Multifunctional nanozyme-embedded hydrogels for advanced diabetic wound management.

Dual enzyme-mimicking bimetallic MOF for selective SERS detection of L-DOPA in human serum based on cascade catalytic reaction.

Artificial enzymes have been rapidly developed in recent years. However, the homogenous charge distribution of active sites hinders the enhancement of the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Herein, a dual-heteroatom doping strategy is developed for the design and modulation of MOF-derived carbon hybrids (ZFPS: ZnS/FeP/Fe4P6N12S). By introducing electronegative P and S atoms, the coordination environment of the metal sites is tuned, leading to the formation of narrow bandgap materials with asymmetric charge distribution and electron-rich active sites. This structural optimization enhances both substrate adsorption-desorption capacity and electron transfer efficiency. Density functional theory calculations confirm that P, S co-doping modulates the D-band electronic structure of Fe sites, thereby enhancing the affinity between the substrates and the active sites. Compared to its counterpart without P, S doping, ZFPS exhibits a 33.3-fold increase in peroxidase-like activity (Kcat/Km), as well as superior halogen peroxidase-like and glutathione depletion capability. The multiple catalytic activities synergistically facilitate the rapid generation of highly toxic reactive oxygen species at low H2O2 concentrations, enabling effective eradication of bacterial biofilms, which is verified in anti-oral-biofilm application. This work establishes a facile strategy for improving the catalytic activities of artificial enzymes, which will promote the development of antimicrobial biomaterials.

Green synthesis of hawthorn polysaccharide-stabilized Pd@Ru nanozymes for sensitive colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticides.

Pt nanoparticles modified single-atoms nanozymes with tunable metal valence for rapid chlorpyrifos colorimetric detection.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) is a persistent pollutant in industrial wastewater, and its detection remains challenging due to the inherent limitations of conventional methods in sensitivity, field applicability, and cost. To overcome these challenges, we established a highly sensitive colorimetric sensing system based on a rationally designed nanocomposite material. Surface-reactive Ti3C2Tx nanoribbons (Ti3C2TxNR) were successfully synthesized by controllable alkaline treatment of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, followed by the deposition of platinum nanoparticles to form PtNPs/Ti3C2TxNR hybrids with peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The detection mechanism of this system is based on the competitive interaction between Cr⁶⁺ and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), which regulates the colorimetric response of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB). The colorimetric system exhibits a good linear response in the concentration range of 5nM to 10µM, with a detection limit of 0.52nM, demonstrating excellent sensitivity. Importantly, to enhance the applicability for on-site detection, a paper-based platform was further developed, which maintains high sensitivity while offering portability, rapid response, and visual readout. Compared with traditional instrument-dependent methods, this platform generates a concentration-dependent colorimetric response visible to the naked eye and offers significant advantages in simplifying operation, reducing detection costs, and improving field applicability, providing a practical and effective solution for the efficient detection of Cr⁶⁺.

Dual-targeted multifunctional ultrasmall sulfur-AuPt nanocomposite for NIR-II photothermal enhanced chemodynamic therapy.

Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor of amyloid-β oligomer detection via porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks enhanced by iron single-atom catalysts.

Reliable enrichment monitoring and removal of CrO42- and S2- using multivalent W-doped Ag quantum-dot biomimetic nanozyme.

Ultra-sensitive self-powered patulin detection via CoOOH nanozyme-glucose oxidase bioconjugate and DNA walker-catalyzed nucleic acid frameworks.

Atomic-shell engineering in manganese-doped palladium@iridium nanozymes: d-Band optimization for enhanced peroxidase-like activity in ultrasensitive lateral flow immunoassays

Oxygen vacancies rich yttrium doped-Co3O4 nanosheets with peroxidase-like activity for sensitive rutin detection

Ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor for determination of Golgi Protein 73 based on boron, nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots and copper metal-organic framework.

Biomineralized CaCO3@Pd@C nanosystem as multifunctional nanozyme for intervening in tumor microenvironment to efficient cancer therapy.

Novel ultrafine Pt@Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme enables robust aflatoxin B1 immunoassay in diverse marine and agricultural systems.

MXene-enhanced electrochemiluminescence biosensor for SERPINE1 detection via β-turn-responsive peptide as a functional biological macromolecule switch.

Ultrasensitive and precise point-of-care detection of mercury ions using pressure and temperature as readout based on mercury-regulated catalase and peroxidase mimetic activities of Au nanoparticles decorated covalent organic polymer.

An adaptive and label-free colorimetric assay for EDTA using copper(II)-aptamer complexes as soft nanozymes.

Clostridium difficileis one of the primary causative agents of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diseases. Early detection and prevention are effective strategies to curb disease transmission, which often requires highly sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) methods. Although lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology-known for its convenience, speed, and cost-effectiveness-has gained prominence in POCT, its application in early screening remains limited due to relatively low sensitivity. Herein, a two-stage cascading enhancement strategy based on reductase-like and peroxidase-like activities of nanozyme to construct a colorimetrically enhanced LFIA platform is proposed. Specifically, Zn2+-doped WOX (Zn/WOX) loaded with Au nanoparticles (Zn/WOX@Au) first generates an initial colorimetric signal through immunochromatography. Subsequently, in situ light-induced deposition of Pt creates Zn/WOX@Au@Pt, which exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity based on optimal band structure between the components for colorimetric signal amplification. As a result, a 500-fold enhancement in the visual limit of detection (LOD) is achieved. Moreover, the fitted LOD based on grayscale analysis forClostridium difficiletoxin B (Tcd B) reaches 0.01ngmL-1. This strategy not only maintains the operational simplicity of LFIA but also considerably strengthens the colorimetric signal, offering a novel approach for highly sensitive colorimetric-enhanced LFIA detection.

Nanozymes with peroxidase-like (POD) activity are increasingly utilized as functional replacements for horseradish peroxidase in various assays. In particular, their application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) has led to the development of nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assays (NLISA). NLISA follow the well-established ELISA procedure and have been reported for a wide range of nanozymes and analytes. However, most developments overlook the fundamental differences between enzyme and nanozyme catalysis, often resulting in nonoptimal protocols in a kinetically limited regime. Herein, using core@shell Au@Pt and Au@Pd POD-like nanozymes, we demonstrate significant differences in the Michaelis-Menten constant depending on the shell thickness. Furthermore, for the first time, we report the unusually high stability of POD-like activity at ultralow pH values (down to minus 0.56). This unique feature enabled us to propose new strategies for terminating the catalytic reaction. In summary, we show that consideration of the distinct catalytic properties of nanozymes enables the development of NLISA protocols with up to an order of magnitude higher sensitivity and minimized background.