Perspectives Of Perpetrators Research Articles

Violence Against Women and Girls in Zimbabwe: A Review of a Decade of the Empirical Literature.

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a complex social problem affecting many women globally. In Zimbabwe, intimate partner violence (IPV) and child marriages remain persistent public health problems with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of women and girls. Statistics show that Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of IPV and child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Given this background, this paper systematically reviewed published research on VAWG in Zimbabwe from 2012 to 2022 to identify research gaps. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we systematically searched for literature across five electronic databases: Web of Science, Medline, Psych-Info via EBSCO-Host, and Google Scholar. Our initial search yielded 261 articles, of which only 45 met our inclusion criteria. We summarized these studies using thematic analysis and performed a quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The findings revealed several gaps, including a limited focus on relational and perpetrator perspectives, insufficient attention to other forms of VAWG such as non-partner sexual violence, rape, and trafficking, and a lack of studies on marginalized groups such as people with disabilities, sex workers, and same-sex couples. In addition, there were no longitudinal studies examining trends and dynamics of VAWG over extended periods or comparing different geographical regions. Few studies also focused on the evaluation of interventions. Although significant progress has been made in addressing VAWG, this review underscores the need for more research to fill these gaps for effective and evidence-based policymaking and response strategies.

Workplace Mistreatment: New Insights From the Perspectives of Targets, Perpetrators, and Observers

Workplace Mistreatment: New Insights From the Perspectives of Targets, Perpetrators, and Observers

Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses’ Workplace Bullying Experiences Focusing on Meritocracy Belief, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Culture: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Aims. To identify the factors influencing hospital nurses’ workplace bullying experiences (victim and perpetrator aspects) focusing on meritocracy beliefs, emotional intelligence, and organizational culture. Background. Workplace bullying remains a major issue in nursing despite decades of research and policy‐making. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the individual and institutional factors affecting workplace bullying from both the victim and perpetrator perspectives is crucial. Methods. In October 2022, 379 nurses working in South Korean tertiary hospitals were surveyed using a self‐reported online questionnaire. Meritocracy beliefs, emotional intelligence, workplace bullying experiences, and nursing organizational culture were measured using the Meritocracy Belief Scale, Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised, and Positive Nursing Organizational Culture Measurement Tool, respectively. Results. Gamma regression analysis revealed that, for workplace bullying, the factors influencing the victim aspect were the experience of witnessing bullying in the workplace, organizational culture, and meritocracy beliefs. In contrast, the factors affecting the perpetrator aspect were emotional intelligence, meritocracy beliefs, and experience of bullying at work. Conclusion. Decreasing nurses’ degree of meritocratic hubris in a positive organizational culture and increasing their emotional intelligence are necessary to prevent and intervene in workplace bullying. Implications for Nursing Management. Targeted approaches are needed to address and mitigate the detrimental effects of factors influencing workplace bullying. These approaches could include interventions that improve nurses’ emotional intelligence, assess their level of meritocracy beliefs, and offer opportunities for self‐reflection on meritocratic hubris. Such initiatives may be necessary to effectively tackle workplace bullying and promote a healthier nursing work environment.

Exploring the use of story completion to understand the perpetration of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships

PurposeThis paper presents a novel exploration of the story completion (SC) method for investigating perpetration of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships (TAR).Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted the infrequently used SC method to explore TAR perpetration. The perpetration of TAR can involve socially undesirable and potentially illegal behaviours such as online stalking, non-consensual sharing of nude images, and other coercive and controlling behaviours. These problematic behaviours present an ideal context for employing the SC method to reveal new data on TAR perpetrator perspectives, motivations and behaviours.FindingsThe SC method elicited new hypotheses regarding TAR perpetration behaviours and motivations. Post-study reflection on the multifaceted nature of perpetration raised questions about the utility of SC as a stand-alone method for investigating TAR perpetration. Challenges encountered included: striking the most effective length, detail and ambiguity in the story stems, difficulty in eliciting important contextual features in participants’ stories, and other issues scholars encounter when investigating perpetration of violence more broadly. The authors close with suggestions for more effective use of SC methodology in TAR and intimate partner violence research.Originality/valueThis paper expands discussion of the SC method’s application and extends scholarship on violence and perpetration research methodologies. The paper demonstrates the importance of story stem design to the attainment of research objectives and the usefulness and limitations of SC in exploring this sensitive topic and hard-to-reach population. It also advocates for the combined application of SC with other methodological approaches for the attainment of research outcomes when investigating multifaceted phenomenon.

Islamophobia as a religious-based horizontal conflict and its resolution

Islamophobia is a complex issue to discuss, starting from history, to the terrorist and extremist acts behind it. The definition of the term Islamophobia itself is studied to look at this issue from the point of view of conflict with two perspectives of perpetrators and victims as well. This also includes the influence of the media in herding opinions and disseminating them, as well as the Islamophobia Resolution established by the United Nations as an effort to counter this anti-Islamic sentiment. Islamophobia is included in the category of a dangerous circle where if the chain is not immediately broken, discrimination will continue to occur, leading to violence that results in victims. Alignment between racism and Islamophobia is also important in order to build a narrative that both views are prohibited. There is no single solution to combat Islamophobia, but several efforts can be made to build awareness and integrate Islamic values with universal humanity values, and the Islamophobia Resolution is one of the initiatives for that.

Peer stigma, consequences, and anti-stigma strategies in adolescents with mental disorders: a qualitative investigation

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the local perspectives, based on culture and beliefs about peer stigma, consequences and strategies to reduce mental health stigma among adolescents in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study included 30 participants, including students, teachers, health professionals and lecturers. Two sessions of focus group discussions and 14 sessions of in-depth interviews were performed to collect the data. A qualitative content analysis was carried out, and some related themes and sub-themes were explored.FindingsThis study found that peer stigma was prevalent and negatively impacted the psychological, social and intellectual development of adolescents with mental disorders (MD) in Indonesian society. Five strategies to tackle peer stigma were proposed, including increasing mental health literacy (MHL), reducing the harmful effects of stigma, fostering a supportive social environment, expanding access to and improving the quality of mental health care and advocating for public health policies.Research limitations/implicationsMore qualitative research on the experiences and perspectives of victims, perpetrators and society concerning mental health stigma in adolescents is required to fully understand why stigma arises, what causative factors and repercussions it has, as well as how to deal with it.Practical implicationsPeer stigma still exists among adolescents. It has negative impacts on their mental and psychological well-being. MHL, social environment, the harmful effects of stigma, as well as mental health access and policy were concerns of this study. A school is a place where adolescents spend most of their social time. Schools play a vital part in the stigma-reduction program.Originality/valueMental health stigma among adolescents with MD is an issue that has potentially hindered mental health recovery. Anti-stigma intervention based on local perspectives is valuable in increasing the effectiveness and acceptance of interventions.

From Threat to Challenge: Understanding the Impact of Historical Collective Trauma on Contemporary Intergroup Conflict

Collective memories of trauma can have profound impact on the affected individuals and communities. In the context of intergroup conflict, in the present article, we propose a novel theoretical framework to understand the long-term impact of historical trauma on contemporary intergroup relations from both victim and perpetrator perspectives. Integrating past research on intergroup conflict and the biopsychosocial model of threat and challenge, we argue that people appraise their group’s past victimization and perpetration differently, either as a threat or as a challenge. Shaped by contextual factors and individual differences, these differential appraisals will subsequently influence how group members respond to contemporary intergroup conflict, with both adaptive and maladaptive consequences. This model contributes to unifying the previous research that has shown diverse effects of historical trauma on present-day intergroup dynamics. We present preliminary empirical evidence in support of the framework and discuss its theoretical and practical implications.

A Cybersecurity Incident Classification Integrating the Perspectives of Perpetrators and Target Companies

A Cybersecurity Incident Classification Integrating the Perspectives of Perpetrators and Target Companies

악플의 원인 및 피해 관련 주요 요인 분석 : 혼합 방법론 접근

With the development of information technology and the popularization of smartphones, criminal acts that occurred offline are rapidly increasing as they move to cyberspace. Since cybercrime occurs beyond time and space, the spread of damage is fast, and it has been raised as a serious social problem as well as individuals with an unspecified number of crimes. In particular, the negative phenomenon of malicious use of social media and blogs has been increasing as online communication with other people has become active. As cyber defamation and insults caused by malicious comments have been mentioned as serious social problems, solutions through related studies have been proposed, but most of the existing studies have been cases and survey studies in terms of abuse. In this study, the major factors of the abuse and damage of malicious comments are derived through multidimensional analysis using an interview and text mining from the perspectives of perpetrators and victims. This study proposes prevention and improvement measures based on the derived factors.

Elder abuse in the oldest old: prevalence, risk factors and consequences.

BackgroundExperiences of abuse in relationships with an expectation of trust are a common phenomenon among older people and is called elder abuse (EA). This can take various forms, such as physical, verbal, emotional, psychological, financial, sexual abuse or neglect. Due to their high vulnerability and difficulties in receiving support, people aged over 80 years old have been pointed out as a group that needs special focus in research.ObjectivePrevalence, risk factors and consequences of EA for different aspects of quality of life are explored among the oldest old.Material and methodsComputer-assisted personal interviews were conducted in a representative sample of the oldest old in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). 988 self-report interviews without third persons present of the NRW80+ study are used to assess EA with the help of the elder abuse and emotional consequences scale (EACS). The EACS describes EA in six dimensions that give a broad understanding of EA.ResultsPrevalence of experiences of EA within the last 12 months was 54.1%. In logistic regression, multimorbidity, lower functioning, age below 90 years, smaller social network size, and aggressive behaviorwere significant risk factors for EA. People experiencing EA showed less life satisfaction and autonomy and increased loneliness and depressive symptoms.ConclusionEA is prevalent among the oldest old. Serious consequences of EA on life results can be shown with a broad operationalization of EA. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of reasons for EA and reflect on the relationship between and the perspectives of perpetrators and victims.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00391-021-01945-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Democratic pilgrimage: Swedish students’ understanding of study trips to Holocaust memorial sites

ABSTRACT This article focuses on Swedish students’ understanding of study trips to Holocaust memorial sites. Although about a quarter of all Swedish teenagers visit the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum each year, with the majority visiting as students as part of their school curriculum, this study is the first to examine these study trips from a student perspective. By applying critical discourse analysis, this article analyses 49 students’ reflections, written before, during, and after two study trips. The results suggest that the study trips’ discursive practice, which constitutes and is constituted by the study trips’ social practice, is regulated by a discursive order termed democratic pilgrimage. In addition, this article reveals two didactic deviations from previous research on study trips: the students’ positive feelings in relation to the Polish environment and the balance between victim and perpetrator perspectives. The latter creates tension within the students and is solved via articulations of democratic values.

Was that (cyber)bullying? Investigating the operational definitions of bullying and cyberbullying from adolescents’ perspective

Background/Objective: Despite the great interest that bullying and cyberbullying have received during the last decades, the problem of defining these phenomena is still debated. Recently, this discussion has also been articulated in terms of how young people who are directly involved in bullying and cyberbullying understand these notions. This study aimed at investigating the operational definitions of both bullying and cyberbullying provided by adolescent victims and perpetrators, by inquiring the weight of traditional criteria (i.e., frequency, deliberateness, imbalance of power, and harm) as well as dominance in the perception of these phenomena. Method: A total of 899 students aged between 11 and 16 years filled out the Student Aggression and Victimisation Questionnaire. Results: Common traits and differences between the operational definition of bullying and cyberbullying and between the perspectives of victims and perpetrators of aggression were found. The most relevant criterion for the perception of both these phenomena was clearly the presence of dominance. By contrast, the imbalance of power showed no significant relationship with the perception of being bullied or bullying others both offline and online. Conclusions: Findings emphasise that young people conceptualise bullying with a clear reference to relational and group processes, rather than to individual differences.

工作场所不文明行为的成因——实施者和受害者两个角度的解读

工作场所不文明行为的成因——实施者和受害者两个角度的解读

Exploring Violent Cosmologies From a “Radical Interactionist” Approach

This article advances a theoretical perspective on violent crime, using interviews with male prisoners in Italy who had perpetrated violence. By drawing on Athens’ (1992, 1997, 2007, 2017) “radical interactionism,” we propose the concept of “violent cosmology” in order to counter linear explanations of cause and effect. In an effort to complement narrative criminologists’ contributions, we seek to recognize and understand the dimensions of meaning that are accessed by social actors when they prepare and carry out a violent act, exploring the psycho-social processes that animate violent social experiences from the perspectives of perpetrators. Specifically, we suggest that a “radical interactionist” approach, in dialogue with narrative criminology, can help (1) illuminate the sources of perpetrators’ narratives; (2) explore the interplay between individuals and social structures; and (3) investigate ambiguities in the narratives of violent actors. Finally, we examine how enhancing the reflexivity of violent actors and recognizing the specificity and integrity of their lives and social experiences is a necessary precondition for understanding violent crime.

Close or Distant Past? The Role of Temporal Distance in Responses to Intergroup Violence From Victim and Perpetrator Perspectives.

In two different intergroup contexts, three studies investigated the role of temporal distance in responses to intergroup violence from both victim and perpetrator perspectives. In the context of the conflict between Serbs and Bosniaks, Study 1 showed that whereas increased subjective temporal distance predicted less support for justice-restoring efforts and less outgroup empathy among the perpetrator group (Serbs), it predicted more conciliatory, pro-outgroup attitudes among the victim group (Bosniaks). Furthermore, Bosniaks perceived the war as temporally closer than did Serbs. In the context of the U.S.–Iran conflict, Study 2 provided a partial conceptual replication of Study 1 and demonstrated that ingroup glorification motivated more temporal distancing among perpetrators and less temporal distancing among victims. Study 3 further established the causal effects of temporal distance on intergroup outcomes, and that these effects were moderated by glorification. Implications for post-conflict peacebuilding are discussed.

True stories: Storytelling and empathy in None in Three’s digital game narratives

Since its conception in 2017, the Global None in Three (Ni3) Research Centre for the Prevention of Gender Based Violence (GBV) has been working to collect real stories about people’s personal experiences of GBV from both victim and perpetrator perspectives. Led by a team of experts from across the globe, these real-life experiences have been used to inform the development of a series of serious, prosocial computer games whose narratives, in-game dialogue and characters are based around this empirical data. This article discusses the translation of these stories into the games’ digital narratives, and explores how their re-telling is fundamental to the success of the games as educational tools for increasing empathy in players and, ultimately, for changing attitudes and behaviours towards GBV. In doing so, it explores the coexistence and fluctuating relationship between digital narratives and the spoken word – whose significance might be seen to book-end the None in Three project as a whole, in its development of the game and in the dissemination of its message about preventing gender-based violence.

The Detrimental Effect of Sexual Objectification on Targets' and Perpetrators' Sexual Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Sexual Coercion.

Sexual objectification is a variable to consider for understanding the sexual violence that takes place into intimate context. The set of studies presented here aims to connect sexual objectification phenomena with sexual coercion and explore the consequences that both have on sexual satisfaction. Two studies examined the association between sexual objectification and sexual satisfaction for both views: female target (Study 1) and male perpetrator (Study 2) perspectives. The results of the first study (n = 138 heterosexual women) demonstrated that perceiving partner objectification (but not reporting general sexual objectification victimization) is indirectly linked to a lower sexual satisfaction because of lower rejection and higher sexual coercion rates. The second study (n = 136 heterosexual men) showed the indirect effect of partner objectification and general sexual objectification perpetration on sexual satisfaction after sexual coercion perpetration. Results of both studies demonstrated the negative consequences that sexual objectification has on sexual satisfaction for both male perpetrators and female targets.

Workplace Victimization in the Public Sector: Evidence on Negative Affectivity and Conflict Styles

The purpose of the study is to analyze negative affectivity and conflict styles as potential causes of workplace victimization. A sample survey of 100 respondents was conducted in the public sector in Indonesia.<em> </em>Multiple regression analysis was used in the study to test the hypothesis. Results suggested that there was a significant relationship between negative affectivity and perceived victimization. Furthermore, we found that conflict styles were related to perceived victimization. Obliging style and integrating style had a negative relationship with perceived victimization. Meanwhile, the dominating style was positively related to perceived victimization. This study investigated empirically workplace victimization in the public sector from the victims’ perspective. Caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Future studies can investigate both victims' and perpetrator's perspectives in the analysis of workplace victimization. Also, future research should pay attention to the extent to which certain types of leaders, organizational factors and person behaviors influence victimization. An understanding of individual determinants will help an organization to prevent victimization in the environment. Also, the organization should have a certain mechanism to protect employees from workplace victimization. To the extent of the author’s knowledge, this research is one of the few studies that has been made from the victim’s perspective of workplace victimization in the public sector in Indonesia.

The cyberbullying behavior of Taiwanese adolescents in an online gaming environment

Based on Willard's (2007) classification of the eight types of cyberbullying behavior, this study examined primary, junior and senior high school students' bullying behavior in online gaming and the relationship between this behavior and their perception of the seriousness of bullying from the perspectives of perpetrators and victims. Factors related to cyberbullying, including gender and education level, were also examined. We used cyberbullying in online games scale to investigate the prevalence of students. Among 1112 respondents with valid questionnaires, 81% (n = 902) responded their demographic information. Participants comprised elementary students (n = 268, 29.7%), junior high school students (n = 223, 24.7%) and senior high school students (n = 411, 45.6%). Among them, 62.7% (n = 565) were males, and 37.3% (n = 337) were females. Our study revealed that cyberbullying and cyber-victimization behavior from Willard's (2007) eight classifications indeed existed in Taiwanese adolescent players, although the frequencies varied from person to person. Compared with primary and junior high school students and girls, senior high school students and boys were found to have more experience with various types of cyberbullying as both the perpetrator and the victim. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between victims and bullies in the perception of the seriousness of CB outing acts. Therefore, to keep students from engaging in these deviant behaviors and becoming victims, schools and teachers should provide assistance that varies from student to student.

The GENAHTO Project (Gender and Alcohol's Harm to Others): Design and methods for a multinational study of alcohol's harm to persons other than the drinker.

Most alcohol research has focused on how drinking harms the drinker. Research on alcohol's harms to others (AHTO) has studied primarily single or small groups of countries. This article describes the methodology of a new multinational study - GENAHTO - of how social and cultural contexts are related to AHTO, from the perspectives of both perpetrators and victims. The GENAHTO Project uses surveys in 21 countries that provide data from drinkers who report causing harms to others, and surveys in 16 countries that provide data from victims of AHTO. The countries surveyed vary widely in alcohol policies, drinking cultures, gender-role definitions, and socioeconomic conditions. More than 140,000 men and women, aged 15-84, participated in the surveys. Individual-level measures include demographics, alcohol use patterns, and alcohol-related harms. Regional- and societal-level measures include socioeconomic conditions, drinking patterns, alcohol policies, gender inequality, and income inequality. The project seeks to identify characteristics of AHTO victims and perpetrators; within-country regional differences in AHTO; and associations between national alcohol polices and individual and regional levels of AHTO. GENAHTO is the first project to assess AHTO in diverse societies. Its findings can inform policies to abate AHTO in varying cultural contexts.