Periorbital Wrinkles Research Articles

Types of periocular wrinkles based on anatomical and contractile characteristics of participating periocular muscles: A modified classification method and personalized injection technique.

Clinical classification methods for periocular wrinkles based on participating muscle behavior are lacking, and traditional treatment lacks detailed and individualized methods. This study aimed to propose a modified classification system and individualized treatment for periocular wrinkles based on the participating muscles. Periocular wrinkles were classified into types I.I, I.II, I.III, II, and III. A personalized treatment pattern with a multipoint, low-dose technique was developed based on wrinkle classification and severity. Standard photographs were taken and assessments made at follow-up to evaluate wrinkle severity. Wrinkle severity was reduced at 1 and 3months after periorbital botulinum toxin injection, and no serious adverse events were recorded. Periorbital wrinkles were classified according to participating muscles. The modified injection pattern was individualized, effective, and safe for the treatment of periorbital wrinkles.

A 5-hour follow-up of the impact on ageing facial signs of some foundations in Japanese women through automatically analysed selfie pictures.

To explore the possibility of an automatic grading algorithm to detect and quantify, from selfie pictures, the subtle changes of facial signs brought by the application of a foundation. A total of 270 Japanese differently aged women (30-54y) living in four different Japanese cities took selfies before, immediately and 5 h after having applied their own foundation, with their own routine. The analysis of 810 selfie pictures revealed (3 times × 270 women) that, prior to applications, all women presented a low grade of facial ageing. In most cases, the severities of less marked facial signs were detected and quantified, found affected by routine at different extents in all age-classes, but more intensely in the older age-class (45-54y) despite their more pronounced signs in bare skin status. In contrast, periorbital wrinkles were detected as more severe in all age-classes at both timing, that is, immediately and 5 h post-application as well as Nasolabial folds 5 h post-application. The amplitude of these positive or negative changes, although found of low amplitude, as decimals of the initial grades, was significantly detected. This automatic system appears apt at grading subtle changes in facial ageing signs brought by a foundation and could be a valuable help to the consumers of make-up products, in refining their individual procedure to obtain a more personalized desired facial appearance.

A Prospective Trial of the Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency System Application in the Treatment of Infraorbital Dark Circles

BackgroundInfraorbital dark circles (IDC) are commonly consulted in aesthetic practice. There is not yet a multifactorial approach to facilitating their treatment.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of the microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MRF) system for the treatment of IDC.MethodsA prospective, split-face, evaluator-blind clinical trial was conducted to study the change in the overall appearance, color, and wrinkles in 21 female patients with mixed type IDC before and after MFR treatment.ResultsBoth patients and independent evaluators found significant improvement on the global aesthetic scales after the MFR treatment, especially on periorbital wrinkles (p=0.031). Trends in decreased melanin density in the IDC area were found, but no statistical differences were established. No side effects were observed.ConclusionMFR is a safe and effective modality for improving mixed type IDC by correcting the structural factors.

Efficacy and Safety of Using Noninsulated Microneedle Radiofrequency Alone versus in Combination with Polynucleotides for Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles.

IntroductionA few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of noninsulated radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) to treat periorbital wrinkles in Asian patients. Recently, wound healing accelerators, polynucleotides (PNs), have received attention in wound management. However, their efficacy and safety have not been fully elucidated following RFNM. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of noninsulated RFMN for periorbital wrinkles and the synergistic effect of PNs after RFMN.MethodsThirty subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III to V and facial wrinkles (Fitzpatrick grades I and II) were enrolled. All volunteers were treated over the entire face with noninsulated RFMN for three sessions at 2-week intervals. The left and right sides of each patient’s face were randomly assigned to receive PNs (treatment group) or normal saline solution (control group). The indentation and maximum depth of wrinkles were objectively measured using Antera 3D. Subjective self-evaluations were obtained at baseline, 2 weeks after the third treatment, and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after the final treatment. In addition, pain scores, immediate reactions, and other adverse effects were evaluated.ResultsTwenty-nine subjects completed the treatment protocol. Most presented with grade II wrinkling (69%). At 2-month follow-up, Antera 3D image analysis revealed faster improvement for the treatment group. At 6-month follow-up, the majority of subjects reported an improvement of 25–75% in their periorbital wrinkles. The average pain score was 2.2 out of 10. No serious adverse events (infection, pigmentary alteration, persistent erythema, or scarring) were observed.ConclusionsNoninsulated RFMN is safe and effective for treating periorbital wrinkles and can be used as a modality for transdermal drug delivery. Topical polynucleotides as an adjunctive treatment provide additional benefits for periorbital wrinkle treatment.Trial Registration NumberTCTR20201105007.

Clinical Evidence of Effects of Green Mandarin (Putgyul) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Green mandarins are widely consumed unripe as mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marcov.), which exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to verify the skin improvement efficacy and safety of green mandarin extract (PTE). For the standardization of PTE, narirutin was set as a marker compound, and PTE with a constant narirutin content was prepared for the study. After randomizing subjects with periorbital wrinkles, they were orally administered PTE (300 mg/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Periorbital wrinkles were measured using PRIMOSCR SF. Skin elasticity, moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and gloss were also measured. In the study results, the depth, volume, and skin roughness of the periorbital wrinkles were significantly improved compared to the control group (p = 0.011, 0.009, and 0.004, respectively). The survey confirmed that the skin condition improved after PTE consumption for 12 weeks. No adverse reactions associated with PTE were observed during the study period. Thus, the results demonstrate that PTE effectively improves UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is considered that PTE has sufficient value as a functional food ingredient that can prevent skin aging.

Percutaneous Electromyoneurolysis of the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: A Permanent Substitute of Botulinum Toxinin Crow’s Feet

The skin is exposed to many factors that cause wrinkling and loss of elasticity. For the past 30 years, Botulinum Toxin (BT) injections have been the gold standard of treatment for wrinkle reduction. In this article, the authors propose a permanent treatment for crow’s feet wrinkles: Percutaneous Electromyoneurolysis (PEMN) of the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle (OOM) which blocks muscular and nerve fibers using an electrosurgical unit. This procedure was performed on 34 patients between 2016 and 2021, with the objective of attenuating lateral periorbital wrinkles (crow’s feet) or benign essential blepharospasm. The results were evaluated and deemed successful after a 9-month follow-up. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness and viability of this approach and may lead to future applications in facial aesthetics.

Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of a lipophilic pro-vitamin C derivative, tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid.

Tetra-isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid (VC-IP), an oil-soluble vitamin C derivative, is known to be effective for treating photoaging skin caused by oxidative stress. In addition, it is known that morphological changes of the skin occur on the face with aging, and the main cause has been reported to be photoaging. There have not been any published reports that examined the clinical effects of vitamin C derivatives on periorbital wrinkles. The purpose of this study was to characterize the potential anti-wrinkle effect of VC-IP. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, split face clinical trial was performed on 3groups of 23 female subjects each who used 1%, 2%, or 3% VC-IP creams versus a placebo cream to treat their facial wrinkles. VC-IP cream was applied on the periorbital area on one side of the face of each subject twice a day for 8weeks and a placebo cream was applied on the other side. Anti-wrinkle effects were evaluated by visual wrinkle grading and topographic assessments. Periorbital wrinkles treated with VC-IP twice a day for 8weeks showed marked or moderate improvements according to visual observations and grading of photographs. Moreover, topographic assessments confirmed the improving effects of VC-IP, and more interestingly, the appearance of those effects differed depending on the VC-IP concentration. In addition, sufficient improvement was observed in parameters reported to be associated with dermal structure at lower concentrations of VC-IP. These results indicate that topical application of VC-IP cream reduces periorbital wrinkles caused by skin aging.

Clinical efficacy of different therapeutic modes of CO2 fractional laser for treatment of static periocular wrinkles in Asian skin.

Periocular fine lines and wrinkles usually appear as a first visible sign of facial aging. Fractional ablative laser has been used to treat periorbital wrinkles. To compare the efficacy on treatment of static periorbital wrinkles using different emission modes of CO2 fractional laser. A total of 30 patients with static periorbital wrinkles were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned into two split-face groups: One side was treated with a deep (n=15) or mid-mode of CO2 superficial laser (n=15), and the other side of periocular region was treated by a fusion mode in combination of both modes (n=30). The patients in three groups showed significant improvements on indexes of periocular wrinkles, skin textures, and elasticity at three-month follow-up as compared with baseline (p<0.05). Fusion mode resulted in a significantly progressive improvement on periocular wrinkles at three-month follow-up as compared with one-month follow-up (p<0.05), which were not observed in other modes. Fusion mode delivered better improvements of periocular wrinkles and skin textures as compared to deep and mid-modes at three-month follow-up (p<0.05). Fusion mode also resulted in better scores of global esthetic improvement scale and patient satisfaction as compared to other modes at both follow-ups. The fusion mode has a synergistic effect in periorbital static wrinkle treatment, which is worthy of further evaluation and investigation.

Transcriptomic and histological analysis of exposed facial skin areas wrinkled or not and unexposed skin.

Skin aging involves genetic, environmental and hormonal factors.Facial wrinkles also depend on muscular activity. Gene expression investigation may be useful for new anti-aging products. To evaluate structure and gene expression differences among exposed and unexposed skin in menopausal women. Cross-sectional study, including 15 menopausal women, 55-65 years, phototype III; photo-exposed, periorbital wrinkles (A1), preauricular, not wrinkled (A2), and unexposed gluteal (A3) areas were described and compared by non-invasive measures, histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression (RNASeq); participants mean age was 61yo, presenting moderate periorbital wrinkles and light facial photodamage. Higher roughness, wrinkles number and echogenicity were observed in A1 and A2 versus A3. Decreased epidermal thickness and dermal collagen IV were demonstrated in A1 versus A2 and A3. Exposed areas impacted different pathways compared to unexposed. Exposed wrinkled skin (A1) showed impact on cell movement with decreased inflammatory activation state. Pathways related to lipid and aminoacids metabolism were modulated in non-wrinkled exposed (A2) compared to unexposed (A3) skin. Expected histological findings and gene expression differences among areas were observed. Photoaging in menopausal women may modulate lipid and aminoacids metabolism and decrease inflammatory and keratinization pathways, cellular homeostasis, immune response, fibrogenesis and filament formation. These findings may help development of new therapies for skin health and aging control.

Development, Characterization, and Clinical Investigation of a New Topical Emulsion System Containing a Castanea sativa Spiny Burs Active Extract.

The study focused on the development and characterization of an O/W emulsion for skincare containing Castanea sativa spiny burs extract (CSE) as functional agent. The emulsion was stable and had suitable physicochemical and technological properties for dermal application and CSE showed no cytotoxicity in spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) at active concentrations. A single-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric study was designed to evaluate the skin tolerability and the skin performance of the CSE-loaded emulsion on healthy human volunteers. An improvement was observed in skin biomechanical properties such as hydration, skin elasticity and a reduction in the periorbital wrinkles in 30 days without altering the skin barrier function, sebum, pH, and erythema values. A significant skin moisturizing effect was detected while the skin barrier function was preserved. The selected natural ingredient combined with the designed formulation and the optimized preparation method has led to a final product that satisfies the physico-chemical and technological requirements underlying the safety of use and the formulative stability over time. With no negative skin reactions and highly significant effects on skin elasticity, wrinkles, and moisturization, the CSE-based emulsion achieved very satisfying outcomes representing a promising functional formulation for skin care.

Study of Platelet Rich Plasma Injection versus Plasma Gel in Periorbital Rejuvenation

Abstract Background Aging of the skin consists of a combination of genetically predisposed factors (intrinsic aging) and environmental factors (photo aging). The resulting clinical manifestations include mottled pigmentation, wrinkles, and change of the superficial texture leading to coarseness of the skin Dermal components such as collagen and elastic fibers gradually decrease, skin loses its elasticity and shows wrinkles. Loss of skin moisture and subcutaneous fat accelerates the process. Objective To evaluate the efficacy, possible side effects, durability and study of platelet rich plasma injection versus Plasma gel injection in periorbital rejuvenation. Methods This comparative split face study included 40 females with periorbital wrinkles and/or dark circles recruited from the Dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain-Shams University Hospitals.Right periorbital wrinkles was injected by platelet rich plasma while left periorbital side was injected by plasma gel. Results Treatment with plasma gel resulted in significant improvement of periorbital wrinkles with minimal complications compared to platelet rich plasma. While, dark haloes and skin texture were minimally affected whether with plasma gel or PRP injection. Conclusion Plasma gel as well as platelet rich plasma injections may play role in treatment of periorbital wrinkles but mostly for short durations. Plasma gel injection is more effective in periorbital rejuvenation than PRP injection although it has relatively higher complications rate. Both plasma gel and PRP injections has only minimal role in treatment of periorbital dark hallows.

Optimizing Outcomes With the 1550/1927 nm Dual Wavelength Non-Ablative Fractional Laser: Experienced User Recommendations.

Fractional laser treatment was introduced in 2004 as a non-invasive technique to treat sun-damaged and aging skin. Since then, numerous ablative and non-ablative photothermolysis technologies and devices have been introduced, increasing the options for clinicians and patients but also increasing the complexity regarding which system to use and the techniques to optimize outcomes. No two devices are the same and the user-manuals preset dosimetry does not address many clinical situations, which can create confusion for new and inexperienced users. An online survey addressing use of a 1550 nm /1927 nm dual wavelength, non-ablative, fractional laser was sent to eight (8) US board certified dermatologists with extensive experience in the use of the device. The survey included 39 questions, addressing experience, best practices and recommendations for use. The survey data suggests that the device can be used to treat patients of all ages and skin types for indications including photoaging and photodamage, periorbital wrinkles, freckles, (ephelides), solar lentigines, poikiloderma, scarring due to acne or surgery. It can be used on both facial and non-facial areas, including neck, chest, hands, arms, abdomen, legs, and buttocks. Unexpected and adverse effects were rarely reported and those that did were mild and transient. This position paper provides practical real-world guidelines resulting from a small survey of experienced users, for new and early uses of the novel 1550 nm /1927 nm dual wavelength, non-ablative, fractional laser. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(11):1150-1157. doi:10.36849/JDD.6181.

Comparative Study between Intense Pulsed Light and Fractional CO2 Laser in the Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles

Abstract Background The periorbital region is one of the areas showing the earliest signs of aging and is especially prone to skin wrinkles and discoloration. Both fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) have been evaluated in treatment of periorbital wrinkles. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser and IPL in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles. Patients and Methods The present study is a prospective comparative split face study which included 20 adult female patients with mild to moderate periorbital wrinkles. Their age ranged from 30 to 40 years. Each patient received four treatment sessions with three weeks intervals on each side of the periorbital region, one with IPL and one with fractional CO2 laser. Evaluation was done before each treatment session and two months after last session with ordinary photographs and by wrinkles indentation index as calculated by the Antera 3D camera. Results There was a highly statistically difference between the mean percentage of improvement of the wrinkles indentation index by fractional CO2 laser as compared to IPL. Conclusion Both IPL and fractional CO2 laser are promising effective modalities of treatment of periorbital wrinkles which are easy and safe to use. However, fractional CO2 laser is more effective and leads to more improvement in wrinkles indentation index by Antera camera score.

Single Treatment, Single Depth Superficial Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization for Rhytid Improvement.

Background:Standard lifting and tightening protocols with microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V, Ultherapy) comprise the use of multiple transducer depths. We developed a shortened, single depth treatment protocol for patients seeking skin rejuvenation.Methods:Single-center, prospective case series. Subjects with static periorbital wrinkles, perioral wrinkles, or accordion lines had a single MFU-V treatment comprising up to 340 lines (periorbital 120, perioral 100, and accordion 120) with the superficial depth transducer (10.0 MHz/1.5 mm). Efficacy was assessed using established rating scales as well as clinician- and subject-reported Global Aesthetic Improvement Scales at baseline, 90, and 180 days, and each subject served as their own control. Adverse events were documented.Results:Nine subjects, women aged 38–64, received treatment. At 180 days, post treatment clinicians reported visible improvements in periorbital lines (6/6 cases), accordion lines (5/6 cases), and perioral lines (3/6 cases). Subjects’ self-assessments mirrored those of the clinicians, reporting improvements in accordion lines (5/6 cases improved, 1/6 cases much improved), periorbital lines (3/6 cases improved, 3/6 cases much improved) and perioral lines (2/6 cases improved, 2/6 cases much improved). Subject-rated satisfaction was high (accordion lines 6/6 cases, periorbital lines 4/6 cases and perioral lines 4/6 cases). All subjects experienced mild, transient erythema; in one subject, wheals persisted for 24 hours, resolving on application of mild topical corticosteroid.Conclusions:Shortened protocol, single depth MFU-V treatment was well-tolerated. It provided aesthetic improvements in periorbital and accordion lines, and to a lesser extent in perioral lines. Its utility as a noninvasive therapy for superficial skin rejuvenation warrants further investigation.

Efficacy and safety of plasma gel versus platelet-rich plasma in periorbital rejuvenation: a comparative split-face clinical and Antera 3D camera study.

Periorbital skin is the thinnest. That is why, it is the easiest to wrinkle and the most challenging to rejuvenate. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as plasma gel have been used for skin rejuvenation and considered relatively safe and effective. This split-face study was conducted on forty female patients seeking periorbital rejuvenation where PRP was injected in the right (Rt) side and plasma gel in the left (Lt) side, two treatment sessions 4weeks apart (week 0 and week 4). Patients were followed up 2weeks after each treatment session (week 2 and week 6) as well as 12weeks after the last session (week 16) using both subjective [physician assessment through Global Aesthetic Improvement score (GAIS) and patient's satisfaction (Likert scale)] and objective [Antera 3D camera] assessment methods. Both modalities yielded a significant improvement of periorbital wrinkles after the 2nd session, with significantly better results on the plasma gel injected side; however, the improvement achieved through both modalities could not be maintained for the following 3months. Besides, objective assessment could not prove any improvement in periorbital hyperpigmentation. Two sessions of both PRP and plasma gel are effective for periorbital rejuvenation, with plasma gel showing significantly better results. However, improvement was not maintained for 3months.

Periocular rejuvenation using a unique non-ablative long-pulse 2940\xa0nm Er:YAG laser

The periocular region is challenging for cosmetic laser surgeons. Surgery and laser resurfacing have traditionally been used to correct periorbital lines and wrinkles. Although effective, the associated downtime with these methods has made many people reluctant to decide for such treatments. More recently, the non-ablative long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser is being used to improve the structure and function and hence the appearance of skin in the periorbital region. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for non-ablative treatment of periorbital static wrinkles and skin laxity. This is a prospective analysis of 30 patients treated for periorbital rejuvenation using three sessions of non-ablative long-pulse Er:YAG laser over a 3-month period. All patients were assessed according to Fitzpatrick’s classification of periorbital wrinkles to class I, II, or III and were treated with 2940 nm Er:YAG laser using a fluence of 3.75 J/cm2, a repetition rate of 1.7–2 Hz, and with the SMOOTH™ pulse mode (250 ms). The treatment sessions were performed on each patient, 4 weeks apart. Patient improvement was assessed before each laser session as well as at 12 months after the final treatment. Blind photographic evaluations were performed by three independent physicians using unlabeled before and after photos arranged in non-chronological order. Reviewers were asked to determine the before and after photos. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire measuring satisfaction 4 weeks after each session, and to report any adverse reactions. There was statistically and clinically significant improvement in the Fitzpatrick classification of the periorbital wrinkles. Blinded evaluators correctly identified the before and after photos in all cases. All patients reported mild edema and erythema, which persisted for 1 to 2 days, and superficial peeling of the skin for 4 to 6 days after each laser treatment. No long-term adverse effects were reported. The non-ablative long-pulse 2940 nm Er:YAG laser seems to be a safe and effective treatment for periocular rejuvenation with minimal and tolerable adverse reaction. The improvement attained from the laser sessions was persisting after 1 year denoting the long-term efficacy of the procedure.

Thermo-Mechanical Fractional Injury Therapy for Facial Skin Rejuvenation in Skin Types II to V: A Retrospective Double-Center Chart Review.

Thermo-mechanical fractional injury (TMFI) therapy (Tixel®; Novoxel®, Netanya, Israel) is an innovative technology. Along with its drug delivery enhancement features, it is widely used for facial skin rejuvenation. Our study explores the beneficial effect of the Tixel® on the different features of facial skin rejuvenation along with patients' satisfaction rate, aiming to suggest practical recommendations for an optimal aesthetic result. A retrospective chart review of 24 patients (20 women, 4 men, average age 56 years old) with skin types II-V who received 2 or 3 Tixel® treatments, 3-5 weeks apart in two medical centers (12 from Israel, 12 from the United Kingdom). Four experienced dermatologists compared standardized clinical photographs taken before each treatment and 3 months after the final treatment based on seven parameters that were set by 10 physicians and rated the difference on a scale of -1 to 4. Furthermore, epidemiology, treatment data, satisfaction, and safety were reviewed. Out of the seven parameters that were compared (blood vessels and erythema, skin complexion, periorbital wrinkles, pigmentation and toning, pore size, vitality, wrinkles, and laxity), all features demonstrated an overall improvement, with the greatest improvement demonstrated in skin complexion (2.1 ± 0.49) and periorbital wrinkling (2.09 ± 0.65) followed by vitality (1.7 ± 0.49). Side effects were transient, including erythema and hyperpigmentation, and the average downtime was 1.7 days. TMFI is a safe and effective method forimproving facial skin quality. Addressing patient's expectations while maximizing the benefits of this novel technology will provide superior aesthetical results.

Treatment of periorbital and perioral wrinkles with fractional Er:YAG laser: What are the effects of age, smoking, and Glogau stage?

Dynamic and static wrinkling are observed on the facial skin as a result of aging. Previously, it was showed that fractional Er:YAG laser was effective in the treatment of facial wrinkles. The aims of this study are to determine the effects of age, Glogau stage, and smoking status on the treatment efficacy of fractional Er:YAG laser; and to compare the success of laser treatment on periorbital wrinkles with perioral wrinkles. Periorbital and perioral wrinkles of the same patient were treated with fractional Er:YAG laser (2940nm) for 4 sessions with monthly intervals. Treatment parameters were affluence of 1.5J, a spot size of 7mm, and a frequency of 5Hz. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by a blinded physician evaluation scale and patient satisfaction scale 2months after the final treatment session. Fifteen patients completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 42.8years. The blinded physician evaluation of the improvement in the periorbital wrinkles decreased (P=.034) and the patient satisfaction in perioral wrinkles decreased (P=.049) with increasing age. The relationship between smoking and patient satisfaction in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles was also statistically significant (P=.014). No difference in terms of treatment efficacy was found between periorbital and perioral regions. Fractional Er:YAG laser (2940nm) is equally successful in the treatment of periorbital and perioral wrinkles. The treatment success decreases with smoking and increasing age.

Transcriptome Profiling of Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in response to Porphyra-334 Treatment by RNA-Seq.

Porphyra-334 is a kind of mycosporine-like amino acid absorbing ultraviolet-A. Here, we characterized porphyra-334 as a potential antiaging agent. An in vitro assay revealed that porphyra-334 dramatically promoted collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells. The effect of porphyra-334 on cell proliferation was dependent on the cell type, and the increase of cell viability by porphyra-334 was the highest in keratinocyte cells among the three tested cell types. An in vivo clinical test with 22 participants demonstrated the possible role of porphyra-334 in the improvement of periorbital wrinkles. RNA-sequencing using human follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells upon porphyra-334 treatment identified the upregulation of metallothionein- (MT-) associated genes, confirming the antioxidant role of porphyra-334 with MT. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in nuclear chromosome segregation and the encoding of components of kinetochores was upregulated by porphyra-334 treatment. Furthermore, we found that several genes associated with the hair follicle cycle, the hair follicle structure, the epidermal structure, and stem cells were upregulated by porphyra-334 treatment, suggesting the potential role of porphyra-334 in hair follicle growth and maintenance. In summary, we provided several new pieces of evidence of porphyra-334 as a potential antiaging cosmetic agent and elucidated the expression network in HFDP cells upon porphyra-334.

Platelet-rich Plasma use for facial rejuvenation: a clinical trial and review of current literature.

Background and aim of the work:Several studies have shown beneficial effects for Platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We aimed to assess the efficacy of pure PRP injection for facial rejuvenation in Iran.Methods:30 female consecutive participants were injected with PRP in two sessions with 3 month interval. Evaluations were performed by comparing the pre- and post-improvement measurements of skin scan, before after photography by participants, therapeutic physician and blindly by a second dermatologist.Results:In 3 and 6 months follow-ups respectively, moderate to excellent improvement in periorbital dark circles (47.8,60.9%), periorbital wrinkles (73.9%,78.3%), nasolabial fold (52.2%,56.6%) and skin rigidity (52.3%,60.9%) reported by patients, was statistically significant only for dark circle(P value 0.031). Moderate to good improvement in periorbital dark circles (47.9%,74%), periorbital wrinkles (39.1%,43.5%)and nasolabial folds (4.3% ,13.1%) demonstrated by therapeutic physician‘s evaluation, was statistically significant for dark circle (P value 0.008) and nasolabial folds (P value 0.025). Moderate to good improvement in periorbital dark circles (34.8%, 52.2%), periorbital wrinkles (26.1%, 34.8%) and nasolabial folds (4.4%, 13%) by second dermatologist, was statistically significant for dark circle (P value 0.025).Conclusion:Face rejuvenation with PRP is a promising and noninvasive technique with best results observed in improving periorbital dark circles and wrinkles. (www.actabiomedica.it)