The management of children with prolonged cough is largely dependent on the nature of the cough. Specific cough, which has the presence of specific cough pointers, and for which an underlying respiratory disorder can be identified (1), will warrant different treatment to a nonspecific cough. Signs and symptoms indicating specific cough include moist or productive cough, recurrent pneumonia, immune deficiency, failure to thrive, dyspnea at rest or on exertion, and abnormal auscultatory findings (wheeze, crackles and crepitations). Underlying disorders responsible for causing prolonged specific cough have been shown to include protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) as the most common cause (1,2), followed by bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, aspiration lung disease, eosinophilic lung disease, infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Bordetella pertussis, and asthma (1). PBB has been defined as a chronic moist cough that responds to antibiotic treatment (cough resolution within two weeks), with or without positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture (2,3). In a recent Australian study (2), the microbiology of persistent bacterial bronchitis was predominately Haemophilus influenzae (47%, n=20), Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%, n=15) and Moraxella catarrhalis (26%, n=11). More than one organism grew in a number of patients. This diagnosis (PBB) was found in 40% (n=43) of children presenting for treatment of a prolonged moist cough. Treatment was with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (400 mg/5 mL), dosed at 22.5 mg/kg twice daily; successful cough resolution was within two weeks.