Person Coughs Research Articles

COVID-19: the trends of conspiracy theories vs facts.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2-a new single-stranded RNA virus with respiratory system proclivity and epithelial cell- is a novel infectious disease that originated in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and has spread to many countries with the total number of confirmed cases put at 20,259,579 cases as of 12th August, 2020. It is transmitted from human-to-human via droplets. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, these droplets find their way into the mouth or nostrils of another person that is within a close range. Alternatively it can be contracted by touching infected hard surfaces and using the same hands to touch the mouth, nose and eye(s). COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. There is currently no therapeutic substance accepted as a panacea for the prophylaxis of this infectious disease. As a result of this back drop, many nations have instituted fourteen (14) days quarantine for suspected cases, social distancing and border closure in an attempt to curb the spread of COVID-19. There has been several conspirary theories that emanated since the disease was declared a pandemic. This paper provides useful information to serve as reference to those who seek proper understanding of COVID-19 and its deleterious effects in the body, by distiguishing between the factsand the conspiracy theoriesof coronavirus disease.

A Review: Coronavirus, Its Types, And Impact of COVID-19 on Global Wealth

The virus can multiply itself and their genetic code mostly includes either RNA or DNA. In many different ways, the various types of viral species are spread. For examples, Human immunodeficiency virus is transferred through body fluids, plant viruses are transferred from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus transmitted by humans and animals, COVID-19 is a respiratory virus that transmitted mainly through direct contact with an infected individual by respiratory droplets when the infected person coughs or sneezes, or by saliva droplets or nose discharge. are the viruses that belong to the class and subclass , order . Some human infections are mild, but Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) human transmission from animals to humans, have caused more than ten thousand cumulative cases in the past two decades. And now a novel namely known as COVID-19 is a unique strain which has notbeen previously recognized in humans emerged as the most important global health threats. this study aims to assess the awareness of this COVID-19 among the general public and to provide basic information such as signs and symptoms, origin, diagnostic method, treatment, prevention recommended by WHO and impact of COVID-19 on global wealth. Global stock exchange has a drop-down rapidly as stock investors continue to worry about the broader economic effects of the COVID-19.

Are Runners More Prone to Become Infected with COVID-19? An Approach from the Raindrop Collisional Model.

It is known that COVID-19 spread mainly from person-to-person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and as a result certain ideas about contagious of COVID-19 have been spread. One of them is the widespread belief that close runners, owing to the stronger exhalation, can be more prone to be infected with COVID-19 because the collision with the suspended respiratory droplets should the runner in front be infected. However, because of the low Stokes number this idea cannot be generalized without carefully thought and in fact can be put into question. Utilizing the raindrop collisional model and with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it is shown that the probability of collision with respiratory droplets is not always increasing with the approaching velocity of the runner but rather there is a maximum velocity threshold at which the efficiency of collision drops.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s42978-020-00071-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Armamentarium for Reduction of Transmission of COVID-19 Infection in Dental Operatory

The Pandemic of Novel Corona Virus Disease which emerged in December 2019 in WUHAN city is having an overshadowing impact on everyone’s life. Its mode of spread is primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Research labs are joining forces to find a therapy and a preventive vaccine. Preventive and extraordinary safety measures are crucial to reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) among health care professionals (HCP). HCP performing or assisting aerosol-generating procedures are classified as ‘very high exposure risk’ workers. Dentists are one among higher risk HCP as they deal with oral cavity problems. This is because most of the procedures are involved with aerosol production in dentistry and saliva is the best medium for the dwelling of Covid-19. So, along with the use of standard preventive measures in reducing the transmission of COVID -19 it is essential for dental offices to change the operating modes. As we all know ‘Prevention is better than cure’ In this article, we reviewedauxiliary armamentariums required for prevention of transmission of Covid-19 infection to be used by dental health care professionals while providing urgent dental care to the patients. Currently, in the absence of a rapid diagnostic device with high sensitivity/ specificity and without an effective therapy or vaccine against SARS-CoV2, it is strongly recommended to treat each patient as a COVID-19 positive. So that Appropriate safety measures will protect both dental professionals and patients in transmitting this pandemic disease.

A REVIEW ON COVID-19: ORIGIN, SYMPTOMS, PRECAUTION, AND RECENT UPDATE OF COVID-19 AND DATABASE SURVEY OF EIGHT COUNTRIES ON PANDEMIC CORONAVIRUS DISEASE

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease caused with newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy to suspend in the air and quickly fall on floors or surfaces. Persons can be infected by touching contaminated surface and then to touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. This disease since December 2019 when first was identified spread globally, resulting in the on-going 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. As of May 8, 2020, more than 3,916,338 cases have been reported across 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 270,711 deaths. More than 1,343,054 people have recovered. The purpose of this review article was to study preventive and measurable actions implemented by the respective countries nationwide to prevent COVID-19’s severity, spread, and mortality. The most affected nations were the USA, Spain, Italy, the UK, France, and Germany, and less affected India, whereas countries like New Zealand were not much affected. To this date, India was able to control spread of COVID-19 due to early measurable preventive control on this disease. The study including recovered rate of disease, growth rate of disease, and mortality rate was carried out for these countries. The study proved that measurable actions such as lockdown imposing and social distance maintenance were effective to prevent spread of COVID-19 and would be effective, as currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for this.

A Study on Methods to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 Based on Machine Learning

In this paper, a study was conducted to find a self-diagnosis method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 based on machine learning. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. According to WHO(World Health Organization)'s situation report published on May 18th, 2020, COVID-19 has already affected 4,600,000 cases and 310,000 deaths globally and still increasing. The most severe problem of COVID-19 virus is that it spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, which occurs in everyday life. And also, at this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. Because of the secure diffusion method and the absence of a vaccine, it is essential to self-diagnose or do a self-diagnosis questionnaire whenever possible. But self-diagnosing has too many questions, and ambiguous standards also take time. Therefore, in this study, using SVM(Support Vector Machine), Decision Tree and correlation analysis found two vital factors to predict the infection of the COVID-19 virus with an accuracy of 80%. Applying the result proposed in this paper, people can self-diagnose quickly to prevent COVID-19 and further prevent the spread of COVID-19.

The Coronavirus and The Employees: A Study from the Point of Human Resource Management

A highly felt need of knowing specifically the impact of Coronavirus disease on employees from the point of Human Resource Management exists. Hence a conceptual attempt was made to find answers for four specific research questions addressing the meaning of Coronavirus disease and its characteristics, its hazardousness, its impact on employees, and identification of employees who are at greater risk. These research questions were answered by adopting a desk research strategy. The study yielded that Coronavirus disease 2019 is a deadly infectious disease which is shortly called COVID-19. It is a plague that can spread from an infected person-to-person, and spreading occurs between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet); and via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is believed that patients are at their most contagious when they are most symptomatic, and some spread might be possible before people show symptoms. It is so hazardous that it can infect any person of any age living in any place in the world and subsequently cripple proper functioning of organizations of all sizes in all industries in all countries in the world. It has a tremendous negative impact on employees, and 15 specific fears were identified. The resultant stress was labeled as Stress By Corona (SBC). Employees who are at greater risk are health care, security force and police personnel.

Saliva and its role in the transmission of covid-19 - what the dentist needs to know

The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus which has been recently discovered. This virus is spread mainly through droplets of saliva or discharged from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes and this is an alert for all the dentists. For that reason, a relevant research has been done on this matter in order to determine the risk of the saliva of a patient infected with COVID-19 (symptomatic or asymptomatic), as well as its mechanism of transmission and the potential for contagion to which oral health professionals are exposed.

Estudio comparativo entre el contagio durante la cuarentena obligada por el COVID-19 y el contagio durante la apertura gradual y controlada para algunos sectores de la economía en Colombia

Introducción: el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19 ha sido clasificado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una emergencia en salud pública de importancia internacional (ESPII). Se han reconocido casos en todos los continentes y el 6 de marzo se confirmó el primero en Colombia. La infección se evidencia cuando una persona enferma tose o estornuda y expulsa partículas del virus que entran en contacto con otras personas. Objetivo: presentar un estudio comparativo entre el promedio de contagio durante la cuarentena obligada por el COVID-19 y el promedio de contagio durante la apertura gradual y controlada para algunos sectores de la economía. Materiales y métodos: se utilizó la base de datos de las personas infectadas por el COVID-19 con la información correspondiente al período 25 de marzo 2020 a 26 de abril 2020 de cuarentena obligada entre 27 de abril a 29 de mayo 2020 con la apertura gradual y controlada para algunos sectores de la economía. En su análisis se utilizó la prueba t-student para muestras independientes, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS v.25. Resultados: se presentó mayor contagio de personas por COVID-19 con la apertura global y sistemática de varios sectores de la economía; a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos aplicando la prueba t-student se pudo observar que hay evidencia para rechazar la hipótesis nula; por consiguiente, las medias son diferentes. Conclusiones: la estrategia a seguir es sostener el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio para los grupos específicos y la cuarenta en toda la población.

Rational perspectives on risk and certainty for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic

Rational perspectives on risk and certainty for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario.

Today, the whole world is fighting a public health emergency called ‘COVID-19’ caused by a new infectious virus called SARS-CoV2. Any person can catch COVID-19 from an infected person via aerosol droplets when the person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. To limit such a transmission, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended people to wear masks and physically distance themselves by staying at least 1 m (3 feet) away from others. As aerosol droplets (by cough or sneeze) land on objects and surfaces around the person such as tables, doorknobs and handrails, and remain active on these surfaces for hours to days, people are advised to use soaps for at least 20 s. and alcohol-based sanitizers as well. As the public made efforts, clinicians and researchers investigated and found that drugs which were initially used to treat other diseases may work as a treatment option for COVID-19. One of those drugs was Chloroquine and its related derivative called hydroxychloroquine. In this review article, we have systematically searched for details of COVID-19 pandemic till May 2020 and assembled few data pertaining to (i) Corona viruses; (ii) SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19’ and (iii) How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine mediates anti-viral effect in both prophylactic and therapeutic setting. These data have been acquired mostly from PubMed and websites of WHO and Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR). We did a systematic search and found that the properties of chloroquine are very much essential for the COVID-19 scenario. We also bring to you some evidence that the anti-lysosomal activity of chloroquine may be increased by botanicals like betulinic acid.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations.

Dennison Himmelfarb and Baptiste discuss the implications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for cardiovascular and socially at-risk populations COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the newly discovered pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, a novel RNA-dependent RNA polymerase betacoronavirus that is thought to derive from bats At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 The best way to prevent and slow transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads

How Digital Innovation and Dynamic Organization Concept Can Help Creative Industries to Survive COVID-19 Global Pandemic

In the beginning of 2020, an unidentified coronavirus that later on named as COVID-19 emerged and spread globally, causing chaos all over the world. Considering that the virus can easily spread through droplets when the infected person coughing or sneezing, the government is forcing everyone to do self-quarantine and work from home in order to lessen the number of infected people. Most of the institutions, industries, and companies are strongly affected by this pandemic and the creative industry is one of them. In Indonesia, the creative industries are projected to give significant contribution to Indonesia’s GDP. Seeing that, the creative industries need to survive the global pandemic, by understanding the concept of dynamic organization and digital innovation.

PKM (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Upaya Pencegahan Covid 19 Di Area Mesjid/ Musholla Di Lingkungan Ujung Gurap Kota Padangsidimpuan

Community Service (PKM) carried out in this manuscript is the whole community. The virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly transmitted through droplets (saliva splashes) produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy and cannot stay in the air, so they quickly fall and stick to the floor or other surface. We can get infected when we breathe air that contains the virus if we are too close to people who are already infected with COVID-19 (WHO, 2020). As an effort to end the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 Handling Task Force invites all people to be at the forefront by implementing 3 steps (wearing masks, maintaining distance and washing hands. This counseling is carried out to all members of the community to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19 in the Ujung Gurap neighborhood Padangsidimpuan City and carried out for one day using posters, leaflets and evaluations were carried out using a check list with an evaluation assessment through the process and results of counseling that all residents carried out the Health Protocol.

Airborne Transmission of COVID-19: Epidemiologic Evidence from Two Outbreak Investigations

SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing COVID-19, first emerged in humans in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Much remains unknown about COVID-19 transmission dynamics hampering the ability to implement effective preventive interventions. Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 transmission is critical to the prevention and containment of the disease. Several case studies have demonstrated transmission routes through close contact and respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Evidence on whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted as an aerosol (i.e., airborne) is highly sought after, and has profound public health implications during the global pandemic. To inform the knowledge gap and investigate potential transmission routes of COVID-19, we present the result from an outbreak investigation of COVID-19 among lay Buddhists worshiping in a temple. The attack rate on an enclosed bus containing an individual with COVID-19 was 34.3% while no one on a second similar bus was infected. The natural experiment provided convincing evidence that the disease transmission largely occurred during the bus rides. Through further epidemiologic investigation, we determined that the possibility of transmission by direct contact on the exposed bus was low. The absence of a significantly increased risk in the part of the bus closer to the index case suggested that the risk was fairly evenly distributed throughout, and thus, airborne spread of the virus may, at least partially, explain the extraordinarily high attack rate observed. This finding has important public health significance and future efforts at prevention and control should consider the potential for airborne spread of COVID-19, particularly in enclosed spaces with re-circulating air conditioning systems.

Microdroplets are more infectious of COVID-19 spread in a closed door.

To the Editor, Viruses are the most common cause of infectious disease acquired within indoor environments and have deep impact on human health which ranges from mild to severe life threatening considerable impact on human health.[1] The current epidemic of coronavirus diseases has become global threat and the focus on control and prevention of the diseases necessary as the global morbidity is increasing. The affected patients of this epidemic were exposed to wildlife animals at the Huanan seafood wholesale market of China. The spread of the disease is very contagious and rapid affecting globally and it is in rise in various parts of the country. The viruses have been identified as the most common cause of infectious diseases acquired within indoor environments,[2] Among the most common types causing respiratory infections are influenza viruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory sync-tial viruses (RSVs), and parainfluenza viruses.[2] The transmission of infection is of two main route, one is from the virus on the surfaces and other is infection from the droplets from the sneeze and cough skin flakes and fungal spores.[3] Each of these processes generates aerosol droplets of different characteristics in terms of their size and initial speed.[2] There is third type of spread through closed personnel contact within the home, community centers, daycares, school classroom, University through the microdroplets.[1] When a person sneeze or coughs, talks loud, vomiting the droplets is released which is of 1 mm in diameter which falls on the ground within a minute,[2] but the microdroplets which glitter through the air which are smaller than 10 micrometer or 100th of milliliter and diameter. They are small and light drifting through the air and stays and does not drift from air for a period of time. No studies have proven the volume of microdroplet for the infection. There is high risk of spread of infection in closed room or in a class room. For example, in a closed room of 10 people, if a person coughs once there is spread of 1,000 droplet with most of them fall on the ground in a minute and the the microdroplet spreads in a very high volume for long period. Cross-contamination at home. The spread of COVID-19 is high due to cross-infection caused by the environmental factors.[4] The spread of infection by microdroplets is high through the closed door with no fresh air. Few studies quote about the spread of infection of retrovirus on dining tables, telephones, mobiles, gas cylinder's textiles which get carried away from the airborne carrier leading to food-borne infection. Conclusion As the current epidemic of COVID-19 spread the human environments, including homes, offices, schools, and other settings, have high potential of harmful microorganisms. In considering measures against infection spread, the target is not eradication of these microorganisms, but limiting the risks of exposure to prevent larger disease outbreaks.[1] The lockdown and self-quarantine measures during this period is necessary in breaking the transmission along with the primary care by the physicians in control of the diseases with conducting more diagnostic test. Especially in developing countries with thick population family physicians plays a key role in ceasing the spread of infection in the community. The World Health organization in its recent recommendation has given the guidance on hand hygiene includes using washing hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), social distancing, giving fresh air in the closed rooms helps in drifting the virus through air force by opening the window, disinfectants are used in a variety of domestic situations, use of alcohol wipes to clean the food packages and surfaces. Declaration Prior presentation; No data was presented in any scientific presentation. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

A systematic study of online learning platforms in India and its application during covid-19

Coronavirus or COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) is very popular word among all as a deadly and infectious disease in the world. It is spreading through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneeze. It also spreads through the non-tangible objects that has virus on it, if someone touches it and touches their eyes, nose or mouth. The best method to prevent this disease is social distancing, sanitization, and stay at home and use of mask. The World Health Organisation(WHO) have declared it as pandemic. To restrict the spread of this disease different nations have declared shut down or lock down the entire country and closes all the educational institutions and other activities. Sudden declaration of the lockdown, gives importance to online learning resources and its providers. The national, international, and private educational bodies give more importance to online learning. Online learning has widened the scope of education and transcend it beyond classroom boundaries. This online learning technology is more transparent and does not discriminate between the front and back bench student. Digital learning can be possible when the society will be switching from the-traditional to the modern digital world and it creates lots of e-content. The enrolment of the MOOC Courses has been increasing at the accelerating rate within the last three months. This articles gives information about the different online learning platforms which are helping to the students, teachers and parents to learn the different subjects through the online in India and aboard. It also explains the importance, limitation of online learning.

Level of Depression in Tuberculosis Patients of Los Olivos Health Centers

Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, transmitted through its release into the air when a sick person coughs, sneezes or talks, so it can be inhaled by another person and infect it, it is necessary for patients to adopt family, work and social distancing to avoid infections, causing a risk of developing different levels of depression, which is detrimental due to its negative influence on decision-making. The frequency of depression in society is high, as is the predisposition of patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis due to the sudden change in their lifestyle, which is why it was proposed to determine the level of depression in tuberculosis patients at health centers from Los Olivos district, this study will also allow to know the most frequent physical and psychological reactions, in addition to the most predominant sex. To obtain the information, the corresponding permits were obtained and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), an international and nationally validated standardized instrument, was applied; the data was processed in the statistical software SPSS 24.0, and the graphics were subsequently extracted; where the following obtained results were reflected: 100% of the participants had some level of depression, the most prevalent being the level of moderate depression with 35.56%, being more present in the female population with 21.11% , it was also shown that 48.9% of patients almost always have little interest or pleasure in doing things.

COVID-19: the trends of conspiracy theories vs facts

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2-a new single-stranded RNA virus with respiratory system proclivity and epithelial cell- is a novel infectious disease that originated in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and has spread to many countries with the total number of confirmed cases put at 20,259,579 cases as of 12th August, 2020. It is transmitted from human-to-human via droplets. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, these droplets find their way into the mouth or nostrils of another person that is within a close range. Alternatively it can be contracted by touching infected hard surfaces and using the same hands to touch the mouth, nose and eye(s). COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. There is currently no therapeutic substance accepted as a panacea for the prophylaxis of this infectious disease. As a result of this back drop, many nations have instituted fourteen (14) days quarantine for suspected cases, social distancing and border closure in an attempt to curb the spread of COVID-19. There has been several conspirary theories that emanated since the disease was declared a pandemic. This paper provides useful information to serve as reference to those who seek proper understanding of COVID-19 and its deleterious effects in the body, by distiguishing between the facts and the conspiracy theories of coronavirus disease.

COVID-19 and dental sleep medicine: risks, precautions and patient guidance.

COVID-19 is the offcial name for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has become a pandemic, infecting more than 5 million people worldwide. Transmission occurs by inhaling droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes or exhales, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then rubbing their hands over their eyes, nose or mouth. Some infected people become seriously ill, while others have no symptoms, but even though they are asymptomatic, they can still transmit the virus. As vaccines and effective medications do not yet exist, the only way to handle the devastating consequences of the pandemic is prevention. Quality of sleep is essential for the immune system to be prepared to receive, fight and restore itself after a viral infection. Therefore, patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) should continue treatment, and only suspend or change the therapeutic modality under the guidance of a sleep physician. In the era of COVID-19, due to the high probability of contamination promoted by CPAP, the mandibular repositioning device has been considered as the first choice for patients with OSA. However, as the dental approach is at high risk of contamination, due to the proximity of the dental surgeon to the patient, it is essential that the professional who works in this field knows the risks to which they are exposed. Precautions must be adopted and patients should be guided in order to control and use of their intraoral devices.