Periodic Points Research Articles

A description of the culture of tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus) in a South American tropical region and the interaction of farm size with value chains

Understanding the economic efficiency of pond-based fish culture in tropical developing countries is essential for defining development programs. This study was designed to describe the aquaculture of tambatinga in various farm sizes that is being performed in a region close to the equator in Brazil called the midnorth. The major focus was on the economic performance and the relationship between different farm sizes and downstream value chains. We also describe the attractiveness of investments in small farms. A purposive sample of commercial tambatinga farms was taken. Sixteen farms were selected which encompassed a representative sample of progressively increasing production areas, ranging from 0.1 ha to 220 ha. Complete enterprise budgets were developed for each farm based on standard budgeting techniques, and indicators of financial feasibility were computed. The farming of tambatinga in the midnorth is performed in semi-intensive levee or watershed pond systems in farms of various levels of complexity and different production strategies. All farms perform a monophase cycle, stock small fingerlings (3 to 6 g) and feed fish with a commercial diet. Yield, net income, economic profit, net present value, internal rate of return and benefit/cost ratio were found to decrease as farm size increased. Payback period and break-even point increased as farm size increased. Small aquaculture farms (≤ 1.5 ha) had a vertical business structure and presented a more effective economic performance. They are also attractive as family investments. This model of enterprise can boost rural economies and reduce poverty in developing countries. Large farms (≥ 17 ha) were not economically feasible because they do not operate in the market and sell their production at lower prices. Increasing farm size should go hand in hand with improvements in technology to be feasible.

Asymptotically almost periodic points and sensitivity of continuous maps

In this paper, the sensitivity of continuous self-maps is studied, containing transitive maps and non-transitive maps. The concepts of asymptotically almost periodic points and uniformly segment-recurrent points are raised, which are generalizations of the concept of almost periodic points. The concept of allured sets is also introduced, which is the opposite concept of ω-limit sets. By means these concepts, we obtain some conditions for a continuous map f from a metric space X to itself to be sensitive. Our results are generalizations of the main theorems given in [2,4,8,15,24,27].

A non-degenerate chaotic bits XOR system with application in image encryption

The existing chaotic systems exhibit chaos degradation phenomena because of the limited chaotic precision in the real number field. In response to this deficiency, this paper proposes a chaotic bits XOR system (CBXS) in the integer field satisfying Devaney’s chaos. That is, CBXS has the property of sensitivity of initial value, topological transitivity, and periodic point density. Then, a series of chaotic and random test results illustrate that the sequences generated by CBXS with linear feedback shift register (LFSR) in the finite field GF(2) have good random and chaotic performance. It can overcome the chaos degradation problem because it is generated in the integer field and can avoid the limited precision in the real number field. Finally, we employ the proposed CBXS to image encryption with the optimized Arnold’s transformation. The experimental results verify that even after simple encryption, the cipher image still exhibits good encryption effect and efficiency, which illustrates the effectiveness of CBXS.

Iterated monodromy groups of rational functions and periodic points over finite fields

Iterated monodromy groups of rational functions and periodic points over finite fields

Trajectories associated with parabolic and hyperbolic periodic points of piecewise linear area-preserving map

This paper investigates the characteristics of trajectories and invariant sets associated with parabolic and hyperbolic periodic points of a piecewise linear area-preserving map. When the fixed points in both partitions are parabolic, the trajectories may diverge or rotate repeatedly around the origin. By analyzing the trajectory motion in different regions of the phase plane, the characteristics of the trajectory repeated rotation around the origin are shown, and the trajectories may be either divergent or periodic. The necessary conditions for generating stable periodic orbits are presented. It is proved that there are forward invariant sets and that the trajectories from the invariant sets diverge in different quadrants and along a family of invariant lines parallel to the diagonal bisector of the quadrant. We reveal why there are island chains with invariant line segments in a chaotic sea. The method for determining invariant line segments is presented. For the map with two hyperbolic fixed points in both partitions, it is proved that there are forward invariant sets in the phase plane and all trajectories from the invariant sets diverge along a family of hyperbolic invariant sets.

The Integration of the Maternal Care with Sleep During the Postpartum Period.

Our entire life occurs in a constant alternation between wakefulness and sleep. The impossibility of living without sleep implies that any behavior must adapt to the need for sleep, and maternal behavior does not escape from this determination. Additionally, maternal behavior in mammals is a highly motivated behavior, essential for the survival ofthe offspring. Thus, the mother has to adapt her physiology of sleep to the constant demands of the pups, where each species will have different strategies to merge these two physiological needs. However, all studied female mammals will experience sleep disturbances at some point of the postpartum period.

2488. Healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Greece, results of the third Point Prevalence Survey, April – December 2022

Abstract Background The burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in European acute care hospitals is estimated through periodic Point Prevalence Studies (PPS) coordinated by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In 2016, Greece had the highest HAI prevalence among European countries (10%). The current PPS aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAIs among inpatients, especially in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2022, according to ECDC PPS protocol v.6.1, in a representative sample of 50 Greek hospitals across all country regions. Patients admitted in wards before 8.00 am of the study day were screened for inclusion. Infection control teams collected hospital characteristics (e.g., total beds, infection control markers), wards (specialty, bed occupancy) and active HAIs (type, origin, microbiological results). Active HAIs included present HAIs or past HAIs that are still being treated. ECDC HelicsWin.Net software v.4.4.0, was used for data entry and analysis. Results Overall, 12.1% inpatients (1,175 of a total 9,707) had at least one active HAI. Among the 1,408 HAIs, the most commonly observed were lower respiratory tract infections (28.9%), bloodstream infections (20%), among which 4.6% were catheter-related, and urinary tract infections (13.1%), as shown in table 1. HAI prevalence was higher in patients of intensive care units (45.7%), compared to medical (13.5%) and surgical ones (8.2%). Laboratory data were available for 58.9% of HAIs and 1,259 microorganisms were identified. Klebsiella species (20.5%), Acinetobacter species (12.8%), P. aeruginosa (10.2%), Candida species (7.9%) and S. aureus (6.3%) were frequent isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns varied depending on the pathogen (table 2). Conclusion This study shows the increased burden of HAIs among inpatients and the emergence of difficult-to-treat pathogens in Greek hospitals. Subsequent prevalence studies will provide additional evidence regarding the trend in HAI prevalence among inpatients and support the identification of modifiable practices. The invigoration of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs in these settings is essential. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Relatively pointwise recurrence on local dendrites

Let X be a local dendrite and let f : X → X be a continuous map. Denote by P ( f ) and R ( f ) the sets of periodic and recurrent points of f, respectively. We say that f is relatively pointwise recurrent if R ( f ) ¯ = X . We show that, if X is almost meshed (i.e the union of the interior of all free arcs is dense in X), then f is relatively pointwise recurrent if and only if either f is topologically conjugate to an irrational rotation on the circle or it has a dense set of periodic points.

On the dynamics of non-Volterra quadratic operators corresponding to permutations

The present paper deals to a family of non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operators depending on a parameter and a permutation and their trajectory behaviours. We find all fixed and periodic points for such non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operator on a finite-dimensional simplex. We proved that the ω- limit set of any trajectory of such non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operator consists of either single point or finite points.

Exploring Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Youth With Eating Disorders Using California Medicaid Claims Data

To explore the scope of diagnosed eating disorders among Medicaid-insured youth in California, and to describe the demographic characteristics of this population in a repeated annual cross-sectional study design. California Medicaid claims data were extracted for youth aged 7 to 18 years between January 2014 and December 2016. Participants included all youth who received an eating disorder diagnosis at any point in the study period (N= 8,075). Additional analyses compared youth with eating disorders who were continuously enrolled across all 3 years (n= 4,500) to random subsamples of continuously enrolled youth diagnosed with a mood or anxiety disorder (n= 4,128), a disruptive behavior disorder (n= 4,599), or a psychotic disorder (n= 4,290). About one-half of youth with eating disorders were Latinx (58.5%, n= 2,634) and indicated Spanish as their preferred language (48.9%, n= 2,199). About one-half (51%, n= 2,301) of eating disorder diagnoses were unspecified. Latinx ethnicity and Spanish language were significantly more frequent among youth with eating disorders than among those with other disorders (F11.97, F362.75, p values<.0005). The first examination of publicly insured youth with eating disorders revealed a highly diverse group of individuals among whom Latinx youth were particularly prevalent. However, past-year national prevalence estimates suggest that most eating disorder cases were undiagnosed. Eating disorders affect approximately 10% of the US population and lead to serious mental health and medical problems. This study used California Medicaid claims data from 2014 to 2016 to characterize the population of youth aged 7 to 18 years with diagnosed with an eating disorder (N = 8,075). The authors found the prevalence of eating disorders among youth aged 13 to 18 years was about 0.20% across all 3 years of the study, which is far below the expected prevalence and suggests that most eating disorders in youth go undiagnosed. About half of eating disorder diagnoses provided to youth with Medicaid insurance are unspecified, which may hinder receipt of appropriate treatment. Of youth with an eating disorder, about half were Latinx and reported Spanish as their preferred language. The authors also found differences in the prevalences of eating disorder diagnoses when analyzing youth by age, sex, and ethnicity. These results suggest that more standardized screening and assessment is needed to improve eating disorders detection and diagnosis, particularly for minoritized youth.

Applications to Solving Variational Inequality Problems via MR-Kannan Type Interpolative Contractions

The aim of this paper is manifold. We first define the new class of operators called MR-Kannan interpolative type contractions, which includes the Kannan, enriched Kannan, interpolative Kannan type, and enriched interpolative Kannan type operators. Secondly, we prove the existence of a unique fixed point for this class of operators. Thirdly, we study Ulam-Hyers stability, well-posedness, and periodic point properties. Finally, an application of the main results to the variational inequality problem is given.

A criterion of periodic point stability based on Lyapunov exponent

The logistics equation is the most classical model of population growth. Influenced by external environmental factors and growth inertia, the total population is in a state of periodic equilibrium. so, studying the stability of the periodic solution of the logistics equation is an important issue. If the logistics equation is considered as a function, the general method to judge the stability of the periodic point is to bring in the derivative of the function after iterating n times to take the value. The Lyapunov exponent is originally an important method used to judge the stability of dynamical systems. If the logistics map is considered as a discrete dynamical system, applying the Lyapunov exponent to the determination of the periodic solution will largely reduce the computational effort.

Conditional intermediate entropy and Birkhoff average properties of hyperbolic flows

AbstractKatok [Lyapunov exponents, entropy and periodic points of diffeomorphisms. Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci.51 (1980), 137–173] conjectured that every $C^{2}$ diffeomorphism f on a Riemannian manifold has the intermediate entropy property, that is, for any constant $c \in [0, h_{\mathrm {top}}(f))$ , there exists an ergodic measure $\mu $ of f satisfying $h_{\mu }(f)=c$ . In this paper, we obtain a conditional intermediate metric entropy property and two conditional intermediate Birkhoff average properties for basic sets of flows that characterize the refined roles of ergodic measures in the invariant ones. In this process, we establish a ‘multi-horseshoe’ entropy-dense property and use it to get the goal combined with conditional variational principles. We also obtain the same result for singular hyperbolic attractors.

Cluster distributions for dynamically defined point processes

The emergence of clustering of rare events for chaotic dynamics was first observed as a consequence of periodicity, i.e., by considering target sets that shrink to a periodic point, one was able to create fast returns to these target sets which were responsible for the appearance of a bulk of high observations of observable functions that were maximised at the periodic point. This meant that the Rare Events Point Processes, counting the number of entrances in these target sets, converge to a compound Poisson process, with a geometric multiplicity distribution ruling the cluster sizes. In Azevedo et al. (2016), a new mechanism to create clustering of rare events was introduced by considering observable functions maximised at a finite number of points that were linked by belonging to the same orbit. We make a deep study of the potential of this mechanism to produce different multiplicity distributions. Namely, we show that with the right choice of a system and observable, one can obtain any given finitely supported cluster size distribution. We also study the impact of symmetry and other properties of the systems on the possible clustering size distributions, which are also classified for the case of periodic maximal orbits.

A mechanism for ejecting a horseshoe from a partially hyperbolic chain recurrence class

AbstractWe give a $C^1$ -perturbation technique for ejecting an a priori given finite set of periodic points preserving a given finite set of homo/heteroclinic intersections from a chain recurrence class of a periodic point. The technique is first stated under a simpler setting called a Markov iterated function system, a two-dimensional iterated function system in which the compositions are chosen in a Markovian way. Then we apply the result to the setting of three-dimensional partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.

Effects of Opioid-Limiting Legislation in the State of Ohio on Opioid Prescriptions After Shoulder Arthroscopy.

Recent studies have shown that legislation regulating opioid prescriptions in the United States has been successful in reducing the morphine milligram equivalent (MME) prescribed after certain orthopaedic procedures. To (1) determine the effect of Ohio's legislation limiting opioid prescriptions after shoulder arthroscopy and (2) identify risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use and increased postoperative opioid dosing. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. We reviewed the data of patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2020. Patients were classified according to the date of legislation passage (August 31, 2017) as before legislation (PRE) or on/after legislation (POST). Patients were also classified based on the number of opioid prescriptions filled within 30 days of surgery as opioid-tolerant (at least 1 prescription) or opioid-naïve (zero prescriptions). We recorded patient characteristics, medical comorbidities, and surgical details, as well as the number of opioid prescriptions, MME per prescription from 30 days preoperatively to 90 days postoperatively, and the number of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogues and benzodiazepine prescriptions from 30 days preoperatively to the date of surgery. Differences between cohorts were compared with the Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon test. A covariate-adjusted regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors associated with increased postoperative opioid dosing. Overall, 279 patients (n = 97 PRE; n = 182 POST; n = 42 opioid-tolerant; n = 237 opioid-naïve) were included in the final analysis. There was a significant reduction in the cumulative MME prescribed in the immediate (0-7 days) postoperative period (PRE, 450 MME vs POST, 315 MME), the first 30 postoperative days (PRE, 590 MME vs POST, 375 MME), and the first 90 postoperative days (PRE, 600 MME vs POST, 420 MME) (P < .001 for all). The opioid-tolerant cohort had higher MME at every time point in the postoperative period (P < .001). Consumption of preoperative opioid (β = 1682.5; P < .001), benzodiazepine (β = 468.09; P < .001), and GABA analogue (β = 251.37; P = .04) was associated with an increase in the cumulative MME prescribed. Opioid prescription-limiting legislation in Ohio significantly reduced the cumulative MME prescribed in the first 30 days postoperatively for both opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients after shoulder arthroscopy. Consumption of opioids, benzodiazepines, and GABA analogues preoperatively was associated with increased postoperative opioid dosage.

배임적 대표행위로 인해 기간을 준수하지 못한 법인에 대한 구제방안

Supreme Court 2016. 10. 13. Judgment No. 2014Da12348 held that if a representative of a company has caused damage to a corporation by engaging in arbitrary litigation without receiving special rights, if the other party knew or could have known of such circumstances, the starting point for a request for reconsideration proceeds from the time when other executives who have the authority to rightfully preserve the interests of the corporation, know the grounds for quasi-reconsideration.&#x0D; This appears to be the result of the adoption of the jurisprudence of ‘abuse of representation’ in the matter of ‘attribution of perception’ - Like Supreme Court 1998. 11. 10. Sentence 98Da34126 the judgment.&#x0D; However, since the “acceptance of a claim” is a litigation act in which the court is the recipient, it is difficult to adopt the jurisprudence of abuse of representation that consists of adjusting the legal relations between private individuals by inferring the proviso to Article 107(1) of the Civil Code. In addition, the judgment in 98Da34126 differs from each other in that the starting point of the statute of limitations corresponding to the cause of appeal was in question, whereas this case was the case in which the starting point of the retrial period corresponding to the litigation requirement was at issue.&#x0D; Furthermore, since the issue of determining the perception of a corporation is normative, it can be argued that it is appropriate for the corporation itself to bear the risk caused by the act of betrayal of the representative to whom the corporation has delegated authority by granting trust. It should be considered that at the time when the representative of the servant who committed the act of betrayal became aware of the cause of reexamination, the remedy for the servant shall be made through the pursuit of an invariable period or through the right of reexamination provided for in Article 451, paragraph 1, paragraph 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Backward orbits of critical points

We examine the Galois groups of the extensions K((f′∘fn)−1(0))/K where K is a number field for polynomials f(x)∈K[x]. We use our understanding of this group to study the proportion of primes for which f has a p-adic attracting periodic point for a “typical” f and apply the result to the split case of the Dynamical Mordell-Lang Conjecture.

Conjugacy of transitive SFTs minus periodic points

AbstractIt is a question of Hochman whether any two one‐dimensional topologically mixing subshifts of finite type (SFTs) with the same entropy are topologically conjugate when their periodic points are removed. We give a negative answer, and, in fact, we prove the stronger result that there is a canonical correspondence between topological conjugacies of transitive SFTs and topological conjugacies between the systems obtained by removing the periodic points.

Continuum-wise hyperbolicity

We introduce continuum-wise hyperbolicity, a generalization of hyperbolicity with respect to the continuum theory. We discuss similarities and differences between topological hyperbolicity and continuum-wise hyperbolicity. A shadowing lemma for cw-hyperbolic homeomorphisms is proved in the form of the L-shadowing property and a Spectral Decomposition is obtained in this scenario. In the proof we generalize the construction of Fathi [16] of a hyperbolic metric using only cw-expansivity, obtaining a hyperbolic cw-metric. We also introduce cwN-hyperbolicity, exhibit examples of these systems for arbitrarily large N∈N and obtain further dynamical properties of these systems such as finiteness of periodic points with the same period. We prove that homeomorphisms of S2 that are induced by topologically hyperbolic homeomorphisms of T2 are continuum-wise-hyperbolic and topologically conjugate to linear cw-Anosov diffeomorphisms of S2, being in particular cw2-hyperbolic.