Personal Response Research Articles

Systematic Literature Review: Machine Learning Methods in Emotion Classification in Textual Data

Emotions are a person's response to an event. Emotions can be expressed verbally or nonverbally. Over time people can express their emotions through social media. Considering that emotion is a reflection of society's response, it is important to classify emotions in society to find out the community's response as information for consideration in decision-making. This study is aimed to identify and analyze the datasets, methods, and evaluation metrics that are being used in the classification of emotional texts in textual data from research data from 2013 to 2022. Based on the inclusion and exclusion design in selecting literature, a total of 50 kinds of literature were used in extracting and synthesizing data. Analysis of the data shows that out of 50 pieces of literature, there are 36 works of literature that use public datasets while 14 kinds of literature use private datasets. In the method of developing models for classifying, the SVM and Naive Bayes models are the most popular among the other models. In evaluating the model, the F-measure or F1-score metric is the most widely used metric compared to other metrics. There are three main contributions identified in this study, namely methods, models, and evaluation

Effects of masks on physiological and thermal responses of college students during outdoor activities

In the post COVID-19 era, people have adjusted to coexistence with viruses and air pollution, and masks have become basic personal protective equipment. However, we know little about the physiological and thermal feedback when wearing masks and performing outdoor activities varying in intensity. We combined mask types (no mask, surgical, N95, and cloth) and activity intensities (light, moderate, and vigorous) to investigate personal physiological and thermal responses in outdoor environments. We had four principal findings: 1) perioral temperature (Talocal) was the highest under cloth masks and perioral relative humidity (RHlocal) was the highest under cloth or N95 masks during moderate and vigorous intensity activities; 2) “breathing resistance” scores were the highest at all stages when wearing masks; 3) wearing masks had a positive effect on the decrease of mean skin temperature (MST), and this effect was the greatest for surgical masks; and 4) during exercise, thermal sensation vote (TSV) was mainly influenced by Talocal and RHlocal in the dead space under masks. TSV was primarily affected by RHlocal and ΔAH under surgical and cloth masks, while TSV was primarily influenced by Tg under N95 masks. Our findings provide basic information supporting mask selections linked to activity intensity in outdoor settings.

APPLICATION OF QUALITATIVE METHODS TO STUDY THE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE OF MARIUPOL STUDENT VOLUNTEERS DURING THE WAR

The article analyzes the experience of using qualitative methods of collecting sociological information to preserve, systematize and disseminate the experience of student youth of the city of Mariupol, who during the war and occupation of the city took an active social position and provided social assistance and support to civilian residents of the city, engaged in volunteer activities. The purpose of the study was to consider the possibilities of applying qualitative methods of sociological research during the study of socially significant practices of social work and volunteering in complex extreme situations (on the example of the traumatic experience of Mariupol student volunteers during the war). The peculiarities of the analysis of electronic diaries submitted by the authors for participation in the social competition as a means of obtaining high-quality sociological information are considered. The article is based on materials from e-diaries submitted for participation in the «Volunteer Heart of Mariupol» competition. The purpose of the Competition is to collect and preserve the stories of volunteer students who lived and studied in the city of Mariupol before the war, now have been forced to move to another city of Ukraine or abroad, and continue to selflessly help others, carry out volunteer initiatives and bring the Victory of Ukraine closer. The competition was held in January 2023 among Mariupol students. Volunteering is considered as a type of socially significant activity, a means of personal response to being in an extreme situation, which, above all, helped student youth to overcome stress and start looking for internal stability, stability in an extreme situation through helping others. The model of students' behavior after leaving the zone of active hostilities and evacuation, related to the activation of volunteer activities, was also considered.

Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment Experienced by Medical Sonographers.

To assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers. A survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer-specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction. Of the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P = .02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences. Workplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed.

Identifying person misfit using the person backward stepwise reliability curve (PBRC).

The goal of the present study was to propose a visualization of aberrant response patterns based on the idea put forth by the Cronbach-Mesbach curve. First, an index of person reliability is developed using the K-R 20 formula followed by a backward stepwise procedure in which one person at a time is deleted from the model. Observations for which reliability is no longer monotonically increasing suggest that they are candidates for aberrant responding. Using data from the quantitative domain of a national aptitude test the proposed visualization technique was demonstrated. The external validity of the procedure was tested by contrasting the person fit reliability estimates with those derived from other indices of aberrant responding such as the Ht. Results indicated that individuals not covarying with other individuals concerning their response patterns and concordance to the measurement of a unified latent trait were identified by both the present procedure and Ht and U3 at a rate of 100%. By plotting those individuals using Person Response Curves (PRCs) results confirmed the lack of monotonicity in the relationship between item difficulty and person skill. Consequently, results confirm the usefulness of the present methodology as an index for identifying responders who manifest themselves with aberrant responses and who are not conducive to the measurement of the latent trait.

External dose measurements to investigate the body-size dependence of personal dosemeter responses in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident.

To formulate necessary protective measures after a large-scale nuclear accident, it is crucial to understand the levels of radiation to which persons living in radionuclide-contaminated areas are exposed. Individual monitoring using personal dosemeters (PDs) plays a role in this, although PDs were not originally intended to be used by members of the public. The present study investigated PD responses in areas highly affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, as well as the dependence of those measurements on body size. Three types of commercially available electronic PDs, including D-shuttle, which has often been used in Fukushima, were placed on the front surfaces of three age-specific anthropometric phantoms imitating a 5-y-old, a 10-y-old and an adult male, and these phantoms were then exposed to radiation in an open field in the affected area. In the case of D-shuttle, the ratios of PD readings to the ambient dose rate for the 5-y-old phantom and the adult male phantom were 0.79 and 0.72, respectively. The ratios were somewhat higher for the other PDs; any PDs showed higher readings than the effective doses estimated by simulations based on the assumed ground deposition of 134Cs and/or 137Cs over the affected areas.

280 Induced pluripotent stem cell–based airway epithelial platform for investigating personalized responses to CFTR modulators

280 Induced pluripotent stem cell–based airway epithelial platform for investigating personalized responses to CFTR modulators

Female students’ personality and stress response to an academic examination

ABSTRACT Background Women are vulnerable to stress-related disorders. Examinations are a source of stress, triggering emotional, cognitive, and hormonal responses. We examined women’s psychological and hormonal stress responses and academic performance according to personality during a real-life examination. Methods Female students (N = 66) were divided into two groups based on hierarchical cluster analysis: one cluster characterized by high neuroticism and moderate extraversion (HN-ME; n = 42) and the other by low neuroticism and high extraversion (LN-HE; n = 24). Academic performance, perceived stress, and emotional dysregulation were analyzed. State anxiety, affect, and cortisol release were measured before and on the examination day. Results The HN-ME cluster was high in perceived stress, emotional dysregulation, and negative affect. This cluster also had higher state anxiety levels two days before and shortly after the examination compared to the LN-HE cluster. Students’ cortisol levels were higher on the examination day, and there was a marginal significance of the Cluster factor in the cortisol release regardless of the day of measurement. Conclusions Women with high neuroticism and moderate extraversion may be more vulnerable to psychological stress in academic settings but similar to other women in their cortisol response.

Determinants of nurses’ readiness for disaster response: A cross-sectional study

Reducing the impacts of disasters is imperative in these times when disasters continually threaten people's lives. Given that the readiness for disaster response of nurses are essential in mitigating damage, however, studies on the determinants of nurses' readiness for disaster response remain inconclusive and require further research, especially with various populations. This study therefore aimed to investigate factors associated with readiness for disaster response among Taiwanese hospital nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 365 eligible and registered nurses at a medical centre in northern Taiwan. The Readiness for Disaster Responses Scale including four subscales: personal preparedness, self-protection, emergency response, and clinical management were used for assessment. Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression models. Our study results showed that the length of nursing work was positively associated with nurses' readiness for disaster responses (β = 0.28, p < .001). Nurses with a master's degree and working in intensive care units or emergency rooms had higher readiness for disaster responses (β = 0.13, p = .032; β = 0.14, p = .024) than those with a bachelor's degree and working in other units/specialties (i.e., outpatient department, operating rooms, etc.). Furthermore, nurses with previous disaster training were associated with greater readiness for disaster responses (β = 0.24, p < .001). This study findings indicate that the identified determinants of hospital nurses' readiness for disaster responses can be taken into consideration in the future recruiting of nurses for deployment to disaster response assistance and the designing of disaster training programmes specifically for nurses.

Thermoregulation in response to exercising at a moderate metabolic rate when wearing personal protective and emergency response equipment

Thermoregulation in response to exercising at a moderate metabolic rate when wearing personal protective and emergency response equipment

Mild sleep restriction increases endothelial oxidative stress in female persons

Sleep restriction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is more pronounced in female than male persons. We reported recently first causal evidence that mild, prolonged sleep restriction mimicking “real-life” conditions impairs endothelial function, a key step in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, in healthy female persons. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In model organisms, sleep restriction increases oxidative stress and upregulates antioxidant response via induction of the antioxidant regulator nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Here, we assessed directly endothelial cell oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in healthy female persons (n = 35) after 6 weeks of mild sleep restriction (1.5 h less than habitual sleep) using randomized crossover design. Sleep restriction markedly increased endothelial oxidative stress without upregulating antioxidant response. Using RNA-seq and a predicted protein–protein interaction database, we identified reduced expression of endothelial Defective in Cullin Neddylation-1 Domain Containing 3 (DCUN1D3), a protein that licenses Nrf2 antioxidant responses, as a mediator of impaired endothelial antioxidant response in sleep restriction. Thus, sleep restriction impairs clearance of endothelial oxidative stress that over time increases cardiovascular risk.Trial Registration: NCT02835261

Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with demonstrated predictive utility in terms of clinical decision-making and health outcomes does not currently exist. Instead, a plethora of definitions have been proposed, which vary significantly in their conceptual framework. The absence of a consensus definition hampers precise estimates of the prevalence of TRD, and also belies efforts to identify risk factors, prevention opportunities, and effective interventions. In addition, it results in heterogeneity in clinical practice decision-making, adversely affecting quality of care. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have adopted the most used definition of TRD (i.e., inadequate response to a minimum of two antidepressants despite adequacy of the treatment trial and adherence to treatment). It is currently estimated that at least 30% of persons with depression meet this definition. A significant percentage of persons with TRD are actually pseudo-resistant (e.g., due to inadequacy of treatment trials or non-adherence to treatment). Although multiple sociodemographic, clinical, treatment and contextual factors are known to negatively moderate response in persons with depression, very few factors are regarded as predictive of non-response across multiple modalities of treatment. Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine (co-administered with an antidepressant) are established as efficacious in the management of TRD. Some second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, quetiapine XR) are proven effective as adjunctive treatments to antidepressants in partial responders, but only the olanzapine-fluoxetine combination has been studied in FDA-defined TRD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is established as effective and FDA-approved for individuals with TRD, with accelerated theta-burst TMS also recently showing efficacy. Electroconvulsive therapy is regarded as an effective acute and maintenance intervention in TRD, with preliminary evidence suggesting non-inferiority to acute intravenous ketamine. Evidence for extending antidepressant trial, medication switching and combining antidepressants is mixed. Manual-based psychotherapies are not established as efficacious on their own in TRD, but offer significant symptomatic relief when added to conventional antidepressants. Digital therapeutics are under study and represent a potential future clinical vista in this population.

Navigating the Impacts of Dementia: The Experience of Male Spousal Carers.

This article investigates the experience of male spousal carers for women living with dementia. While cultural discourses on care are highly gendered, social scientific research often addresses care relationships in gender-neutral terms. Setting out to address this matter, this qualitative research study incorporated semi-structured joint interviews with 10 couples in which a male spouse cared for a woman with dementia. The aim was to explore how couples negotiate relationships and care following a diagnosis of dementia. The focus of this paper is on the perspectives expressed in these joint interviews by the male carers. A thematic analysis was undertaken to establish the key content of the men's accounts. Three principal themes were identified: making sense of the condition; treating dementia as a problem to be solved; and engaging with professionals and support. The gendered basis of experience for male carers is explored within these themes, demonstrating how societal norms of masculinity intersect with caring roles. The paper concludes that a nuanced research approach to dementia care must continue to be developed, accounting for how gender shapes personal responses to the navigation of care relationships. Practitioners and policymakers must also consider how gendered experience shapes the identities and strategies of male carers.

Personal emergency response systems and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the United States

AbstractPersonal Emergency Response Systems (PERS) are electronic medical alert devices that help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receive assistance in emergencies. According to research on older adults, PERS improve health outcomes, provide people with a sense of security and peace of mind, promote independence, and prevent institutionalization. The aim of this study was to examine if, and how, states provided PERS to people with IDD in their Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waiver programs in fiscal year (FY) 2021. To do so, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed HCBS data on participant services and cost‐neutrality demonstrations to examine thematic trends in how and why states offered PERS, as well as total unduplicated participants, total projected spending, projected spending per participant, reimbursement rates, and annual service provision per participant. In FY 2021, 42 waivers (39.25%) from 25 states and the District of Columbia (57.78%) projected spending $9.87 million on PERS services for 9538 people with IDD. PERS services included the installation of devices (77.78%), monthly service fees (73.61%), equipment maintenance (44.44%), and training of people with IDD or their caregivers about the equipment (41.67%). States said they provided PERS in order to prevent institutionalization (23.61%), promote independence (16.67%), and maximize mobility (11.11%). Given the potential benefits for independent living, independence, and reducing costs, as well as the disparities unearthed in this study, we believe states should expand how they provide PERS to people with IDD in HCBS and do so in a more consistent manner. This may be especially beneficial as PERS can be cost‐prohibitive for many people with IDD, who frequently live in poverty, and HCBS reimbursement for technology is the top barrier to implementing technology according to IDD providers.

Fostering public climate change discussions from a social interaction perspective.

Public discussions on climate change, as a form of social interaction, are widely recognized as effective tools for promoting collective action. However, there is limited research on examining the factors that influence climate change discussions from a social interaction perspective. In the present study, we conducted a large sample (N = 1,169) survey to investigate personal (such as self-efficacy and personal response efficacy) and others' (such as perceived others' response efficacy and social norms) factors influencing climate change discussions from a social interaction perspective. The results showed that (i) for people with high climate change perceptions, personal response efficacy, self-efficacy, and social norms have positive effects on climate change discussions, but the effect of perceived others' response efficacy on climate change discussion is not significant; (ii) for people with low climate change perceptions, self-efficacy and social norms have positive effects on climate change discussions, but the effects of personal response efficacy and perceived others' response efficacy on climate change discussion are not significant; (iii) irrespective of individuals' high or low perceptions of climate change, social norm remains the most important predictor of climate change discussions. These findings make valuable contributions to the theoretical literature and intervention efforts regarding climate change discussions from a social interaction perspective.

Initial psychometric properties of the Parental Stress Scale examined using a sample of Russian mothers.

Parental stress is defined as a personal response to stressors associated with being a parent. In recent studies, parental stress has been viewed as a component of normative parenting. The purpose of this study was to collect initial evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the Russian version of the 18-item Parental Stress Scale (PSS) using a sample of mothers of Russian primary school students. The results are the first wave of a longitudinal study. Mothers (n = 900) of fourth-grade students participated in the study and filled out an online survey. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the PSS on the Russian mothers indicated two factors: parental stress and parental satisfaction, with good estimates of reliability. The PERMA-Profiler questionnaire was used to examine the convergent and divergent validity of the PSS. The results revealed significant correlations between parental stress and satisfaction and different aspects of well-being among the respondents. The initial investigation of this Russian adaptation of the PSS provides evidence of its reliability and validity. Despite the limitations and the need for further research, this version of the PSS can be recommended for use in studies on modern parenting as well as in psychological support, education, and development of programs promoting positive parent-child relationships by targeting parental needs.

Silent Folks: A Modern Lore Preserving The Indigenous Folktales, Myths And Legends In The Digital Era

Innovations in second language teaching are desirable because such practices will help to maintain students’ interest and motivation in the classroom. Various research has reported the significance of incorporating stimulating reading texts in ESL classrooms. This paper aims to report how innovative ideas on using reading texts which are based on the tales of indigenous people in Malaysia can leave significant impact in an ESL classroom. This innovation project was in the form of a project work given to a group of 30 diploma students undergoing a proficiency class. Reading is one of the main components in the syllabus. One of the sub-components in reading for this subject is to read, understand, and provide personal responses to short stories. The students were asked to read a few ghost stories based on the lives of Semai people from a book entitled The Myths of Semai prior to their folktales project. The project required the students to retell the story in the form of animated videos. They made story boards to help dramatize the tales and then used video editing apps to compile the story boards into videos of the chosen folktales. They played the videos in class and uploaded them to YouTube for other ESL learners. At the end of the project, students were asked to write a reflective journal about their learning experiences with Semai folktales. The responses were analysed based on the emerging themes which occur in the students’ reflections. The findings on this innovative project should contribute to deeper understanding on how animating the folktales can impact ESL students’ learning and how using the stories from indigenous people can enhance cross-cultural awareness and acceptance of different traditions.

Persepsi Petani Terhadap Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian Padi Sawah Di Desa Pasir Jaya Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

Efforts to increase the success of lowland rice farming are inseparable from farmers' perceptions of extension worker performance. This is because perception is closely related to a person's attitude and response to a particular object, namely the performance of agricultural extension workers. This research was conducted aiming to determine the performance of agricultural extension workers, farmers' perceptions of agricultural extension performance. The determination of the research location was purposive in Pasir Jaya Village, Rambah Hilir District, Rokan Hulu Regency. This research was conducted from January to February 2023. The sampling technique was the Simple Random Sampling method (simple random sample), the sample was 52 people taken from 110 population. Data collection methods used are observation, documentation, and direct interviews with farmers. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis. Farmers' perceptions of the performance of agricultural extension workers are included in the very good category with an average score of 231.40 with an index score of 89.00%. Where the highest score is found in the indicator of evaluation and reporting of agricultural extension with a total score of 236.50 with an index score of 90.96% included in the very good category and the lowest score is in the indicator of preparation for agricultural extension with a score of 227.50 with an index score of 87.50% included in the very good category. The results showed that the implementation of agricultural extension in Pasir Jaya Village based on the activities carried out by extension agents in preparing agricultural extension, implementing agricultural extension, evaluating and reporting agricultural extension had been able to provide changes to farmers, namely changes in attitudes and skills and increased farmer productivity compared to the previous year.

Neoliberalism and governmental and individual responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐national analysis

AbstractGiven the deficiencies of traditional government capacity indicators and cultural factors (e.g., individualism) in explaining the discrepancies of different agents' responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the present study proposed and examined the role of neoliberalism, a novel cultural tradition of knowledge emphasizing the principles of free markets and self‐governance, as an additional explanation of the discrepancies in the governmental and individual responses to the pandemic. Analyzing policy responses of 106 nations and personal responses from 105,203 individuals in 104 nations during the first wave of the pandemic, we found that nation‐level neoliberalism (delineated by the economic freedom index) negatively predicted the nonlinear trajectories of government policy responses to contain the pandemic. Specifically, in more neoliberal countries, stringent containment policy responses showed a sharper decline in the later stage of the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, nation‐level neoliberalism negatively predicted individuals' pandemic‐protective attitudes and behaviors. All these effects are independent of and incremental to those of nation‐level individualism. In conclusion, this study sheds light on how neoliberalism could lead to negative consequences during large‐scale, long‐lasting public threats, offering practical guidance for adjusting public crisis management in the future.

The Autofictional Ailing Self: Depression in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Cella Serghi’s The Spider’s Web – A Comparison

During the COVID-19 pandemic and emerging from it many people went through depressive states, sometimes with a lethal outcome. Depression, however, can be caused by numerous factors not expressly necessitating a global cataclysm, invariably remaining a particular personal response to a perceived strong sensation of discomfort and loss of meaning in one’s life. This paper will examine the major novels by two writers – the American Sylvia Plath and the Romanian Cella Serghi with the purpose of comparing the autofictional representations of depression in both, paying attention to its causes, courses, and outcomes. The comparative analysis will also establish the power of autofiction as a phenomenon and its capacity of producing texts with interdisciplinary dimensions containing a universal appeal. By examining two autofictional responses to an identical issue – the modern disease occasioned by similar causes, the paper aims to provide potential solutions that might have worked to a healing effect in the other text with the potential to transcend the texts in question and be applied to real-life situations since the described incidents have already happened not once and not only as part of the lived experience of the two writers. Last but not least, by effectuating the comparison the article seeks to help promote an author from a smaller national literature to the realms of World Literature.