Period Of Occlusion Research Articles

Analysis of treatment methods for children with bilateral complete cleft of the lip and palate in mixed bite

Relevance. According to the World Health Organization, it was found that cleft lip and palate cases ranges from 0.6 to 1.6 cases per 1000 newborns. According to the severity of the lesion, bilateral cleft lip and palate takes the first place, however, it occurs much less common – 15-25%.Purpose – to analyze methods of treatment in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of the mixed dentition.Materials and methods. An analysis of 51 sources Russian and foreign articles for the period from 1951 to 2019 was carried out. The features of the development of occlusion in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of a changeable occlusion, as well as methods of treating this pathology, are considered.Results. It was found that the main anatomical features of the maxillofacial region in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of a changeable bite are -narrowing of the upper and lower jaws, the presence of soft tissue scars. The main methods of treatment for such children are reconstructive surgery, including the closure of a hard palate defect using a mucoperiosteal flap cut out in the lateral part of the hard palate, as well as orthodontic treatment methods, the main purpose of which is to expand and extend the dentition using single jaw removable plate apparatuses, fixed plate apparatuses.Conclusions. Taking everything into account, surgical reconstructive operations, as well as complex orthodontic treatment, the main purpose of which is to expand and extend the upper and lower jaws, are the integral methods of treating such children. Orthodontic treatment should be aimed at eliminating myofunctional disorders with the helpof orthodontic trainers and elastopositioners. Conducting a comprehensive surgical and orthodontic treatment can reduce the rehabilitation time of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Putting the muscle back in microcirculation: From firefighters to near-infrared spectroscopy.

Putting the muscle back in microcirculation: From firefighters to near-infrared spectroscopy.

Mandibular ramus fracture: A rare fracture of maxillofacial region

Mandibular ramus fracture: A rare fracture of maxillofacial region - JOOO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-6186 Online ISSN No:- 2395-6194 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jooo.2020.017, Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology-J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol

Automated repair of fragmented tracks with 1D CNNs

Multiple object tracking is an important but challenging computer vision problem. The complex motion of objects makes tracking difficult during long periods of object occlusion, and as a result occlusions frequently cause fragmented tracks with gaps. Previous works use linear interpolation to fill in such gaps, a technique which is only able to model simple motion. As a result, tracked bounding box locations can be quite poor in these situations. In this paper, we propose a 1D CNN based solution to filling gaps which models complex motion in a data-driven way. Our proposed solution uses only bounding box coordinates as input, and as such does not incur the computational cost of processing image features directly. We show that our model significantly outperforms linear interpolation on dynamic sports datasets in terms of mean intersection over union between predicted and ground truth bounding boxes.

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage: protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Background: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been used to improve exercise performance, but its role in protecting against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is still unclear. Objective: To investigate the effects of IPC on the indirect markers of EIMD when compared to placebo. Methods: 30 healthy young men, with no recent experience in lower limb strength training, will be recruited. Subjects will be allocated randomly into two groups: IPC or placebo. The IPC group will undergo 4 x 5 min of occlusion (with individualized total occlusion pressure), interspersed with 5 min of reperfusion. The placebo group will be submitted to the same protocol, but with minimum pressure (10mmHg) being applied during the occlusion period. After the interventions, volunteers will be submitted to muscle damage induced by isokinetic exercise (10 sets of 12 maximum eccentric repetitions) in the non-dominant femoral quadriceps. The primary outcome will be isometric peak torque, measured both before and up to 72 hours after exercise. Secondary outcomes include rate of torque development, muscle soreness, knee range of motion, thigh circumference and blood levels of creatine kinase. Discussion: The results of this trial will indicate whether the effects of IPC are superior to placebo in the protection against EIMD

Local Heating Mediated Vasodilation Increased 48 Hours After Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

IntroductionRemote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by brief periods of blood flow occlusion to a limb followed by reperfusion, protects distant tissues from ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. A single bout of RIPC confers a delayed window of protection that begins 24 hrs after RIPC and last for 2–3 days; however, whether this timeline also applies to the microvasculature is unclear. We hypothesize that the hyperemic response to local heating will increase after a single bout of RIPC.MethodsSixteen healthy, young adults (7M, 9F) underwent a single session of RIPC, which consisted of four periods of inflating an arm cuff to 200mmHg for five min interspersed with five min of reperfusion. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) was used to measure the hyperemia response to local skin heating (Tsk = 42°C) at five time points; before treatment, and 24, 48, 72, and 168 hrs post‐RIPC. LSCI data are expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = LSCI flux/mean arterial pressure).ResultsCompared to pre‐RIPC (1.58 ± 0.09 flux · mmHg−1), the vasodilation response to local heating was increased only at the 48‐hr post‐RIPC time point (24 hrs: 1.59 ± 0.10, 48 hrs: 1.69 ± 0.10, 72 hrs: 1.54 ± 0.13, 160 hrs: 1.53 ± 0.11 flux · mmHg−1).ConclusionThese results indicate that the modest increase in local‐mediation dilation exhibited a delayed response that peaked 48 hrs following a single RIPC bout. This suggests that a single bout of RIPC may have a protective effect on the microvasculature.Support or Funding InformationNASA – Iowa Space Consortium Grant

Track to Reconstruct and Reconstruct to Track

Object tracking and 3D reconstruction are often performed together, with tracking used as input for reconstruction. However, the obtained reconstructions also provide useful information for improving tracking. We propose a novel method that closes this loop, first tracking to reconstruct, and then reconstructing to track. Our approach, MOTSFusion (Multi-Object Tracking, Segmentation and dynamic object Fusion), exploits the 3D motion extracted from dynamic object reconstructions to track objects through long periods of complete occlusion and to recover missing detections. Our approach first builds up short tracklets using 2D optical flow, and then fuses these into dynamic 3D object reconstructions. The precise 3D object motion of these reconstructions is used to merge tracklets through occlusion into long-term tracks, and to locate objects when detections are missing. On KITTI, our reconstruction-based tracking reduces the number of ID switches of the initial tracklets by more than 50%, and outperforms all previous approaches for both bounding box and segmentation tracking.

Autoantibody Subtype does not Impact Peripheral Endothelial Function and Hemodynamics in Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular dysfunction that leads to vasculopathy and fibrosis. Autoantibody assessment is included as part of the diagnostic criteria and has implications for organ‐involvement and disease. The purpose of this study was to assess peripheral endothelial function and hemodynamics across a range of autoantibody subtypes among patients with SSc. We hypothesized that endothelial function would differ between autoantibody subtypes, with greater dysfunction in the more severe autoantibody subtype (i.e., topoisomerase; SCL70). To our knowledge, this is the first study with an adequate sample size with endothelial function measurements in several autoantibody subtypes. Patients that met ACR/EULAR SSc classification criteria were enrolled at a single center. Endothelial function was assessed in study subjects with the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) technique using a 5‐min suprasystolic occlusion period and following published guidelines. A blood pressure cuff was placed on the right arm, distal to the ultrasound Doppler probe on the brachial artery. Simultaneous measurements of brachial artery vessel diameter and blood velocity were performed using a linear array transducer operating in duplex mode. The brachial artery was insonated approximately midway between the antecubital and axillary regions, and measurements of diameter and blood velocity were obtained continuously at rest and for 2 minutes after cuff deflation. To determine autoantibody status, patient blood samples were collected, and an antigen‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. One‐way ANOVA was used to determine the variance between groups. Patients with SSc (n=139) were matched for age and disease duration, then grouped by autoantibody status (centromere, topoisomerase, RNA polymerase III, other SSc‐associated autoantibodies, and anti‐nuclear antibody positive, but with no known autoantibody present). In this cohort of patients with SSc, basic clinical characteristics did not differ between autoantibody groups (p>0.05). Baseline brachial artery diameter and blood flow were similar across autoantibody groups (p=0.43 and p=0.82, respectively). Post‐ischemic peak reactive hyperemia and total hyperemia were not different between autoantibody groups (p=0.84 and p=0.99, respectively). There was no difference in absolute % FMD (p=0.11), and this similarity persisted with normalization to the shear rate at peak dilation (p=0.34). We observed no difference in peripheral endothelial function or hemodynamics (i.e., hyperemia and shear) based on autoantibody status. Thus, these data suggest that autoantibody status does not differentially affect peripheral endothelial function and hemodynamics in patients with SSc.Support or Funding InformationFunding Information: Funded in part by NIH R01 AG048366, R01 AG050238, R01 AG060395, K99 AT010017, US Department of Veteran Affairs I01 CX001183

Reproducibility of Novel Indices of Reactive Hyperemia Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging

Post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) is an indicator of microvascular function, but lack of standardization and reliability of measurement have limited its use clinically. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra‐ and inter‐day reliability of conventional and novel parameters of PORH using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Seventeen healthy adults (age = 24±3 years) completed three PORH bouts over two randomly assigned lab visits that were interspaced by 4–14 days. LSCI region of interest was a standardized 10 cm region below the antecubital fossa on the dominant ventral forearm. A 5‐min brachial artery occlusion period induced by inflating an arm cuff to 200 mmHg, preceded a 4‐min hyperemic period. LSCI flux was expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; flux/mean arterial pressure). Reliability and reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Maximal flow (peak) and area under the curve (AUC) normalized to zero perfusion showed intra‐ and inter‐day reliability of ICC > 0.70. Inter‐day ICC was lower when AUC was expressed as a function of resting flow (ICC=0.50) or biological zero (ICC=0.66). Time to maximal flow (TMF) had lower intra‐day (CV=12%) and inter‐day (CV=18%) reproducibility. When representing velocity (overshoot rate of change, ORC) within defined time ranges (5s, 10s, 15s, and 20s into hyperemia) as a piecewise function, the inter‐day reproducibility was <11%. Thus, depending on data normalization, PORH using LSCI is a reliable method to assess microvascular function. TMF should be interpreted with caution, but an alternative temporal index may be the ORC.Support or Funding InformationThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non‐profit sectors.Commonly examined post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia parameters are illustrated. Resting flow (RF), maximal flow (MF), time to maximal flow (TMF), amplitude of the MF normalized to RF and BZ (AMPRF and AMPBZ) and 4‐min post cuff‐deflation area under hyperemic curve (4‐min AUC) normalized to zero perfusion are shown. Time = 0 corresponds to cuff deflation. Magnified tracing at the top right shows the hyperemic response 30s post‐cuff deflation.Figure 1 Statistics for the PORH parameters are shown as mean ± SD, ICC, 95% limits of agreement, and coefficient of variation for the three PORH responses (VA, VB1, VB2). ICC values less than 0.5, between 0.5–0.75, between 0.75–0.9, and above 0.9 are classified as having poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability. CV values less than 10%, between 10–25%, and above 25% are considered having good, moderate, and poor reproducibility. Descriptive Statistics (CVC) Reproducibility Statistics (CVC) Mean ± SD INTRADAY (VB1 & VB2) INTERDAY (VA & VB1) VA VB1 VB2 ICC (LOA) CV (%) ICC (LOA) CV (%) RF 0.62 ± 0.17 0.62 ± 0.14 0.60 ± 0.15 0.89 (0.73, 0.96) 6.47 0.89 (0.72, 0.96) 6.72 MF 2.41 ± 0.70 2.32 ± 0.56 2.35 ± 0.73 0.88 (0.70 0.95) 5.13 0.77 (0.48,0.91) 9.49 TMF 19.3 ± 5.68 19.0 ± 6.82 18.9 ± 5.11 0.65 (0.25, 0.86) 11.71 0.52 (0.06, 0.80) 17.75 4‐min AUC 282 ± 88.5 274 ± 70.4 262 ± 67.2 0.93 (0.79, 0.97) 4.88 0.73 (0.39, 0.89) 9.33 PI 300 ± 74.0 282 ± 62.6 285 ± 53.2 0.70 (0.34, 0.88) 10.74 0.51 (0.07, 0.79) 12.65 AMPRF 1.81 ± 0.60 1.71 ±0.46 1.75 ± 0.60 0.85 (0.64, 0.94) 6.65 0.66 (0.28, 0.86) 12.61 AMPBZ 2.18 ± 0.67 2.10 ± 0.51 2.13 ± 0.67 0.86 (0.66, 0.95) 5.53 0.75 (0.45, 0.90) 10.27 AUCRF 134 ± 60.1 125 ± 48.8 117 ± 40 0.88 (0.70, 0.95) 10.63 0.50 (0.04, 0.79) 16.64 AUCBZ 231 ±83.3 219 ± 63.2 207 ± 55.8 0.91 (0.74, 0.97) 6.46 0.66 (0.27, 0.86) 11.97 1‐min AUC 114 ± 34.0 112 ± 30.9 111 ± 32.2 0.94 (0.83, 0.98) 4.83 0.77 (0.47, 0.91) 9.70 AUC index 3.15 ± 0.53 3.06 ± 0.54 3.04 ± 0.39 0.84 (0.62, 0.94) 4.82 0.33 (−0.18, 0.69) 9.35 ORC5 0.37 ± 0.10 0.36 ± 0.10 0.35 ± 0.10 0.89 (0.72, 0.96) 6.95 0.73 (0.4, 0.89) 9.52 ORC10 0.21 ± 0.05 0.20 ± 0.04 0.20 ± 0.06 0.83 (0.58, 0.93) 6.33 0.71 (0.38, 0.89) 8.39 ORC15 0.15 ± 0.04 0.14 ± 0.03 0.15 ± 0.04 0.85 (0.64, 0.94) 5.13 0.74 (0.43, 0.90) 8.65 ORC20 0.11 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.04 0.87 (0.69, 0.95) 4.83 0.69 (0.34, 0.88) 10.70 ORCMF 0.12 ± 0.05 0.12 ± 0.04 0.12 ± 0.05 0.74 (0.41, 0.90) 15.27 0.22 (−0.31, 0.63) 22.90

Mitochondrial capacity using NIRS and incomplete recovery curves: Proximal and Medial Vastus Lateralis muscle.

To determine the effectiveness of using a 6-occlusion protocol (Mito6) versus one with 22 occlusions (Mito22) to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity. In two independent data sets (bicep n=7, forearm A n=23), recovery curves were analyzed independently using both the Mito6 and Mito22 analyses. A third data set (Forearm B, n=16) was generated on forearm muscles of healthy subjects using four Mito6 tests performed in succession. Recovery rate constants were generated using a MATLAB routine. When calculated from the same data set, the recovery rate constants were not significantly different between the Mito22 and Mito6 analyses for the bicep (1.43+0.33min-1, 1.43+0.35min-1, p=0.81) and the forearm A (1.97+0.40min-1, 1.97+0.43min-1, p=0.90). The correlation between Mito22 and Mito6 recovery rate constants was y=1.07x-0.09, R2=0.90 for the bicep data and 1.00x+0.01, R2=0.85 for the forearm A data. When performing the four Mito6 tests in the Forearm B study; recovery rate constants were not different between tests (1.50±0.51 min-1, 1.42±0.54 min-1, 1.26±0.41 min-1, 1.29±0.47 min-1, P>0.05). Muscle mitochondrial capacity was not different between the Mito6 analysis and the longer Mito22 analysis. The Mito6 protocol was considered more practical as it used fewer ischemic occlusion periods, and multiple tests could be performed in succession in less time. There were no order effects for the rate constants of four repeated Mito6 tests of mitochondrial capacity, supporting the use of multiple tests to improve accuracy.

Quality transitivity of Danhong Huayu Koufuye: A study on chemical profiles of medicinal herbs, compound preparation and dosed rat plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK), an effective Chinese medicine preparation, is mainly used for the treatment of blurred vision and sudden blindness caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as the absorption period of central retinal vein occlusion. However, the current quality standard is relatively low, only stipulating the content of protocatechualdehyde. Chemical transitivity is the basis for discovering quality markers and is used in quality process control of Chinese medicines. Herein, the chemical profiles of seven medicinal herbs, DHK and dosed rat plasma were comprehensively analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, 134 chemical constituents were identified in seven medicinal herbs, including salvianolic acids, diterpene quinones, phenolic acids, phthalides, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. Among them, 55 chemical constituents were transferred to DHK along with extraction and preparation, and 26 were further absorbed into blood and metabolized to produce 11 metabolites after oral administration. The transitivity of DHK from medicinal herbs to compound preparation and into blood was analyzed for the first time. This article will be valuable to ascertain the quality markers for quality process control and further pharmacokinetic studies.

Latent Phase Identification of High-Frequency Micro-Scale Gamma Spike Transients in the Hypoxic Ischemic EEG of Preterm Fetal Sheep Using Spectral Analysis and Fuzzy Classifiers.

Premature babies are at high risk of serious neurodevelopmental disabilities, which in many cases are related to perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Studies of neuroprotection in animal models consistently suggest that treatment must be started as early as possible in the first 6 h after hypoxia–ischemia (HI), the so-called latent phase before secondary deterioration, to improve outcomes. We have shown in preterm sheep that EEG biomarkers of injury, in the form of high-frequency micro-scale spike transients, develop and evolve in this critical latent phase after severe asphyxia. Real-time automatic identification of such events is important for the early and accurate detection of HI injury, so that the right treatment can be implemented at the right time. We have previously reported successful strategies for accurate identification of EEG patterns after HI. In this study, we report an alternative high-performance approach based on the fusion of spectral Fourier analysis and Type-I fuzzy classifiers (FFT-Type-I-FLC). We assessed its performance in over 2520 min of latent phase EEG recordings from seven asphyxiated in utero preterm fetal sheep exposed to a range of different occlusion periods. The FFT-Type-I-FLC classifier demonstrated 98.9 ± 1.0% accuracy for identification of high-frequency spike transients in the gamma frequency band (namely 80–120 Hz) post-HI. The spectral-based approach (FFT-Type-I-FLC classifier) has similar accuracy to our previous reverse biorthogonal wavelets rbio2.8 basis function and type-1 fuzzy classifier (rbio-WT-Type-1-FLC), providing competitive performance (within the margin of error: 0.89%), but it is computationally simpler and would be readily adapted to identify other potentially relevant EEG waveforms.

Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on walking in people with multiple sclerosis: double-blind randomised controlled trial

BackgroundRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is the exposure of body parts to brief periods of circulatory occlusion and reperfusion. Recent studies have also shown that RIPC can improve exercise performance in...

Perioperative Blood Flow Restriction Rehabilitation in Patients Undergoing ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background:Low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) training has attracted attention as a potentially effective method of perioperative clinical rehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures.Purpose:To (1) compare the effectiveness of low-load BFR training in conjunction with a standard rehabilitation protocol, pre- and postoperatively, and non-BFR interventions in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and (2) evaluate protocols for implementing BFR perioperatively for patients undergoing ACLR.Study Design:Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A systematic review of the 3 medical literature databases was conducted to identify all level 1 and 2 clinical trials published since 1990 on BFR in patients undergoing ACLR. Patient demographics from included studies were pooled. Outcome data were documented, including muscle strength and size, and perceived pain and exertion. A descriptive analysis of outcomes from BFR and non-BFR interventions was performed.Results:A total of 6 studies (154 patients; 66.2% male; mean ± SD age, 24.2 ± 3.68 years) were included. Of these, 2 studies examined low-load BFR as a preoperative intervention, 1 of which observed a significant increase in muscle isometric endurance (P = .014), surface electromyography of the vastus medialis (P < .001), and muscle blood flow to the vastus lateralis at final follow-up (P < .001) as compared with patients undergoing sham BFR. Four studies investigated low-load BFR as a postoperative intervention, and they observed significant benefits in muscle hypertrophy, as measured by cross-sectional area; strength, as measured by extensor torque; and subjective outcomes, as measured by subjective knee pain during session, over traditional low-load resistance training (all P < .05). BFR occlusion periods ranged from 3 to 5 minutes, with rest periods ranging from 45 seconds to 3 minutes.Conclusion:This systematic review found evidence on the topic of BFR rehabilitation after ACLR to be sparse and heterogeneous likely because of the relatively recent onset of its popularity. While a few authors have demonstrated the potential strength and hypertrophy benefits of perioperative BFR, future investigations with standardized outcomes, long-term follow-up, and more robust sample sizes are required to draw more definitive conclusions.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements of Mitochondrial Capacity Using Partial Recovery Curves

BackgroundNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity (mVO2max) as the recovery rate constant of muscle metabolism after exercise. The current method requires as many as 50 short ischemic occlusions to generate two recovery rate constants.PurposeTo determine the validity and repeatability of using a 6-occlusion protocol versus one with 22 occlusions to measure muscle mitochondrial capacity. The order effect of performing multiple Mito6 test was also evaluated.MethodIn two independent data sets (bicep n = 7, forearm A n = 23), recovery curves were analyzed independently using both the 6 and 22 occlusion methods. A third data set (forearm B n = 16) was generated on the forearm muscles of healthy subjects using four 6-occlusion tests performed in succession. Recovery rate constants were generated using a MATLAB routine.ResultsWhen calculated from the same data set, the recovery rate constants were not significantly different between the 22 occlusion and 6 occlusion methods for the bicep (1.43 ± 0.33 min–1, 1.43 ± 0.35 min–1, p = 0.81) and the forearm A (1.97 ± 0.40 min–1, 1.97 ± 0.43 min–1, p = 0.90). Equivalence testing showed that the mean difference was not different than zero and the 90% confidence intervals were within 5% of the average rate constant. This was true for the Mito6 and the Mito5∗ approaches. Bland–Altman analysis showed a slope of 0.21 min–1 and an r of 0.045 for the bicep dataset and a slope of −0.01 min–1 and an r of 0.045 for the forearm A dataset. When performing the four 6-occlusion tests; recovery rate constants showed no order effects (1.50 ± 0.51 min–1, 1.42 ± 0.54 min–1, 1.26 ± 0.41 min–1, 1.29 ± 0.47 min–1, P > 0.05).ConclusionThe Mito6 analysis is a valid and repeatable approach to measure mitochondrial capacity. The Mito6 protocol used fewer ischemic occlusion periods and multiple tests could be performed in succession in less time, increasing the practicality of the NIRS mitochondrial capacity test. There were no order effects for the rate constants of four repeated 6-occlusion tests of mitochondrial capacity, supporting the use of multiple tests to improve accuracy.

The Projected Nation: Argentine Cinema and the Social Margins by Matt Losada

Reviewed by: The Projected Nation: Argentine Cinema and the Social Margins by Matt Losada Constanza Burucúa Losada, Matt. The Projected Nation: Argentine Cinema and the Social Margins. U of New York P, 2018. 197 pp. Up until now, Matt Losada's acute observations and sharp writings on Argentine cinema had recurrently appeared in different journals and academic publications. The Projected Nation gathers many of his previously advanced ideas and further develops them into a systematic reading of the history and historiography of this national cinema. The result is a sophisticated monographic study in which the scrutiny of the social margins as a complex motive, both perennial and in perpetual reconfiguration, allows for a novel reading of the traditional periodization, as well as its associated film canon. Throughout the different chapters, the shifts in filmic representations of the national space are anchored to a meticulously informed and thoroughly summarized sociopolitical context. And while the social margins are treated as signifiers of discourses on inclusion and exclusion within the "national culture's field of representability" (70), this is closely related to a spectatorial gaze that is also evolving. As an interpretive vector, the social margins are not limited to the spatial coordinates along which subsequent representations of the national have been articulated. Instead, although the focus on the rural-urban divide remains central to Losada's arguments, his understanding of the social margins as the result of uneven processes of modernization and development allows for an analysis that, beyond spatial dichotomies, includes different and successive forms of Otherization on the basis of class, race, ethnicity, and gender. [End Page 304] Following an introduction that establishes the enduring influence of literary tropes initially formulated in nation-building writings of the nineteenth century, the first chapter is titled "National Modernization and the Production of Marginal Spaces in Early Feature Films." In it, Losada looks at how an incipient and emerging film sector (not even an industry yet), unharnessed by regulating institutions and still lacking cultural legitimation among the intellectual elites, allowed filmmakers enough autonomy (economic, political, and ideological), "to counter hegemonic discourses on identity and national space to a degree that would not be seen in Argentine cinema for several decades" (24). To sustain his points, the author turns to pioneering texts such as Amalia (Enrique García Velloso, 1914), Nobleza Gaucha (E. Gunche and E. Martínez de la Pera, 1915), Juan sin ropa (Georges Benoit, 1919) and El último malón (Alcides Greca, 1918), and, while revisiting the arguments put forward by leading voices in the study of the cinema of this early period, he offers his own thorough textual analysis to expose the narrative and formal strategies through which these films sidelined, challenged, or even defied costumbrista conventions and Lugones's criollista legacy. In "The Classical Cinema and the Perpetuation of a National Fantasy," attention is paid to what is eventually characterized as the most occlusive period (among the ones studied in this book), in terms of discursive and representational deviations from the official versions of national identity. As Losada explains, between the 1930s and the mid-1950s, a financially dependent and regulated industry "developed a unique film language that, as it conformed to the economic demands of classical film production, minimized the chance of contradicting comfortable conceptions of the national territory" (35). By looking at films such as La rubia del camino (Luis Romero, 1938), Kilómetro 111 (Mario Soffici, 1938), and Petróleo (Arturo Mom, 1940), Losada exposes the ideological alignment between these texts (with their more or less nuanced nationalistic overtones) and specific State-driven projects concerned with the nationalization of the oil sector and the creation of a roadway network across the national territory. And, whereas in the reading of La rubia del camino such questions are entwined with others concerning discourses on class, in that of Con el diablo en el cuerpo (Carlos Hugo Christensen, 1947) the author's attention is centered on the scrutiny of (normative and non-normative) masculinities mapped along the rural-urban divide. The chapter concludes with the analysis of Suburbio (León Klimovsky, 1951), Barrio Gris (Mario Soffici, 1954), and Detrás de un largo muro (Lucas De Mare, 1958...

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background:The free flap failure rate is 5% in head and neck microsurgical reconstruction, and ischemia–reperfusion injury is an important mechanism behind this failure rate. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a recent intervention targeting ischemia–reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate if RIPC improved clinical outcomes in microsurgical reconstruction.Methods:Head and neck cancer patients undergoing tumor resection and microsurgical reconstruction were included in a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized (1:1) to RIPC or sham intervention administered intraoperatively just before transfer of the free flap. RIPC was administered by four 5-minute periods of upper extremity occlusion and reperfusion. Clinical data were prospectively collected in the perioperative period and at follow-up on postoperative days 30 and 90. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed.Results:Sixty patients were randomized to RIPC (n = 30) or sham intervention (n = 30). All patients received allocated intervention. No patients were lost to follow up. At 30-day follow-up, flap failure occurred in 7% of RIPC patients (n = 2) and 3% of sham patients (n = 1) with the relative risk and 95% confidence interval 2.0 [0.2;20.9], P = 1.0. The rate of pedicle thrombosis was 10% (n = 3) in both groups with relative risk 1.0 [0.2;4.6], P = 1.0. The flap failure rate did not change at 90-day follow-up.Conclusions:RIPC is safe and feasible but does not affect clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing microsurgical reconstruction.

The study of the prevalence of anomalies of the dentition in the bukhara region, their early diagnosis and treatment

The study of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations, and the effectiveness of their treatment is an urgent problem, since it allows you to determine the need of the population for therapeutic and preventive orthodontic measures, calculate the necessary amount of orthodontic care, and determine the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures (Sablina G.I, Kovtonyuk P.A., 2004). The exclusion of orthodontic care from dental care for children and adolescents and its transfer to the category of paid medical services has led to a sharp reduction in orthodontists working in children's dental institutions, and preventive work is not carried out among the children's team to prevent dentition. Over the past decades, many new methods and treatment tools have appeared in domestic orthodontics, allowing the orthodontist to carry out the necessary medical and preventive measures at the early stages of the formation of pathology. An algorithm will be developed for the treatment of patients with occlusion anomalies during the period of constant occlusion with the use of anthropometric measurements and an articulator at the final stage, which will increase the effectiveness of the treatment and achieve stable long-term results. A standardized examination of children with anomalies of the dentition will be carried out using the example of the Bukhara region. A comparison will be made of indicators of soft tissues of the oral cavity in children with abnormalities of the dentofacial system and a negative effect of occlusion pathology on the condition of the oral mucosa will be established.

Поширеність зубощелепних аномалій у дітей віком 4–17-ти років

Rationale. According to numerous researchers, the prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies (DMA) in the structure of dental morbidity ranks third place after dental caries and periodontal pathology. It averages from 40 to 85 %, which determines the medical and social significance of the problem and requires the timely diagnosis of this orthodontic pathology and the use of the most effective prevention and treatment methods. Objective of research. To determine the prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies in children aged 4–17 years to perform the timely diagnosis, develop and implement rational prevention and treatment methods. Materials and methods. 2276 children were examined in the periods of temporary, mixed and permanent occlusion to study the prevalence of dentomaxillaire anomalies. The examination was performed in organized child care of Kyiv (kindergartens, schools) and at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics of Kyiv Medical University. All patients were divided into 3 clinical groups depending on the period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system. Results. According to the results of the conducted examinations of 2276 children aged from 4–17 years in the organized child care, the prevalence that reaches 75.83 % of all the examined and the nature of dento-maxillaire anomalies were detected. In particular, anomalies of class I of Angle’s Classification – 42.48 % rank the first place in terms of quantitative ratio, anomalies of class II of Angle’s Classification – 22.75 % rank the second place, the deep bite ranks the third place – 12.03 %, the fourth place – cross bite – 9.31 %, fifth place – direct bite – 6.32 %, sixth place – open bite – 3.38%, seventh place – anomalies of class III of Angle’s Classification – 3.16 % and the last eighth place is «the norm in orthodontics» – orthognathic occlusion – 0.57 %. Among the anomalies of individual teeth, teeth congestion was diagnosed in 58.28 %, diastema – in 29.83 %, trema – in 17.47 %, tortoanomalies – in 17.49 % and vestibular teeth alignment – in 13.26 %. Conclusions. The examination data analysis of 2276 children in organized child care shows a high prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies, that reaches 75.83 % of all the examined. The most common anomalies were: Class I of Angle’s Classification anomaly, which was diagnosed in 42.48 % of people, Class II of Angle’s Classification anomaly – in 22.75 %, and teeth congestion – in 58.28 % of cases. The considerable prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies indicates the need for the timely diagnosis of their early forms, that will allow to timely correct the disorder and ensure the normal development of a child’s dento-maxillaire system.

Is flow-mediated dilatation associated with near-infrared spectroscopy-derived magnitude of muscle O2 desaturation in healthy young and individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease?

Vascular occlusion test (VOT)-induced reactive hyperemia in brachial artery is crucial to flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Emerging studies have suggested that reactive hyperemia depends on the magnitude of the O2 desaturation (ischemia) in downstream microvessels. Although near-infrared spectroscopy-derived tissue O2 saturation index (TSI) has been used to assess the magnitude of ischemia, the association between FMD and the magnitude of O2 desaturation has not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether FMD correlates with the magnitude of muscle O2 desaturation in healthy young individuals and older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Twenty healthy young individuals and 20 others at risk for CVD participated in the study. The magnitude of ischemic stimulus was determined by calculating the area under curve of TSI signal over 5 min of cuff occlusion period. Oxygen resaturation rate was calculated as the upslope of the TSI signal over 10 s following cuff deflation. There was no significant correlation between FMD and the magnitude of ischemic stimulus in both groups assessed (young: R = 0.327; P = 0.159 and older: R = −0.184; P = 0.436). However, a significant correlation between the magnitude of O2 desaturation and O2 resaturation rate in young (R = 0.555; P = 0.011) and older individuals at risk for CVD (R = 0.539; P = 0.014). In conclusion, FMD response did not correlate with the magnitude of muscle O2 desaturation, although it seems to be partially associated with O2 resaturation rate.