Period Of Active Growth Research Articles

The Effect of Plant Growth Compensation by Adding Silicon-Containing Fertilizer under Light Stress Conditions.

The effects of different spectral compositions of light-emitting diode (LED) sources and fertilizer containing biologically active silicon (Si) in the nutrient solution on morphological and physiological plant response were studied. Qualitative indicators and the productivity of plants of a red-leaved and a green-leaved lettuce were estimated. Lettuce was grown applying low-volume hydroponics in closed artificial agroecosystems. The positive effect of Si fertilizer used as a microadditive in the nutrient solution on the freshly harvested biomass was established on the thirtieth day of vegetation under LEDs. Increase in productivity of the red-leaved lettuce for freshly harvested biomass was 26.6%, while for the green-leaved lettuce no loss of dry matter was observed. However, being grown under sodium lamps, a negative impact of Si fertilizer on productivity of both types of plants was observed: the amount of harvested biomass decreased by 22.6% and 30.3% for the green- and red-leaved lettuces, respectively. The effect of using Si fertilizer dramatically changed during the total growing period: up to the fifteenth day of cultivation, a sharp inhibition of the growth of both types of lettuce was observed; then, by the thirtieth day of LED lighting, Si fertilizer showed a stress-protective effect and had a positive influence on the plants. However, by the period of ripening there was no effect of using the fertilizer. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of Si fertilizers is preferable only when LED irradiation is applied throughout the active plant growth period.

School-Aged Children in Vancouver, Canada Do Not Meet Dietary Choline Recommendations but Meet Recommendations for Folate and Vitamin B12

ObjectivesNutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, and vitamin B12 are required for proper growth and development, but little is known about these nutrients in children. Our objective was to determine intakes and biomarkers of these nutrients in school-aged children (5 to 6 years old). MethodsA cross-sectional study of healthy children (n = 285) recruited from Vancouver, Canada were assessed. Dietary information was collected using three 24-hour recalls. Nutrient intakes were estimated using the Canadian Nutrient File and USDA database for choline; supplement use was collected by questionnaire. Plasma biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry and immunoassay. ResultsDaily dietary intakes were (mean ± SD) choline 250 ± 96 mg, betaine 88 ± 41 mg, folate 335 ± 126 μg DFE, and vitamin B12 3.78 ± 2.71 μg. Top food sources were dairy and eggs (42–57%) for choline and vitamin B12, and cereal and grains (41–60%) for betaine and folate. Only 40% of children met the choline adequate intake (AI) recommendation for North America (≥250 mg/d); 81.5% met the European AI (≥170 mg/d). Plasma free choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations were (mean ± SD) 8.62 ± 2.13 μmol/L, 45.3 ± 13.7 μmol/L, 3.34 ± 1.03 μmol/L, respectively. Dietary choline intake and plasma free choline were not related. However, dietary choline intake was positively associated with plasma dimethylglycine. Less than 5% of children had inadequate folate and vitamin B12 intakes. More than half of the children (59.4%) were consuming a supplement containing B-vitamins, but none included choline or betaine. Some children (5.26%) had total folic acid intakes above the North American upper limit (UL; >400 μg/d); 10.90% had intakes above the European UL (>300 μg/d). Vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with plasma total vitamin B12 (mean ± SD; 594 ± 158 pmol/L) in an adjusted model (sex, age, total energy intake, and supplement use; p < 0.05). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that many school-aged children are not meeting dietary choline recommendations. Some children may have excessive folic acid intakes. The impact of imbalanced methyl nutrient intakes during this active period of growth and development needs to be determined in the future. Funding SourcesCIHR, NSERC, and BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute.

Characteristics of some biochemical parameters in assimilating organs of herbaceous and woody plants in conditions of introduction

The paper presents study results of 8 herbaceous and woody plants species assimilating organs biochemical parameters in conditions of introduction. It has been identified that in 4 herbaceous introduced species increased chlorophyll content and ratio of chlorophyll to flavonoids in August is associated with massive flowering and fruiting phases. On the contrary, in Crataegus ellwangeriana the maximum values of the above parameters are the reaction to unfavorable growing conditions (lack of nutrition and moisture) during the active growth period. The increased anthocyanins synthesis in Physocarpus opulifolius and Sorbaria sorbifolia by 1,21,4 times and increased nitrogen balance in Aronia melanocarpa up to 23 mg/cm in September compared to summer period testifies to protective function formation in plant organism in pre-winter period. Slight fluctuations in flavonoids content throughout the entire vegetation season confirm that all the studied plants are in optimal nitrogen status. The following statistical methods were used to interpret the present study results: Shapiro-Wilk W-test (for small samples n 30), parametric analysis method Students t-test, t-test for dependent samples.

YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM

The highest and most stable grain yields of winter barley depend on the possibility of using the variety of soil and climatic conditions of cultivation at the maximum level, as well as the ability to overcome adverse meteorological factors that impair plant growth and development. Therefore, new varieties must be characterized by a complex system of biochemical, physiological and economically valuable traits and properties that ensure adaptability to specific growing conditions. In recent years, climate change has become apparent in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Autumn and spring periods are often accompanied by drought, air storms. Precipitation is uneven, which is typical for the zone of unstable moistu. Winter barley can give high grain yields only on fertile soils and for the application of a sufficient amount of fertilizers. Therefore, in modern intensive technologies, the use of mineral fertilizers has an important place. It is especially important to carry out nitrogen fertilization of crops, which should be moderate in autumn and during tillering and the formation of elements of the yield structure. Plants assimilate nitrogen most intensively during the period of active growth - from the spring tillering phase to the heading phase. Introduction of diammofosk N10P26K26 + N34 for top dressing in the phase of the beginning of tillering + N46 the beginning of the emergence of plants into the tube under pre-sowing cultivation for growing winter barley winter barley plants and foliar feeding with urea at a dose of N8 + microfertilizer Ecolist at a rate of 4,0 l/ha contributed to the opportunity to obtain grain yield of winter barley varieties Atlant Mironovsky at the level of 6,81 t/ha, Paso variety – 7,29 t/ha, which is more for the control plots without fertilization, by 4,97-5,23 t/ha.

Rethinking the role of underground political work in the struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, late 1950s- 1970s

Studies on underground (or clandestine forms of political struggle) remain largely unknown with just a few of them published. The study focuses on underground political work in southern Mozambique from the 1950s to the 1970s. The main argument that the study seeks to make is that despite the intensification of colonial exploitation for the benefit of the Portuguese capital, violent repression, imprison and systematic denial of the exercise of political rights for most of the Mozambican people, the people of southern Mozambique had already a period of active underground political growth, inspired by the international political environment (decolonization process after World War II) and after connected to FRELIMO and its platform. Small cells, mostly connecting educated, assimilated people, civil servants, artists, writers, painters, self-employed and workers developed underground activities ranging from the political task of organization, to political awareness, propaganda and spying, to the military task of recruitment for training abroad and to provide the military. Therefore, they countered Portuguese state propaganda and articulated an alternative political agenda. The underground political work had connections and continuity with other forms of struggle, such as with the colonial resistance of the 1950s and the FRELIMO struggle. The study combines primary and secondary written materials and oral accounts with underground political activists/militants.

Divergent climate feedbacks on winter wheat growing and dormancy periods as affected by sowing date in the North China Plain

Abstract. Crop phenology exerts measurable impacts on soil surface properties, biophysical processes and climate feedbacks, particularly at local or regional scales. Nevertheless, the response of surface biophysical processes to climate feedbacks as affected by sowing date in winter wheat croplands has been overlooked, especially during winter dormancy. The dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), surface energy balance and canopy temperature (Tc) were simulated by a modified SiBcrop (Simple Biosphere) model under two sowing date scenarios (early sowing, EP; late sowing, LP) at 10 stations in the North China Plain. The results showed that the SiBcrop model with a modified crop phenology scheme well simulated the seasonal dynamic of LAI, Tc, phenology and surface heat fluxes. An earlier sowing date had a higher LAI with earlier development than a later sowing date. But the response of Tc to the sowing date exhibited opposite patterns during the dormancy and active-growth periods: EP led to higher Tc (0.05 K) than LP in the dormancy period and lower Tc (−0.2 K) in the growth period. The highest difference (0.6 K) between EP and LP happened at the time when wheat was sown in EP but was not in LP. The higher LAI captured more net radiation with a warming effect but partitioned more energy into latent heat flux with cooling. The climate feedback of the sowing date, which was more obvious in winter in the northern areas and in the growing period in the southern areas, was determined by the relative contributions of the albedo radiative process and partitioning non-radiative process. The study highlights the surface biophysical process of land management in modulating climate.

Evaluation of the role of ventral interventions in the surgery of idiopathic scoliosis in patients with active bone growth

BACKGROUND: Today, the question of the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis during active bone growth, namely, the need for ventral interventions due to the emergence of modern dorsal instruments, remains open.&#x0D; AIM: This study aims to evaluate the role of ventral interventions in the surgical treatment of patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis Lenke type 1, 2, 3 during the period of active bone growth.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The long-term results of operational correction 352 patients with thoracic idiopathic scoliosis aged from 10 to 14 years old operated in Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan from 1998 to 2018 using various methods and different instrumentation types.&#x0D; RESULTS: Among patients (352 people) aged 10 to 14 years with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis (Lenke type 1, 2, 3), statistically significant postoperative progression was observed in patients who underwent surgical deformity correction using laminar (hook) fixation. At the same time, additional ventral stage conduction could not prevent deformity progression in the postoperative period. In those groups where hybrid fixation was used combined with the ventral stage and total transpedicular fixation, no significant progression was observed in the postoperative period.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Modern dorsal systems for transpedicular fixation narrow the indications for using additional mobilizing and stabilizing ventral interventions in the surgical treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis in patients with active bone growth. Total transpedicular fixation provides excellent main curve and anti-curvature arch correction in the absence of scoliotic deformity progression in the postoperative long-term follow-up.

Morphological study of nutrient foramen in adult human clavicles

Introduction: The Clavicle is a modified long bone and only long bone which is placed horizontally and subcutaneously at the root of neck. It transmits the weight from upper limb to the axial skeleton. Nutrient foramen is the largest foramen on the long bones through which nutrient artery for the bones passes. The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone, particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus, as well as during the early phase of ossification. The bone has a cylindrical part called the shaft and two ends, lateral and medial. The shaft is divisible into the lateral one-third and the medial two-thirds. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A Nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove running in a lateral direction. Aims &amp; objectives: To note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 100 adult human clavicles of unknown sex and age collected from the department of anatomy, Mysore medical college and research institute, Mysore. Clavicles were examined by direct observation to note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen. A magnifying lens was used to observe the foramina. Results: The study was conducted on 100 adult human clavicles (50 right and 50 left), and we observed the following results: Nutrient foramina were present in 97 clavicles - 49 clavicles (right) and 48 clavicles (left). Single foramina was present in 80 clavicles, 41 clavicles (right) and 39 clavicles (left) Double foramina were present in 17 clavicles, 8 clavicles (right) and 9 clavicles (left). Absence of nutrient foramina were found in 3 clavicles, 1 clavicle (right) and 2 clavicles (left). All foramina were directed towards the acromial end of the clavicle. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramina in clavicles are important for surgeons for performing surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation. KEY WORDS: Clavicle, Nutrient Foramen, Bone Graft.

Skeletal and dental changes induced by the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in the treatment of Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion during active growth period: A preliminary study.

Background. The Flip-Lock Herbst (TP Orthodontics Inc.) is a fixed functional appliance, a variant of the Herbst appliance, introduced by Miller. It is claimed to have better patient tolerance due to its increased freedom for the mandible’s lateral movements. There have been no studies on the flip lock Herbst till date. This study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion. Methods. Eight subjects in their active growth period with class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible were included in the study. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate skeletal and dental changes with the SO analysis. Paired samples t-test was used to assess statistical significance. Results. Statistically significant increases in mandibular length (pg/OLp) and effective mandibular length (ar/OLp + pg/OLp) were observed. There was a significant maxillary restraining effect. Dental effects were significant and exhibited class II correction features except for the position of lower incisors within the mandible (ii/OLp - pg/OLp). Skeletal changes accounted for 61% and dental changes for 39% of the total treatment for molar correction. For overjet correction, skeletal changes contributed to 63% and dental changes to 37% of the total treatment. Conclusion. The Flip-Lock Herbst appliance was efficient in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible. Both skeletal and dental changes were evident, with the former predominating (60:40).

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer: Review of models and bubble dynamics parameters

Understanding nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and, in particular the accurate prediction of conditions that can lead to critical heat flux, is of the utmost importance in many industries. Due to the safety issues related to the nuclear power plants, and for the efficient operation of many heat transfer units including fossil fuel boilers, fusion reactors, electronic chips, etc., it is important to understand this kind of heat transfer. In this paper, a comprehensive review of analytical and numerical work on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer is presented. In order to understand this phenomenon, existing studies on boiling heat transfer coefficient and boiling heat flux are also discussed, as well as characteristics of boiling phenomena such as bubble departure diameter, bubble departure frequency, active nucleation site density, bubble waiting and growth period and their impact on pool boiling heat transfer.

Influence of climatic conditions of the introduction period and varietal characteristics of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) on the effectiveness of culture initiation in vitro

The article presents data from the effectiveness studies of the initial introduction stage of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) into in vitro culture depending on the introduction period and the corresponding climatic conditions. The research objects were varieties of black currants selected by the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding: Azhurnaya, Orlovskaya serenada, Ocharovanie, Chudnoye mgnovenye. The introduction into in vitro culture was carried out in several periods characterized by different physiological states of the explants: the period of dormancy release (mid-March), the period of active growth (June), and the period of growth decay (mid-September). The source material in the spring and autumn periods were the buds of one-year stiffened shoots, in the summer introduction period - the buds of growing green shoots. The cultivation was carried out on Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with 6-BAP (0.5 mg/l). It was noted that the survival rate of explants is determined by the physiological state of the source material due to the corresponding agro-climatic conditions during the introduction period, as well as the genotypic characteristics of the varieties. Thus, explants isolated during the active growing season are characterized by a higher and more stable survival rate. When explants were cultivated in spring and autumn, the physiological state of the explants and their survival rate were influenced by the genotypic response of varieties to the corresponding agroclimatic conditions.

ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ КУР-НЕСУШЕК ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

The article presents the results of the use of soy protein hydrolysate in combination with vitamins and microelements «Abiotonic» on laying hens of the cross «Hayseks brown» at the rate of 1 ml/kg of live weight. In order to determine the efficiency of the feed additive, indicators of the clinical status of birds were studied, biochemical and clinical blood tests were carried out. It was found that the feed additive «Abiotonic» in a dose of 1 ml/kg of live weight of hens does not have a negative effect on the physiological indicators of birds. The results of blood tests make it possible to talk about a reliable stimulating effect of feed additives on the metabolic processes, increasing the indicators characterizing hematopoiesis. Accordingly, the feed additive «Abiotonic» can be recommended for use in birds during the period of active growth and development of the organism.

Эффективность применения кормовой добавки «Абиопептид» в скотоводстве

This article presents materials on the production test of the Abiopeptid feed additive on calves of the Holstein breed raised in Sovkhoz Golovkovo LLC MTF Kryukovo, two groups of 20 calves were formed in each experimental group, the Abiopeptid feed additive was soldered at a rate of 1 ml/kg live masses. As a result, the use of the Abiopeptid feed additive at a dose of 1 ml / kg of calf live weight has been established that it does not negatively affect the physiological parameters of the clinical status of animals. The use of the Abiopeptid feed additive increases the average daily gain of calves by 100,0 g compared with the control group. The results of blood tests suggest a reliable stimulating effect of the Abiopeptid feed supplement on metabolic processes, increasing the parameters characterizing hematopoiesis. Thus, the Abiopeptid feed additive can be recommended for use by animals during the period of active growth and development of the body, to stimulate weight gain, and activate animal metabolism, and prevent anemia and malnutrition. In order to determine the effectiveness of the feed additive, we studied the indicators of the clinical status of calves and a biochemical and general blood test.

Application of salicylic acid in growing beta vulgaris l. plants in the context of sustainable agricultural production

The use of synthetic phytohormones is a promising technology for intensification and greening of agricultural production. Salicylic acid, among the others, is of particular interest. It causes anti-stress activity in plants in response to various adverse environmental factors in the laboratory. The analysis of the results of model field experiments showed that the use of salicylic acid for pre-sowing treatment of beet seeds varieties "Detroit" and "Egyptian flat" improves the habitus of mature plants, increases their water conservation capacity under adverse growth conditions (concentration 1•10-4 M). In adverse climatic conditions (initially excess moisture, and during the period of active growth and accumulation of nutrients - drought), the mass of the roots of both varieties of beets doubled under the influence of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1•10-5 M and increased 1.7 times at a concentration of 1•10-4 M (Detroit beets). This indicates a variety-specific reaction of beet plants to different concentrations of salicylic acid used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The use of salicylic acid in the cultivation of beets can become a priority in the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development in a changing climate.

Особенности реабилитации детей с послеожоговыми рубцами дистальных отделов нижних конечностей

Background: rehabilitation after burns of the distal limbs is a challenging process due to many small joints and heavy functional load. During active growth periods, the risk of rapid progression of deformities is particularly high as intensive growth under scarring may result in sprains and even bone angulation. Regular monitoring is a prerequisite for adequate treatment. Aim: to analyze the rate and terms of the development of foot deformities in children of various ages and the actual amount of rehabilitation measures based on clinical anamnestic data. Patients and Methods: anamnestic data, clinical presentations, and X-ray exams of 65 children with foot deformities who were managed in the G.I. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery in 2015–2019 were analyzed. All children were distributed across age groups. Results: the analysis of anamnestic data revealed an inadequate amount of preventive rehabilitation measures after skin integrity recovery. In half of the patients, conservative therapy included anti-scarring creams and gels and, occasionally, compression clothing. The highest rate of scar deformities requiring surgery was reported in preschool and early school children (these are the ages of rapid growth). In preschool children, scar deformities are significantly more common in the earliest period (up to 2 years after epithelization). Conclusion: rehabilitation of children after burns should be continued until a child stops growing. These measures should include complementary surgical and conservative treatment in both in-patient and out-patient departments. KEYWORDS: burn, scar deformities, foot deformities, check-up of children after burns, prevention of scarring. FOR CITATION: Filippova O.V., Afonichev K.A. Rehabilitation of children with post-burn scars of the distal limbs. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):168–172. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-2-168-172.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPANIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY OF THE WORLD ECONOMY: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS

As we know economic processes have a cyclical nature, which determines the periods of active economic growth and decline. Given the dynamic development of the world economy, the main task today for small, medium and large businesses is to adapt to volatile market conditions. Adaptation of companies to cyclical processes is the only way to increase the level of competitiveness of the firm, maximize profits, increase the efficiency of capital use, and so on. During the research such general scientific methods as: inductive, deductive, statistical, dynamic, etc. are used. The aim of the study was to determine the positive and negative effects of the instability of the world economy on the development of companies in various sectors of the economy. Current trends in the development of companies in an unstable economic situation are studied. Examples of active development and bankruptcy of companies during economic crises, shocks, depressions are given. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the formation and development of individual enterprises is analyzed. The statistical information on changes in gross profit of some companies of the secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy in the conditions of market instability is given. The main principles of increasing the efficiency of enterprises, taking into account the cyclical nature of the economy, in particular: minimizing costs and achieving a higher level of environmental friendliness; introduction of a high level of innovation and development of technological innovations; improving the quality of management, which will provide a high level of flexibility and adaptability of companies to unforeseen changes; development of a culture of experimentation. Examples of some tools and methods for analyzing the external and internal environment of the company, in particular, SWOT-analysis, the use of which provides the ability to make management decisions to improve the efficiency of capital use. It is concluded that under conditions when competition in the market is constant or increasing, the so-called "struggle for the consumer's dollar" is carried out, and therefore companies need to constantly analyze their competitors. This allows you to make appropriate decisions as quickly as possible when market conditions change.

Soil enzyme activity in the dry valley phytocenoses under the influence ofAcer negundoL.

The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the soil of dry valley phytocenoses under the influence of ash-leaved maple was investigated. The research objects were selected taking into account the ranking of plantations by crown density. Soil samples were collected depending on the horizontal differentiation of communities in the undercrown and outer zones of phytogenic fields. An increase in the enzyme activity during the period of active tree growth among experimental and control samples was established. Among the enzymes, invertase demonstrated the highest activity, while protease and phosphatase were characterised by medium activity. An increased invertase activity was found in the trees with a high crown density as compared to the trees of other groups. The obtained data can be used as diagnostic indicators of soil condition for monitoring natural ecosystems.

INFLUENCE OF THE STERILIZATION METHOD AND THE TIME OF INTRODUCTION INTO IN VITRO CULTURE ON THE VIABILITY OF EXPLANTS OF THE CLONAL APPLE STOCK 54-118

The stage of introducing explants into a sterile culture is difficult in the technology of clonal micropropagation of plants. The article shows the possible ways of sterilization and the introduction terms of explants of the clonal apple stocks 54-118 into in vitro culture in order to reduce planting infection and increase the yield of sterile viable explants. The best time for introducing clonal apple stocks 54-118 into sterile in vitro culture is the period of active shoot growth. Sterilization of explants with ethyl alcohol (70,0 %, 1 min) in combination with hydrogen peroxide (33,0 %) for 7 minutes and ethyl alcohol (70,0 %, 1 min) in combination with diacide (0,1 %) within 6 minutes contributed to the production of 63,0 % and 60,0 % of viable sterile explants.

Microbial biofilms on a giant monolithic statue of Buddha: The symbiosis of microorganisms and mosses and implications for bioweathering

Monolithic statues of Buddha are important cultural heritage objects. The inevitable coverage by moss with associated microorganisms is believed to drive weathering, but the functions of moss in bioweathering are still unclear. In this study, mosses and their associated microorganisms of the Leshan Giant Buddha in China from three distinct periods (e.g., growing, senescent, and residual) were examined using High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR techniques. The results showed that the period of active moss growth rather than species had a regulatory role on the microenvironment, which further affected the microbial communities and metabolism. The higher frequency of nucleotide sequences related to enzymes of nutrient cycling and weathering in the growing period indicated active interaction between microorganisms and substrate. Moss growth increased energy allocation to substratum surface through photosynthesis. Higher abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea was detected and responsible for nitrogen transformation. In particular, moss growth promoted iron-associated processes and likely electron transport processes. Iron-reducing bacteria were the main players responsible for transforming iron oxides on the statue. It is concluded that moss growth plays an important role in driving microbial weathering. This study highlights the urgency of moss symbiosis control for protecting monolithic statues in the field.

Correction of Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency via PowerScope appliance

One of Major challenges in managing mild to moderate malocclusion cases involves management of class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiencies during active growth period and are generally treated via myofunctional appliance.Dissent of myofunctional appliance led to the evolvement of fixed functional appliance. Power scope appliance is used as a latest class II corrector in day to day practice. This case report describes the efficacy of power scope appliance as a skeletal class II corrector in a male patient aged 14 years with mandibular deficiency who reported to the clinic with chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth.Levelling and alignment were performed with ideal arch wire sequencing followed by instalment of Power Scope appliance also patient was monitored every month for further adjustment and reactivation of appliance. As a result, Significant changes were seen in mandibular advancement, incisor proclination as well as reduction in over bite and over jet.Anterior movement of soft tissue pogonion lead to notable improvement in facial profile.