Personal Freedom Research Articles

The association between the sense of control and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

High levels of depression and low sense of control have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The removal of typical freedoms through public health restrictions may have played an important role. The aim of this review was to examine data collected during the pandemic and (1) estimate the strength of the association between sense of control and depression, (2) examine whether the different types of control measures affected the strength of the association, and (3) whether this changed as a function of pandemic indicators. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in English between December 2019 and November 2022. A total of 993 articles were identified, of which 20 were included in the review and 16 in the meta-analysis after conducting a quality assessment using the standard NIH tool. The control-depression association gave a bias-independent pooled effect size of r = .41, and grew stronger over the 130 weeks covered by this review but did not change as a function of local COVID incidence rates. Subgroup analyses showed that external and overall control were more strongly related to depression than internal control. These findings emphasize that external factors are important to the sense of control and the importance of preserving the sense of control in situations where the removal of personal freedoms is necessary, such as public health emergencies.

Personal freedom and societal expectations towards LGBTQ+: Audience insights into Vietnamese cinema's “Goodbye Mother”

AbstractThis study examines the cinematic masterpiece “Thưa mẹ con đi” (Goodbye Mother) by Trinh Dinh Le Minh, with a specific focus on its representation of LGBTQ+ themes, love, and identity. Utilizing a multifaceted research approach, which includes an in‐depth plot overview analysis, a substantial survey involving over 300 participants, and enlightening semi‐structured interviews, the study offers profound insights into the perspectives of its audience. The findings uncover intricate perceptions regarding family expectations, acceptance, and personal freedom, illuminating the film's capacity to challenge and reshape societal norms. Ultimately, this research highlights the influential role of cinema in cultivating greater comprehension and acceptance of diverse expressions of love and identity within the context of contemporary Vietnamese society, presenting significant contributions to both LGBTQ+ and media studies.

Investigation on physical restraint use in hospital: health responsibility, ethical and medical legal considerations.

The issue of restraint has long been considered a difficult political and social situation, affecting both healthcare wor-kers and facilities. The practice of restraint is still widespread in many public and private care settings, but there is a lack of systemic studies capable of monitoring the phenomenon. The framing of the question essentially concerns the right to personal freedom, guaranteed by the Italian Constitution. An anonymous questionnaire was developed containing questions on knowledge of the regulations on restraints, how, ways, and when they are implemented, and general information such as age, gender, educational qualification, qualification, O.Us. to which they belong. The collected data were statistically processed (Chi-square test) with the Epi Info 7.1.5 program (CDC-Atlanta- USA). A total of 1002 questionnaires were completed. The stratification of the sample by structure shows that 73.9% were public facilities. The indicative figure is represented by the 23.8% of respondents who say that "the restraint is not noted in the medical record". Restraint could be a real risk for the healthcare worker, encroaching on the issue of health liability. It is therefore important to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and top management of the need to structure, at company level, procedures that comply with the "Recommendations on physical restraint" to overcome the use of restraint through the improvement of care pathways in compliance with organizational and risk management standards.

Collective privacy recovery: Data-sharing coordination via decentralized artificial intelligence.

Collective privacy loss becomes a colossal problem, an emergency for personal freedoms and democracy. But, are we prepared to handle personal data as scarce resource and collectively share data under the doctrine: as little as possible, as much as necessary? We hypothesize a significant privacy recovery if a population of individuals, the data collective, coordinates to share minimum data for running online services with the required quality. Here, we show how to automate and scale-up complex collective arrangements for privacy recovery using decentralized artificial intelligence. For this, we compare for the first time attitudinal, intrinsic, rewarded, and coordinated data sharing in a rigorous living-lab experiment of high realism involving real data disclosures. Using causal inference and cluster analysis, we differentiate criteria predicting privacy and five key data-sharing behaviors. Strikingly, data-sharing coordination proves to be a win-win for all: remarkable privacy recovery for people with evident costs reduction for service providers.

The Impact Mechanism of Mobile Short Video Platforms on The Recognition of Mainstream Ideology Among College Students

This article summarizes research findings on the impact of mobile short video platforms, college students' ideology, ideological education in colleges and universities, and public opinion on college students' mainstream ideology. Scholars believe that the resources of mobile short video platforms are limited, and the use of diversification is positively correlated with mobile cultural participation. Ideology has a neutral meaning, and the concepts of scientific ideology and socialist ideology are proposed. Ideological education in colleges and universities should pay attention to the leading role of educators, and informal educational institutions also play an important role. Mobile short video platforms have become a popular application on the Internet, and content generated by users based on user-generated content allows users to quickly shoot, edit, and share videos. More and more companies use short videos for publicity and promotion. The mainstream ideology of college students pursues personal development and freedom, respects diverse cultures and ideas, pursues social equity and democracy, and has the characteristics of the times such as diversification, globalization, innovation, socialization, and anti-poverty.

‘FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BETTER’: THE CHANGE OF UTOPIA TO DYSTOPIA IN GEORGE ORWELL’S ANIMAL FARM

This research is an analysis of the allegorical plot of Animal Farm and its clever usage of anthropomorphism in the change from a peaceful farm to a tyrannical one. This paper indicates the major features of the change from a utopian farm to a dystopian one, such as the perpetually increasing amount of labour that each animal has to undertake, the obvious decrease of ration which the pigs use for trading otherwise, the disturbing intervention into animals' personal freedom and thought by the totalitarian pigs and many more accounts that further establish such change. The aim of this was to shed light on those distinct paths that may lead any society towards dystopia, lest any community may have already begun going down such paths, to alert them and reverberate the sounding alarm. At the beginning, this research dealt with an introduction to the background of the time and literary movement that was present during the process of writing Animal Farm, namely the rise of the Stalinisit regime, and the surge of Utopian/Dystopian novels. The second chapter studies previous research written on the same topic as this one, the early events in Animal Farm and their effect on shaping the farm, and the significance of freedom within the farm. The third chapter consists of demonstrating the fundamental changes that contributed to the decline of the farm into its eventual dystopian nature, and a conclusion on the matter. The paper uses a textual and historical approaches in analyzing the texts of the novella. Keywords: utopia, dystopia, orwell, labour, liberty, tyranny, commandment, censorship

They shall not pass? The role of supply-side factors in the electoral breakthrough of VOX and Chega

ABSTRACT No country is immune to the electoral success of populist radical right (PRR) parties: Spain and Portugal seemed to be the exception to this rule because, for decades, PRR parties remained relegated to the margins of the Iberian political systems. However, in 2019 VOX and Chega gained parliamentary representation: how did they manage to obtain their historic electoral breakthrough? From a supply-side perspective, we use the Party Manifesto dataset to show that VOX and Chega chose to position themselves within the existing political space and cleavages in ways that set them apart from the competition. VOX exploited the Spanish centre-periphery cleavage insisting on strong nationalist elements while advocating for increased centralization, while Chega insisted on personal freedom and welfare limitation to break the ties with the political system born out of the Carnation Revolution.

Restriction of Passive Suffrage for a Citizen Having a Criminal Record under the Law of the Russian Federation

Introduction. At the present stage of the Russian national statehood development, strengthening the institutions of democracy and civil society remains an important task. One of the efficient ways to solve this problem is to create a highperformance mechanism, which would implement and ensure the fundamental rights and freedoms of a person. It is important for this mechanism to provide the legal stipulation in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and further implementation of the objective and justified restrictions of the rights and freedoms of a person. With regard to the passive suffrage, based on the analysis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation2, such a restriction is expressed in the exclusion of the persons having a criminal record from a number of citizens endowed with this right. The relevance of the paper lies in the need to legally regulate the features of suffrage restriction for the citizens having a criminal record. The work aims to study the eligibility of restricting the passive suffrage due to the candidate’s criminal record, and the limits of such restriction.Materials and Methods. The normative legal acts regulating the passive suffrage restriction due to the criminal record presence became the materials under the research. A set of methods of scientific cognition, including the dialectical and legalistic methods, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, formed a methodological framework of the research.Results. The paper substantiates the legal essence of the human and civil rights and freedoms restriction through defining the limits of the person's freedom in society and in the state. In the paper the conclusion is made, that along with the great importance of the human rights and freedoms protection, there exists an urgent need to comply with the legal restriction of these rights to ensure safety of other people and society as a whole. The analysis of the normative legal acts allows us to conclude that the restrictions of passive suffrage are legally stipulated directly in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of art. 32), as well as in the Federal Laws, as referred to in Part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Moreover, with regard to the latter set of passive suffrage restrictions, the trend to expand the grounds for them is observed during the last twenty years. Thus, currently a rather wide range of citizens are forfeited the passive suffrage.Discussion and Conclusion. A specific feature of the Russian suffrage is its constant transformation caused by the changing political situation. The suffrage is actively developing and improving with rely on studying the scientific concepts of the constitutional scholars and proposals of the practitioners in organisation of the elections. However, there are still many issues that require scientific reflection and further legislative stipulation. It is proposed to focus on the problem of restricting the passive suffrage for a citizen for the reason of him having a criminal record

Discordance between farmers and scientists - Perspectives on nitrogen reduction measures in Denmark

Mitigating nitrogen leaching from agricultural land is imperative for enhancing the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems. Incorporating the knowledge and perceptions of farmers regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing nitrogen reduction measures is vital for increasing the adoption rate of such measures and related policies. Concurrently, the insights and perspectives of scientists advising policymakers on the implementation of these measures can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the barriers and potential for implementation. In this study, we employ Q methodology to elucidate the opinions of 11 farmers and 14 key scientists involved in providing contractual science policy advice to Danish ministries on nitrogen reduction measures. Results show that across the perspectives of farmers and scientists, four main factors (viewpoints) can be identified: ‘Evidence-driven viewpoints’, ‘On-farm efficiency-driven viewpoints’, ‘Hydrological and landscape-scale viewpoints’, ‘Innovation-based viewpoints. From this, we suggest that within the field of nitrogen mitigation and implementation, there is a general broad division and opposing perspectives between scientists and farmers. The evidence presented here shows that scientists’ viewpoints do not correspond to the viewpoints of farmers in most cases. Scientists broadly believe that landscape and long-term measures, especially wetlands, are most effective nitrogen measures, according to scientific evidence. This clashes severely with some farmer participants, who strongly believe that there should be more personal freedom and flexibility to make individual farm level management choices. This is a significant barrier to the uptake of the best possible measures.

Tanggung Jawab Penjamin dalam Penanguhan atau Pengalihan Penahanan Tersangka atau Terdakwa

The provisions of Article 1 point 21 of the Criminal Procedure Code state that detention is the placement of a suspect/defendant in a certain place by an investigator, public prosecutor or judge with his or her determination and in a regulated manner. in this law. Detention is the placement of a suspect/defendant in a certain place by an investigator, public prosecutor, or judge with his or her determination, with the conditions and methods regulated in this law. Therefore, detention is a form of deprivation of a person's freedom of movement and is a threat aimed at giving a feeling of regret to someone who has committed an offense. Detained suspects/defendants have several rights, one of which is the right to submit a request for suspension or the right to transfer detention. According to the provisions of Article 31 of the Criminal Procedure Code, a suspension of detention can be granted by investigators, public prosecutors or judges in accordance with their respective authorities with or without cash collateral or personal guarantees, based on predetermined conditions. The purpose of this research is to determine the responsibility of the guarantor if a suspect or accused who is detained or transferred to detention escapes. The research method uses normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The result of this research is that a suspension of detention can be granted by the police investigator as the detention institution, if the suspect/accused or guarantor has fulfilled the conditions that have been set. However, during the suspension of detention, the suspect/defendant escapes and is not found within a period of 3 (three) months, then (the guarantor) is responsible for bearing all risks and consequences that arise, namely by depositing the security deposit. in the amount specified in the agreement at the beginning. granting suspension of detention

Cityscapes, trance states, and women walking: embodied practices of walking in experimental film and video

ABSTRACT Commonly associated with the cinema of Béla Tarr and Gus Van Sant, walking on screen has received relatively little attention from researchers despite the ongoing popularity of wayfaring films and videos. Unsurprisingly, even less is known about how walking functions in experimental film and video or responds to avant-garde storytelling. To fill this gap, I take a phenomenological stance on walking to discuss the pedestrian’s embodied experience in a few stylistically distinct works: Crowdog (Vanessa Renwick, 1984/1998), A Walk (Jonas Mekas, 1990), Ordinary Matter (Hollis Frampton, 1972), and Death Songs & Car Bombs (Brendan and Jeremy Smyth, 2013). Despite having different formats and narrative foci, which, respectively, explore walking in a structural-diaristic framework and as a trance state or turn it into a social commentary on female liberation and the culture clash, all of these films echo the phenomenological turn in film studies, demonstrating how pedestrians relate to the multisensorial, kinaesthetic practice and space of walking. Compared to the itinerant mode of art cinema, experimental film and video usually challenge the representational nature of walking and present it as a more complex, disorientating, and unconventional experience, linking the sensation of walking to social mobility, personal freedom, feminism, or place and urban memory.

Tehnologija prepoznavanja lica i prava i slobode lica - slučaj Republike Srbije

The issue of the use of facial recognition technology, which includes the processing of biometric data on a large scale, and in public areas in the Republic of Serbia, has been debated since 2019, when the deployment of these technologies was announced. The use of technology for the purpose of improving security and its impact on the rights and freedoms of persons may be viewed as conflicting interests, even mutually exclusive. Yet these two, equally important, interests are not necessarily incompatible. This paper presents an overview of the impact of the use of facial recognition technology on the behaviour of individuals, processes of drafting different versions of interior affairs bills containing provisions enabling the use of this technology and different versions of data protection impact assessments, as well as relevant acts of the United Nations and the European Union. Although the final answer whether the use of such technology to process biometric data in public areas should be permitted and, if so, when and under what conditions, is still pending, a proposal is given vis-à-vis measures that could contribute to the accommodation of different interests without interfering with the rights and freedoms of persons in a way that is not excessive in a democratic society.

Status of providing the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities in Ukraine : today 's challenges (taking into account decisions of the ECTHR)

Status of providing the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities in Ukraine : today 's challenges (taking into account decisions of the ECTHR)

The Martyrdom of Illness: Mariia Spiridonova in Siberian Imprisonment, 1906–17

Abstract: In the summer of 1906 at the age of twenty-one, Mariia Spiridonova, a Russian Socialist Revolutionary (SR) assassin was transported with five other convicted female SR terrorists by railway from Moscow to the Nerchinsk prison complex in eastern Siberia. Only Spiridonova was known as a martyr-heroine to opponents of tsarism across the empire, however, because national newspapers had published her story of physical abuse by police and Cossacks at the time of her arrest. Patterning themselves after an earlier generation of populist terrorists in the 1870s and 1880s, male and female SR terrorists in the revolution of 1905–07 attempted to kill government officials whom the SR party accused of oppressive actions against helpless civilians. Although SR terrorists expected to sacrifice their own lives as compensation for committing political murder, the tsarist government commuted the women’s death sentences to penal servitude for life. In Siberian imprisonment, Spiridonova and her five terrorist comrades followed the tradition of preceding generations of revolutionaries by joining a ‘socialist collective’ or ‘commune’ of political prisoners with a code of conduct and a shared economy. Male and female socialist prisoners lived by such compacts to prepare themselves for the future revolution and to deepen the political consciousness of their fellow inmates by personal example. Only Spiridonova among the women ‘politicals’ took no visible role in upholding the prison commune but rather lived in semi-isolation as an invalid throughout her eleven years in the Nerchinsk complex. Suffering from tuberculosis, Spiridonova, who had anticipated a martyr’s death on the scaffold, seemingly succumbed to the martyrdom of chronic illness. Yet the fall of the tsarist autocracy in February 1917 did not just liberate Spiridonova from penal servitude but simultaneously restored her health, her energy and her drive to engage in radical politics. Her pattern of revolutionary behaviour thus alternated between active and passive self-sacrifice, the tuberculosis that enhanced her legend of martyrdom apparently waxing and waning according to the degree of her personal freedom.

Social Welfare Policy: An Assessment of the Structural Adjustment Programme 1987-1993

Problem statement: This study examined social welfare policy in Nigeria, with emphasis on the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) objectives and its social welfare implications. The study looks at the effects of the Adjustment Programme and juxtaposes it with the social roles, responsibilities and objectives of the government, particularly in the area of providing socioeconomic and welfare needs for the people, to improve life and enhance the status of man and protect his dignity. In addition, responsibility of the government to her citizen is explained as a constitutional principle and obligation that should be a cardinal objectives and priority of the government. Approach: The methodology used for this study is secondary mode of data collection, which enhanced the understanding of the welfare status of Nigerians in the pre-SAP and post-SAP period under review. For example, studies by Philip Asiodu and Pius Okigbo on the introduction of SAP and the implications on people’s welfare pointed to the fact that, SAP is not a microeconomic policy, arguing that any policy that will address people’s welfare must be short term, unlike this study which examine the implications of SAP on the economic power parity and the well-being of the people. However, the study observes that the adoption of the structural adjustment policy by the government negates the welfare approach to governance. Instead of improving the welfare of Nigerians, the policy only made Nigerians vulnerable. Results: The study revealed a sharp decline in the peoples welfare, while it was observed that the socio-economic hardship that follows the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme have remained unabated, with succeeding administrations trying to fully deregulate the economy. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed that, social policy in Nigeria has fall short of the principle and the concept of welfarism, which is about the general well-being of the citizens in health, education, safety and security, personal freedom and social capital that are lacking in today’s Nigeria.

THE ELUCIDATION OF ALBERT CAMUS’ PHILOSOPHY OF ABSURDISM

The philosophical concept of absurdism has been one of the difficult notions to understand in a realm of philosophy. It deals mainly with the inherent contradiction between the human longing for meaning in life and the belief that there is no inherent purpose to the universe. According to this philosophy, human life is absurd because people are constantly seeking meaning and purpose in a universe that is irrational. However, one must embrace and experience life despite its inherent absurdity, finding joy and satisfaction in action amidst the futility of existence. This belief system advocates for individuals to identify their own purpose in life, acknowledge the absurdity of reality, and experience joy in living. Nevertheless, individuals use beliefs or ideologies to avoid or reject the harsh realities of life known as philosophical suicide. Philosophical suicide involves religious or spiritual beliefs that pledge eternal life or rebirth, or blind obedience to a specific political or philosophical principle that shields individuals from evil. Ultimately, philosophical suicide can lead to a superficial and thoughtless life without real meaning or purpose. Hence, there is an advocation to rebel. The idea of rebellion is a way to challenge established beliefs and systems of thought. This requires questioning authority, norms and societal expectations in the quest for truth (and/or personal freedom). ‘Rebels’ in philosophy sought to expand human knowledge and understanding by questioning established doctrines and challenging accepted truths. It is an opportunity for innovation and transformation, as it challenges conventional thought while paving the way for human progress and advancement. Therefore, a rebel must be resilient in whatever decision he makes. Resilience is the ability of a person to recover from failure, overcome obstacles, and adapt to change. It is all about having the inner strength, the means and the attitude to rise above challenges. Hence, for one to build a life worth living, he or she must possess resilience, which is the belief of perseverance, courage, and self-awareness.

Fyodor Dostoevsky vs Karl Marx: Personal Freedom in Existential and Social Dimensions

The paper explores the perspectives of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Karl Marx regarding hu­man freedom, highlighting their relevance amidst the contradictory landscape of social devel­opment in late capitalism. It is well-established that Dostoevsky's ‘orthodox’ socialist stance resonated with Marx's critique of bourgeois society, focusing on themes of materialism, the dominance of wealth, and alienation. Both thinkers grappled with the concept of human free­dom, recognizing it as an intrinsic characteristic and essential aspect of humanity. While they shared similar views on existential and social dimensions of freedom, they diverged in their conceptual approaches to achieving it. The study aims to demonstrate, through a comparative analysis of Dostoevsky's and Marx's perspectives, that despite differences in their under­standing of freedom and its attainment, their positions can be seen as complementary. Dosto­evsky advocated for inner spiritual improvement, while Marx prioritized external structural change. Research indicates that these perspectives can mutually reinforce each other. The au­thors assert and support the thesis that according to Dostoevsky, achieving spiritual freedom is feasible through labour activity, a concept akin to Marx's notion of praxis.

The concept of “freedom” in the Ukrainian diaspora prose

The purpose of this article is to analyze the mechanisms of realization of the concept of “freedom” in the Ukrainian diaspora prose. The object of the study is the literary texts by I. Bahrianyi, V. Bender, I. Kachurovskyi, Yu. Kosach, I. Kostetskyi, S. Liubomyrskyi, M. Prykhodko, I. Smoliy, and S. Fedorivskyi. Contextual analysis, descriptive, historical and literary, and biographical methods were used to achieve the goal. The article’s relevance is due to the need to comprehend the problem of freedom during the Russian-Ukrainian war, which prompts a new reading of the diaspora’s literary texts, which in many ways proved to be prophetic and instructive. The experience of colonial Ukraine during the liberation struggle and the Second World War provides an opportunity to better understand current military events and the tactics of the occupiers. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the concept of “freedom” is studied in depth in the works of prose by diaspora writers. The analysis includes little-known texts by diaspora authors. The results of the study have shown that the analyzed concept is realized in the texts of the Ukrainian diaspora on the issues of existential and national freedom, which aroused the interest of both Ukrainian and foreign readers. The concept of “freedom” is presented both in fiction and in critical and journalistic discourse. In prose texts, this concept is realized at different levels of the text: at the level of problematics, figurative system, and textual strategies. The author emphasizes that for diaspora writers, personal freedom was inseparable from national freedom, so a recurring theme is the national liberation struggle, the discourse of which shapes the understanding of freedom as a necessary value. The results of the research can be used in the study of Ukrainian diaspora literature. The next stage in the realization of this topic will be the study of the concept of personal “freedom” in the works of the younger generation of the diaspora, in particular, members of the New York group.

Personal Freedom Become Social Responsibility

Personal Freedom Become Social Responsibility

Abuse of right during application of coercive medical measures in criminal proceedings.

Aim: To determine the problematic issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons suffering from mental disorders and to whom CMM are applied in criminal proceedings under the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of the states that adhere to the modern concepts of international standards of human rights ensuring to a person the CMM are applied to. Materials and Methods: Legal positions of the ECHR, criminal procedural legislation of a number of states, and a survey of scientists and practitioners conducted by the authors are used in this paper (total number of respondents was 168). A set of general scientific and special methods are used to achieve the aim of the study. Conclusions: The practice of applying СMM to persons suffering from mental disorders in criminal proceedings in Ukraine and other states does not fully meet international standards and needs improvement. It was suggested to make changes to the legal acts on the use of CMM in criminal proceedings.