While numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of AI in language education, the research examining its effectiveness through the lens of personality factors remains limited. Individual personality traits shaping how learners perceive and utilize technology play a critical role in AI-based learning outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between personality traits and AI efficacy in Arabic language learning, framed within the Big Five Personality Traits model (extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Through a qualitative survey approach, the data were collected from 27 university students with prior Arabic learning experience (2–4 years) and AI familiarity. Participants included 26 students (96.3%) from pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) and 1 student (3.7%) from a madrasah, all of whom completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of AI’s role in learning across personality dimensions. Findings reveal that AI enhances learning comfort, adapts to diverse styles, improves grammatical and lexical mastery, and boosts motivation while fostering traits like independence, diligence, and creativity. However, its effectiveness depends on users’ digital literacy, intrinsic motivation, and capacity for reflective learning. The study highlighted the necessity of personalized AI integration in language education, emphasizing adaptive pedagogical support to address individual differences. These insights contributed to the discourse on AI-driven education by bridging personality psychology with technology-enhanced learning, offering practical implications for designing inclusive and effective AI tools in higher education.

The relationship between universal psychological foundations and individual developmental trajectories remains a central challenge in contemporary psychology and social sciences. While species-level traits such as empathy, cooperation, and cognitive flexibility are widely recognized as evolutionary universals, the mechanisms through which these shared predispositions are transformed into socially situated forms of individuality remain insufficiently conceptualized. This article proposes social thinking as a key mediating mechanism between species-level traits and individual development within sociocultural contexts. Social thinking is conceptualized as an integrative and reflexive capacity that enables individuals to interpret social reality, navigate normative expectations, and position themselves meaningfully within relational and institutional systems. Drawing on evolutionary psychology, sociocultural theory, personality psychology, and narrative approaches, the article demonstrates how social thinking translates universal psychological potentials into individualized developmental trajectories. Particular attention is given to the role of cultural norms, institutional recognition, and contextual plasticity in shaping diverse forms of social thinking, including both visible and quiet modes of social presence. The proposed framework contributes to integrative models of personality development and offers implications for education, talent development, and psychosocial support systems by highlighting social thinking as a core developmental resource that sustains both personal distinctiveness and social embeddedness.

The article describes the most important components of ethical psychology, such as spirituality, conscience, and faith. Ethical psychology combines ethics, the science of morality, and psychology of personality. The basic concepts of ethical psychology are “good” and “evil”. The concepts of good and evil are revealed based on non-religious and religious understanding. Definitions of spirituality, conscience, and faith are given. The importance of considering in psychology not only non-religious, but also religious spirituality is emphasized. The general psychological content of the concepts of “spirituality” and “faith” is shown, as well as their description in a religious context, and the spiritual nature of conscience is noted. The difference between non-religious and religious faith is revealed. It is concluded that the components of ethical psychology – spirituality, conscience and faith – are closely related, reflecting the highest level of human development as a personality, and that spirituality, non-religious and religious, serves as the basis and cements the manifestation of both conscience and faith.

Background: Termination of pregnancy is a major life event and can even be a traumatic experience. A woman who undergoes a termination of pregnancy loses not only her fetus but also her dreams and plans for her child. This can cause disturbances in a person's psychology, and one of them is in the form of anxiety.Objective: To study and determine the anxiety and acceptance of grief in pregnant women who are about to terminate their pregnancy.Method: Serial case reports of two cases of pregnant women with congenital abnormalities who are about to terminate their pregnancy. Interviews were conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic at Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar related to the mental condition experienced before the termination of pregnancy and how the social support received by the patient. Both anxiety measurements were carried out using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaires.Results and Discussion: The two pregnant women with termination plans at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic at Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar experiences anxiety although it cannot be categorized as severe anxiety. In facing termination, the two patients also experienced difficulties in accepting grief which improved along with the provision of education and assistance from the medical team. For clients and families, the experience of abortion can be a separate stressor that is very influential both physically and psychologically for the client. The choice to undergo termination of pregnancy (both voluntary and therapeutic) is highly personal and complex for the woman and her partner because many factors are involved in the decision-making process. Performing therapeutic termination of pregnancy is very personal and several demographic and reproductive factors can contribute. Women who undergo termination of pregnancy have a higher risk of developing mental disorders.Conclusion: Termination of pregnancy is a difficult process. This process can cause several mental disorders such as anxiety disorders in pregnant women who are about to terminate. In the decision-making process, the pregnancy termination team must consider all aspects, both psychological and cultural, that are adhered to by the patient.

Basic education is a benchmark for building citizens and is made up of the interaction of different actors, among which the manager has the mission of mediating this series of relationships and making decisions. Faced with the complexity of managing an educational institution, this study aimed to understand the sensemaking process in decision-making in the educational management of private institutions in a Sergipe city. The research methodology was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, with the application of a semi-structured interview and a psychological personality test, in a study of multiple cases. It can be concluded that personal experiences, personality and emotional aspects exert a strong influence on the way in which managers create meaning and make their decisions and; that decisions do not always occur in a structured way. The study contributes to the understanding of decision-making in educational management under a subjective emphasis and oriented towards the relationships and meanings of management.

The presented research is aimed at identifying the study and relationship between anxiety levels and character accentuations in representatives of various specialties. During the study, the features of the relationship between spiritual psychological aspects and the specifics of the activities of managers were identified. The relevance of the topic is explained by the importance of the direction of studying the distinctive features of the employee’s personality in labor psychology; such an in-depth approach allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of adaptation to professional stress, to determine behavior patterns in specific situations, and to develop effective methods aimed at maintaining the mental health of employees.

The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroticism has gained increasing scholarly attention, influencing domains such as mental health, human–computer interaction, and AI-driven behavioural analysis. Despite growing research, there is limited synthesis of trends, influential contributors, and emerging themes in this field. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of AI applications in neuroticism research. The study draws on personality psychology and bibliometric theory to map the intellectual landscape. Concepts such as trait neuroticism, AI-driven behavioural modelling, and thematic clustering underpin the analysis. Bibliometric approaches – including co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrence – provide the framework to examine research development and collaboration patterns. A systematic bibliometric analysis was conducted on 321 Scopus-indexed articles. Data were analysed using co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation analysis, thematic clustering, and bibliographic coupling. The study identified key authors, institutions, journals, citation patterns, and thematic clusters, covering research from 2015 to 2025. Eight major thematic clusters were identified, including AI-driven personality assessment, social media behaviour, trust in AI, and emotion recognition. The USA and China emerged as the most prolific contributors, with the University of Pennsylvania leading in institutional productivity. Computers in Human Behaviour and Frontiers in Psychology were the most influential journals. The findings highlight gaps in AI-driven psychological interventions, ethical considerations, and cross-cultural studies. Future research should focus on deep learning techniques for personality modelling, human–AI trust dynamics, and integrating AI into psychological assessments. This bibliometric mapping provides a roadmap to guide interdisciplinary research at the intersection of AI and personality psychology.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal conflict experienced by the main character in the children's literature work “Pinkalicious” by Victoria Kann and Elizabeth Kann. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the self-defense mechanisms, specifically denial and rationalization attitudes, of the main character, Pinkalicious, when facing problems through the lens of Sigmund Freud's psychological personality theory. Then, the research method employed in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data obtained in this study came from the short story “Pinkalicious” by Victoria Kann and Elizabeth Kann, in the form of quotations and dialogues, which reveal the personality structure of the main character, Pinkalicious. Regarding the results of this study, the Id and Ego structures control the Pinkalicious character's attitude in everyday life. However, the superego can reduce the attitudes of the id and ego, which makes Pinkalicious a little loosened. As a result, the form of self-defense mechanisms carried out by the main character, Pinkalicious, only focuses on denial and rationalization. Therefore, this greatly influences the personality of the main character, Pinkalicious, in terms of decision-making.

In high-contact service industries, waiting is a critical moment that often triggers negative customer emotions. Research shows that it is not the actual duration of waiting but how customers interpret the cause that shapes their emotional and behavioral responses. When delays are seen as systemic or unavoidable, customers remain relatively calm; when attributed to employee indifference or negligence, anger and complaints become more likely. This suggests individual traits may influence attribution patterns. This study focuses on patience as a personality trait to examine its role in shaping customers hostile attributions. Patience involves emotional regulation and tolerance for delay and is linked to positive emotions, satisfaction, and well-being. Using a nationally representative sample, 1,179 individuals were surveyed, yielding 689 valid responses. Results indicate that patience enhances perceived service quality and overall satisfaction but does not directly reduce hostile attribution toward service staff. Service quality and satisfaction do not mediate this relationship. However, impulsiveness significantly moderates the link between satisfaction and hostility: dissatisfied customers high in impulsiveness are more likely to view delays as intentional misconduct. Overall, the findings suggest that hostile attribution is driven more by cognitive evaluation than emotional stability. While patience improves subjective service experiences, it does not alter interpretations of service providers intentions. This study contributes to service management and personality psychology by highlighting how individual traits shape customer reactions.

Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of the present study was to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately. Variables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety and depression; antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis-à-vis basic personality trait profiles. We found that, overall, experts were poor at predicting residualized correlations. Factors such as the intercorrelations among the variables and the magnitude of change in the variables' nomological nets following partialing impacted experts' accuracy. Suggestions regarding the use of this questionable measurement practice are discussed.

A discourse on the use of machine learning (ML) in personality psychology: Can we expect ML to predict questionnaire scores from idiographic text-based data?

The HEXACO model describes human personality through six major domains, each one further specified by four facets. Honesty-Humility is a key component of the model, and subsumes facets sincerity, fairness, modesty, and greed-avoidance. Although established and comprehensive measurement tools of HEXACO traits and facets through sentence items exist, a comprehensive assessment of Honesty-Humility through adjectives has not yet been developed. We present a novel instrument, the Adjective Checklist of Honesty (ACH), designed to enhance the assessment of Honesty by incorporating lexical descriptors of its facets, developed using a systematic approach. In Study 1, we identified a broad set of potential descriptors of Honesty-Humility facets, and refined it through independent raters to identify candidate items. In Study 2 ( N = 266), we examined the factorial structure of the candidate items and developed the final 22-item version of the ACH. In Study 3 ( N = 300), we confirmed the factorial structure of the shortened ACH questionnaire and collected validity evidence for the new scale. Our studies have important implications for the assessment of Honesty-Humility, shed light on the relationships between Honesty-Humility and truthfulness and, more generally, showcase the importance of a systematic approach in constructing assessment scales in personality psychology.

Background: Personality psychology is shaped by both cultural and religious influences. While often intertwined, the distinct conceptual foundations of cultural personality (arising from shared societal norms and ecological pressures) and religious personality (stemming from individual beliefs, practices, and doctrinal adherence) require clearer delineation to avoid conflation in research and practice. Objective: This paper aims to systematically contrast cultural personality with religious personality by synthesizing empirical findings and proposing conceptual distinctions, with the goal of clarifying their unique and overlapping influences on individual differences. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted, drawing from peer-reviewed articles, books, and empirical studies identified through database searches. The analysis focused on recent publications (post-2010) utilizing validated personality models and religiosity measurements to extract and compare thematic content, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches. Findings: The review confirms that cultural and religious personality are related yet distinct constructs. Cultural personality operates primarily at a population level, shaping broad trait distributions (e.g., collectivism promoting agreeableness). Religious personality functions at the individual level, showing consistent, albeit modest, associations with traits like Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. While religion often acts as a cultural subsystem, the two diverge in their primary causal mechanisms—cultural personality from ecological and institutional pressures, and religious personality from doctrinal learning and existential concerns. Conclusion: Cultural and religious personalities represent different levels of explanation and are driven by distinct mechanisms. An integrated yet differentiated understanding is crucial for accurate psychological assessment and theory. Implication: Recognizing this distinction is vital for cross-cultural research, clinical practice, and organizational policy, as it prevents misattribution of behavior and allows for more nuanced interventions that respect the separate influences of cultural context and religious identity.

The present study examines the effect of the Dark Triad personality traits (i.e. Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) on athletes' luxury consumption intentions, focusing particularly on the mediating role of the desire to be liked. The research draws on conspicuous consumption theory to explore how socially undesirable personality traits drive individuals to seek prestige and social approval through luxury consumption. A total of 358 active athletes in Turkey were the subjects of the study, which was conducted using purposive sampling. The data were analysed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The findings indicate that narcissism and psychopathy exert a substantial influence on luxury consumption, operating through the desire to be liked. In contrast, Machiavellianism does not demonstrate a significant indirect effect. The results of this study demonstrate the unique psychological mechanisms through which each trait of the Dark Triad influences consumer behaviour. The present study contributes to the existing literature by offering a novel perspective on the intersection of personality psychology, sports, and luxury consumption. Furthermore, it provides practical implications for marketers, brand managers, and sports psychologists. This study reveals that athletes’ luxury consumption is driven not only by personal gratification but also by the pursuit of social approval and visibility. These findings offer practical insights for marketing professionals, sports managers, and psychologists to develop more psychologically attuned branding, sponsorship, and athlete support strategies.

This passage examines how the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) influences policy implementation, focusing on the mediating role of cognitive styles and adaptive strategies. In recent years, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has attained unprecedented global popularity, transcending the boundaries of professional fields and social contexts. It is developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine Cook Briggs based on Jung's theory of psychological types. Building on Jungs foundational framework, their work transformed it into a practical, accessible toolone designed to systematically categorize and explain the nuanced variations in individual personalities. Its widespread adoption is evident across diverse domains. Through formal studies, it can be concluded that S-type individuals, with detail-oriented cognitive styles, tend to enforce policies rigidly, while N-type individuals, favoring holistic thinking, are more innovative. Connected with the "ambiguity-conflict" model, further patterns emerge: J-type personalities excel more in low-ambiguity, structured policy environments, whereas P-type personalities perform better in flexible, experimental settings. These MBTI-related differences collectively give rise to biases in policy implementation. This research enriches policy implementation literature by integrating personality psychology, offering insights for aligning individual traits with policy demands to optimize execution.

This research analyzes the existence of corrupt officials, invisible accomplices in pimping, and human trafficking networks in recent years. To this end, a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological design and a descriptive approach was used. The population consisted of prosecutors' office officials and conveniently selected lawyers with law degrees as participants. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a semi-structured guide. The results reveal that corrupt officials, accomplices in pimping, and human trafficking have a neutral impact due to the lack of logical and human resources, the limited investment by the state in technology, resulting in the inability to obtain direct virtual evidence, the implementation of internal control mechanisms, and the strengthening of public ethics, which affects the physical and psychological personality of the victims. There are difficulties in obtaining direct evidence because this crime operates clandestinely and emotionally manipulates its victims, who are mostly minors, and who do not file complaints out of fear or economic or financial dependence. Municipal officials issue licenses to establishments that operate undercover, and to prevent this, internal control and auditing must be structural and sustained across all related entities. Within a rigorous regulatory framework, it is essential that cases of trafficking be better coordinated between criminal laws and policies.

More nuanced assessments improve predictive and explanatory accuracy.

Self-knowledge: Limits, implications, and paths to change.

Psychometric properties of personality assessment using machine learning.

This study uses fandom as a conceptual foundation to ascertain how self-identities and personality traits are reflected across library and information sciences (LIS), a field with varied specializations based in diverging skills and interests. By analysing the relationship between librarians’ Hogwarts house affiliations, LIS specializations and Big Five personality trait adjectives, this interdisciplinary research of fandom studies, LIS and psychology results in interesting insights into personal and professional self-identity. A survey of 875 librarians found statistically significant differences indicating that LIS workers self-identify with Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff houses more than a US normative population. Additionally, this survey found that librarians’ self-identities emphasize traits associated with Openness to Experience and Agreeableness factors, which significantly correspond to Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff houses. This research demonstrates that fandom and popular culture can provide an accessible and engaging lens to discuss personality psychology and group identity. Additional conclusions and implications of these results, as well as the moral and ethical dilemmas of researching and writing about a harmful and problematic author, are discussed.