourse. Antonymy is qualified as a key mechanism for creating contrast, which reflects the deep patterns of human thinking and artistic representation of the world. It has been proven that antonymic pairs not only serve as linguistic markers of opposition but also function as mental coordinates through which a person structures information, interprets phenomena of reality, and shapes a system of values. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of lexical oppositions as a form of artistic reflection of the objective world in contemporary Ukrainian poetry. The study analyzes different types of antonymy: standard (usual), contextual, cognate (derivational), occasional, symmetrical, and asymmetrical. It focuses on the fact that antonymy in poetic discourse is not limited to the function of logical opposition but also manifests as a means of highlighting inner psychological states, reflecting moral dilemmas, enhancing expressiveness, and creating aphoristic resonance. It is clarified that antonymic constructions contribute to the creation of multilayered imagery, emphasize the dialectical nature of the artistic world, and form cognitive scenarios in the reader’s mind that stimulate reflection and emotional involvement. Special attention is paid to contextual antonyms, which are formed directly in the text and do not have fixed opposite meanings in dictionaries. These oppositions are realized only within the artistic fabric of the work and serve as an effective means of breaking stereotypical dichotomies and creating new semantic paradigms. It is emphasized that antonymy acts as a powerful tool for artistic modeling of the world; it allows authors to reveal the multidimensionality of reality, highlight social and moral issues, and outline the inner contradictions of the human being. The pragmatic features of antonymy are analyzed, as well as its ability to influence the reader, shape convincing meanings, and emphasize the polarity of evaluations. The obtained results expand the understanding of poetic discourse and open perspectives for further interdisciplinary studies at the intersection of linguistics, cognitive science, and cultural studies.

Personality traits significantly influence health-related behaviors, communication, and adherence to treatment. While personality-based approaches are increasingly utilized in psychological and medical fields, their integration into dentistry remains limited. The Enneagram model, which categorizes individuals into nine personality types based on motivation, fear, and behavioral patterns, may offer a novel framework for understanding both patient and clinician behaviors in dental practice. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence linking Enneagram personality types with health-related behaviors and to explore their potential impact on communication, compliance, and treatment outcomes in dentistry. A secondary focus is placed on how dentists’ own personality structures may shape the therapeutic relationship. An interdisciplinary narrative approach was adopted, integrating psychological theory and clinical dental experience. Relevant literature was reviewed to evaluate associations between personality types, emotional regulation, and adherence patterns, with particular attention to implications for dental care communication. Enneagram types demonstrate distinct behavioral and emotional tendencies that can influence oral health practices, treatment cooperation, and clinical communication. For example, Type 1 (The Reformer) may exhibit strong adherence due to conscientiousness, whereas Type 7 (The Enthusiast) may struggle with routine care. Similarly, dentists’ personality profiles can modulate patient interactions; for instance, authoritarian tendencies may hinder rapport with dominant patients. Personalized communication strategies aligned with patients’ Enneagram profiles may therefore enhance trust and adherence. The Enneagram model provides a promising framework for predicting patient behavior and optimizing dentist–patient communication. However, clinical application is limited by the lack of brief, valid assessment tools suitable for healthcare settings. Future studies should empirically test whether Enneagram-informed communication improves dental adherence and outcomes. Collaboration between psychologists and dental professionals is essential to develop integrated, personality-aware care models.

Endometriosis is a highly prevalent and often painful gynecological condition that can emerge in adolescence and can be experienced throughout a person’s lifetime. This cross-sectional investigation performed structural brain imaging and a battery of psychological and clinical tests on persons from adolescence (lowest age=12) to adulthood (highest age=44) with surgically confirmed endometriosis (SCE; n = 43) and persons never diagnosed with endometriosis and without report of pelvic pain (NDE; n = 26) to understand the impact of endometriosis associated pain on brain health. We observed an interaction wherein cortical thickness in the right superior frontal gyrus was negatively associated with age only in persons with SCE. A comparison of brain volumes demonstrated lower volume in the SCE group in the fusiform gyrus (left hemisphere) and lateral occipital cortex (right hemisphere). More research is required at the level of brain circuitry to understand the impact of endometriosis associated pain on the early and developed brain.

This study developed and validated an instrument to assess the personality masks of mothers of young children, addressing a gap in the developmental psychology. Using a mixed-methods approach grounded in Carl Jung’s theory of persona, we collected data from 486 mothers in two-parent families in China’s Z region. The research involved three phases: scale development via open-ended questionnaires, which identified a three-dimensional structure of the maternal personality mask (Collective Ideals, Personal Ideals, and Physical/Mental Qualities); confirmatory factor analysis, which validated the model with excellent fit indices; and an implicit memory experiment, which explored the unconscious expression of these dimensions. Results showed significant correlations between the mask dimensions and various parenting behaviors, accounting for notable variance in parenting outcomes. These findings suggest that the personality mask is a valuable construct for understanding maternal behavior, and supporting balanced psychological adaptation in mothers may improve parenting effectiveness. The study provides a practical tool for future research and intervention, while also highlighting the need for further studies with greater cultural diversity and ecological validity.

Critical Discourse Analysis allows this study to investigate the language structures which develop self-society conflicts in Angie Thomas' The Hate U Give novel. The research examines selected passages from the novel to trace how the protagonist moves between competing social environments while allowing readers to take note of both social oppression and system-generated power structures. The research design combines qualitative methods to examine six major discursive techniques including lexicalization, polarization, actor description, victimization, modality, and metaphor which demonstrate both oppressive language functions and resistant linguistic use. Evidence shows that six discourse techniques display systematic methods for revealing ideological systems which constitute portrayals of identity conflict and justice. The analysis demonstrates how the novel intentionally opposes established group relationships by making the underprivileged Black community the basic in-group while it contests mainstream language patterns used to privilege white views. Through speech acquisition the protagonist illustrates the widespread community opposition which emerges against oppressive systems of power. Through this study discourse studies gain additional understanding because van Dijk's theoretical background reveals the specific text-based methods which literature uses to question prevailing power systems. This research demonstrate how particular discursive techniques establish and handle conflicts between personal identity and social structures to show the counter-discursive ability of present-day young adult literature in opposing official representations about identity conflicts and justice structures. These results lead to important consequences for analyzing literature as well as methods in critical discourse analysis and instructional approaches that deal with social justice narratives.

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <strong>Context and relevance.</strong> The study is devoted to the study of the factors of the application of moral prohibition in ethically loaded situations. The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient study of the interaction of personal characteristics and parameters of the situation in the application of moral prohibition, as well as its practical significance for the development of training programs for university students to make morally relevant decisions, taking into account the contextual specifics of moral choice. <strong>Objective</strong>. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which personal characteristics contribute to the imperative, completeness, reasonableness, and consistency of applying moral prohibitions, considering variations in context and the focus of the moral agent's actions. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> Sample: 195 students (M age = 20,02, SD = 1,34). The author's situational methodology is applied, which models realistic scenarios of the application of prohibition in different subject contexts (legal, medical, everyday) with an egocentric (the student acted as a moral agent himself) and an allocentric (the application of prohibition from the perspective of Another, anonymous moral agent) focus of action. Personal characteristics were measured by a selected package of diagnostic techniques. The main method of analysis is regression analysis. <strong>Results.</strong> It has been established that: a) the predictive effect of personal characteristics manifested itself in the medical context and in situations with an egocentric focus of action; b) for the same criteria of moral prohibition, different personal predictors were identified in different contexts; c) the ethical position and sociomoral reflection that are already ingrained in the structure of students' moral personality make the greatest contribution to the application of moral prohibition. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The subject context of an ethically loaded situation can both negate the role of personal characteristics in mediating the application of a moral prohibition, and, on the contrary, strengthen it. The data obtained in this study may be important for changing the university's educational environment through the application of research practices aimed at identifying predictors of morally relevant decisions.</p>