Performance Test Methods Research Articles

Application of Performance Test Method in Korea for LED Optical Medical Device Samples

This study obtained key performance items related to phototherapy and the standards of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy devices through the published literature to secure LED phototherapy device safety in South Korea. Based on these items and IEC 62471-1 for the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems, a performance test method and wavelength parameters, which are the main performance indicators of the LED phototherapy device, were derived. We conducted a performance test derived from this study using samples with the same performance as the sample that is being developed. The samples comprised a laser and IR LED, red LED, and blue LED. All samples were within ±5%, of the standard threshold. The 455 nm blue LED and 625 nm red LED were close to the set value with a difference of 1 to 2 nm; their wavelengths’ accuracy was within ±0.32%, ±0%, and ±0.219%, depending on the samples’ wavelengths, which was the same or similar to the error range of ±0%. As for laser and IR LED, the difference from the set value was as large as 2 to 7 nm, and their error ranges were close to ±1%, as shown by ±0.615%, ±0.828%, or ±0.591%, which were larger than the values for red and blue LEDs.

Study on seismic performance test and calculation method of recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall

SummaryRecycled steel wire is taken from used tires, and by procedures like mechanical cutting and friction treatment, it can be converted into industrial recycled steel fiber that meets precise criteria. Such green fiber may effectively limit the growth of fractures in concrete and diffuse the fracture energy of concrete when incorporated into concrete. An investigation of the effects of materials and horizontal reinforcement spacing on the seismic performance of shear wall specimens is presented in this research. The test and numerical simulation findings indicate that the RSFRC (recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete) shear wall's fracture is substantially narrower than that of a conventional shear wall and that the shear carrying capacity and deformation ductility of the shear wall have been greatly enhanced. The energy dissipation capacity of the RSFRC shear wall specimen with varying horizontal reinforcement spacing is significantly enhanced when compared to the conventional shear wall, and the ultimate displacements are reduced. RSFRC shear wall specimen has higher stiffness in the early stage, and the overall stiffness decreases slowly. With the decrease of fiber volume fraction of RSFRC shear wall in a certain range, the shear bearing capacity and stiffness of the model will decrease slightly, but the ductility will increase significantly. Compared with the RSFRC shear wall with fiber aspect ratio of 40 and 25, the bearing capacity and ductility of the two are close, but the RSFRC shear wall with low aspect ratio is slightly insufficient. When the axial compression ratio is in the range of 0.2–0.4, the horizontal shear capacity of RSFRC shear wall increases with the increase of vertical load, but the maximum horizontal displacement becomes smaller, and the model is damaged by compression. Using theoretical calculation, this work also creates the simplified calculation method and restoring force model for the bearing capacity of the diagonal section of RSFRC shear wall. The observed findings correspond well with the test hysteresis curve and may serve as a benchmark for future study. This study provides a new research direction for the seismic performance of RSFRC structures, as well as a solid theoretical foundation and promotion for future research.

Development of Accelerated Test Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Fumed-Silica Vacuum Insulation Panels Using Accelerated Conditions.

International standards for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) include an accelerated test method and a minimum quality standard for evaluating their long-term thermal performance after 25 years. The accelerated test method consists of various tests according to the characteristics of the core material and requires six months (180 days) at minimum. Herein, we propose an accelerated method for determining the long-term thermal performance of fumed-silica VIPs by shortening the required time and simplifying the procedure. Highly accelerated conditions (80 °C and 70% Relative humidity (RH)) were set for the evaluation method, using the maximum temperature (80 °C) cited in international standards and compared with the accelerated test method under accelerated conditions (50 °C and 70% RH). The inner-pressure increase rate of the VIP samples after conditioning for approximately 70 days was similar to that after conditioning for 180 days under highly accelerated and accelerated conditions, respectively. In addition, the estimated long-term thermal conductivities of the fumed-silica VIP were derived as 0.0076 and 0.0054 W/m·K under highly accelerated and accelerated conditions, respectively. These accelerated methods can be used to produce fumed-silica VIPs with similar long-term thermal conductivities. Therefore, the accelerated test method for long-term thermal performance using the highly accelerated conditions can be evaluated using a test that involves conditioning the sample for approximately 70 days under 80 °C and 70% RH.

A Performance Testing Method for HRF in Dual Mode Communication

In recent years, dual-mode communication technology has developed rapidly. Dual-mode communication technology is a local communication technology that integrates a high-speed power line carrier (HPLC) and high-speed radio frequency (HRF). The performance of HRF is a guarantee for the healthy operation of dual-mode communication. This article studies the performance testing methods of HRF, designs and builds a testing system that combines software and hardware and conducts performance testing on the HRF part of the dual-mode integrated chip. The main tests are on the sending and receiving performance of HRF, and the test results show that the performance of HRF in the dual mode chip meets the relevant performance requirements of the State Grid’s “Technical Specification for Dual Mode Communication Interconnection”. The testing system designed in this article can achieve testing of HRF performance.

Test Methods for Performance of Protective Devices Excited by Conducted Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance

Test Methods for Performance of Protective Devices Excited by Conducted Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance

Identification and verification of novel immune-related ferroptosis signature with excellent prognostic predictive and clinical guidance value in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Immunity and ferroptosis often play a synergistic role in the progression and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have focused on identifying immune-related ferroptosis gene biomarkers. Methods: We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and random forest to identify prognostic differentially expressed immune-related genes (PR-DE-IRGs) highly related to HCC and characteristic prognostic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (PR-DE-FRGs) respectively to run co-expression analysis for prognostic differentially expressed immune-related ferroptosis characteristic genes (PR-DE-IRFeCGs). Lasso regression finally identified 3 PR-DE-IRFeCGs for us to construct a prognostic predictive model. Differential expression and prognostic analysis based on shared data from multiple sources and experimental means were performed to further verify the 3 modeled genes' biological value in HCC. We ran various performance testing methods to test the model's performance and compare it with other similar signatures. Finally, we integrated composite factors to construct a comprehensive quantitative nomogram for accurate prognostic prediction and evaluated its performance. Results: 17 PR-DE-IRFeCGs were identified based on co-expression analysis between the screened 17 PR-DE-FRGs and 34 PR-DE-IRGs. Multi-source sequencing data, QRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and testing methods fully confirmed the upregulation and significant prognostic influence of the three PR-DE-IRFeCGs in HCC. The model performed well in the performance tests of multiple methods based on the 5 cohorts. Furthermore, our model outperformed other related models in various performance tests. The immunotherapy and chemotherapy guiding value of our signature and the comprehensive nomogram's excellent performance have also stood the test. Conclusion: We identified a novel PR-DE-IRFeCGs signature with excellent prognostic prediction and clinical guidance value in HCC.

Dataset Evaluation Method and Application for Performance Testing of SSVEP-BCI Decoding Algorithm.

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have been extensively researched over the past two decades, and multiple sets of standard datasets have been published and widely used. However, there are differences in sample distribution and collection equipment across different datasets, and there is a lack of a unified evaluation method. Most new SSVEP decoding algorithms are tested based on self-collected data or offline performance verification using one or two previous datasets, which can lead to performance differences when used in actual application scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposed a SSVEP dataset evaluation method and analyzed six datasets with frequency and phase modulation paradigms to form an SSVEP algorithm evaluation dataset system. Finally, based on the above datasets, performance tests were carried out on the four existing SSVEP decoding algorithms. The findings reveal that the performance of the same algorithm varies significantly when tested on diverse datasets. Substantial performance variations were observed among subjects, ranging from the best-performing to the worst-performing. The above results demonstrate that the SSVEP dataset evaluation method can integrate six datasets to form a SSVEP algorithm performance testing dataset system. This system can test and verify the SSVEP decoding algorithm from different perspectives such as different subjects, different environments, and different equipment, which is helpful for the research of new SSVEP decoding algorithms and has significant reference value for other BCI application fields.

IDENTIFICATION OF PADDY DISEASE ALONG ITS PROCESSING TIME

Most tropical and subtropical nations in the world eat rice as their main meal. This involves hectare-sized paddy fields, whose upkeep and care becomes a tiresome undertaking for the farmers. The caregivers are unable to recognize ailments and are unable to finish the time-consuming task of crop care in a timely manner. This research offers a suggestion for a rapid identification of paddy into unhealthy plants as a result of this laborious operation. The purpose of this work is to offer a system for diagnosing and detecting paddy illness based on performance testing and image processing methods. The system, which was developed in C++ and tested using a dataset of contaminated leaf images, is used. The several varieties of spotted leaves caused by paddy disease are provided in this dataset. Image acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, and performance measurement are the system's four key processes. These steps each conduct their own tasks. In addition, this research provides a definitive description of the paddy illness. The image is shrunk and made grayscale in the first phase because it is the procedure for carrying out the subsequent actions. The sick areas are then divided into groups and given labels. As a result, the processing time and signal-to-noise ratio are calculated and summarized in the last phase. According to the study's findings, the suggested system can accurately and efficiently identify and categorize paddy disease in plants.

Current status of turbojets and their future

As one of the important equipment components, aeroengine reflects the national aviation development level and has an important strategic position and value. At present, there are four main types of aeroengines. This paper focuses on the mechanical structure, energy transfer mode, thrust weight ratio and existing defects of the turbine engine. From the point of view of mechanical design, the motion principle of engine components is discussed. From the point of view of energy, the performance test method of engine afterburner is studied, several feasible test schemes are proposed, and the application of turbine engine in miniaturization is discussed. From the point of view of energy saving, the power, maximum torque and thrust gravity ratio of naturally aspirated engine and turbine engine are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of turbine engine are analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of aeroengine is studied, such as the wide application of new generation plasma engine and more efficient reburning afterburner.

Rheological Characterization of Reclaimed Asphalt Binder Blended with The Neat And Sbs-pma Binders

Reusing reclaimed asphalt pavement material guarantees a substantial optimization of non-renewable material resources, emissions reduction, and decreasing landfill space, along with the economic benefits associated with saving the costs of purchasing and transporting new aggregate and asphalt binder for asphalt concrete mixture production. This study aims to investigate the influence of aged asphalt binder from reclaimed asphalt pavement on the virgin asphalt binder’s rheological properties. Therefore, different dosages of RAP binder (20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of the total mix) were blended with neat asphalt binder (40-50), penetration grade (P40), and SBS polymer asphalt (SBS-PMA) binder. Using both traditional and Superpave performance testing methods, the effects of RAP on the blend's consistency, viscosity, softening, elastic recovery, rutting (permanent deformation), fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking were evaluated. The results revealed that the RAP binder decreased the penetration value of both neat and SBS-PMA binders. The neat asphalt binder’s viscosity and softening point increased with the increase in RAP content, whereas they decreased for SBS-PMA. The RAP binder decreases the SBS-PMA elastic recovery. where the neat asphalt experienced a little improvement in elastic recovery when blended with the RAP binder. The Superpave test results revealed that the RAP binder deteriorates the performance of the SBS-PMA binder at high, intermediate, and low testing temperatures. With the addition of 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP, the high-temperature PG grade of SBS-PMA blends decreased by 0.64%, 0.95%, and 1.10%, respectively, while the low-temperature PG grade increased by 23%, 31%, and 32%, respectively. In contrast, the RAP improves the neat asphalt blend's high-temperature performance grade and deteriorates intermediate and low-temperature performance grades. The addition of 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP increased the neat asphalt blends' high-temperature properties by 1.5%, 3.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. whereas the neat asphalt low-temperature PG grade increased by 5%, 11%, and 15% with the addition of 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP, respectively. In summary, the performance of virgin and RAP binder blends depends on the individual characteristics of the blended asphalt binders

Research on Key points of escalator braking Safety Performance detection method

In the rapid development of social economy and science and technology, Chinese public transportation and large-scale shopping malls, stations, airports in the construction promotion, start to use escalator in a large number, as a transportation vehicle of the new era construction development, although it has solved the problems of the human flow of the traditional urban construction and development, but also a lot of safety accidents have emerged. According to the practice investigation and research, there are many types of escalator safety accidents at home and abroad, which are reflected in the safety protection device, synchronous safety, brake safety and other aspects, which directly endanger people's life, property and health. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the theoretical research status of escalator technology, and according to the overall design of automatic safety performance detection of escalator, we propose an escalator braking performance test method, and then mainly study the safety and reliability of escalator equipment, in order to provide an effective basis for the construction and development of a new era.

Research on Standardized Management of Basic Data Elements in Integrated Management Information System

In the rapid development of social economy and science and technology, Chinese public transportation and large-scale shopping malls, stations, airports in the construction promotion, start to use escalator in a large number, as a transportation vehicle of the new era construction development, although it has solved the problems of the human flow of the traditional urban construction and development, but also a lot of safety accidents have emerged. According to the practice investigation and research, there are many types of escalator safety accidents at home and abroad, which are reflected in the safety protection device, synchronous safety, brake safety and other aspects, which directly endanger people's life, property and health. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the theoretical research status of escalator technology, and according to the overall design of automatic safety performance detection of escalator, we propose an escalator braking performance test method, and then mainly study the safety and reliability of escalator equipment, in order to provide an effective basis for the construction and development of a new era.

An Automotive LiDAR Performance Test Method in Dynamic Driving Conditions.

The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor has become essential to achieving a high level of autonomous driving functions, as well as a standard Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). LiDAR capabilities and signal repeatabilities under extreme weather conditions are of utmost concern in terms of the redundancy design of automotive sensor systems. In this paper, we demonstrate a performance test method for automotive LiDAR sensors that can be utilized in dynamic test scenarios. In order to measure the performance of a LiDAR sensor in a dynamic test scenario, we propose a spatio-temporal point segmentation algorithm that can separate a LiDAR signal of moving reference targets (car, square target, etc.), using an unsupervised clustering method. An automotive-graded LiDAR sensor is evaluated in four harsh environmental simulations, based on time-series environmental data of real road fleets in the USA, and four vehicle-level tests with dynamic test cases are conducted. Our test results showed that the performance of LiDAR sensors may be degraded, due to several environmental factors, such as sunlight, reflectivity of an object, cover contamination, and so on.

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION PERFORMANCE TESTING USING LOAD TESTING AND STRESS TESTING METHODS IN API SERVICE

Testing an application is an important thing to do in software development. However, there are some tests that are sometimes missed after application development has been completed, such as performance testing. Performance testing is a type of test to ensure software will work properly under the expected workload. When performance testing is important to ensure that the functional needs of the system are running well. To ensure that the business objectives of the system are satisfactory and according to user needs can be done using Black Box Method. After ensuring the final results meet the specifications of the system needs, performance testing can be carried out. In performance testing, a load and stress testing methods are used to test the system, so as to be able to validate system performance are correct and determine the operating capacity of the system, with load limit at the break threshold and above the break threshold. This test is carried out to help determine how software can act well when accessed by several users together with a lot of data. This study conduct analyze the behavior of the system in the server environment that currently running and then optimize the configuration of the service and server to achieve concurrent users with 500 users at a time with jmeter as a performance test tools.

Can Insects Assess Environmental Risk? Movement Responses and Nymph Emergence in Response to Insecticides

In natural habitats, there is a strong evolutionary selection pressure on herbivorous insects to avoid danger and choose suitable host plants. Similar selection pressures may drive movement and choices of oviposition hosts by herbivorous insects living in agricultural cropping systems, in which insecticides are often used. In this study, we quantified movement responses and nymph emergence (collectively referred to as bio-responses) of western-tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae)) individuals when exposed to environments associated with a perceived “risk” (experimental insecticide treatments and their corresponding controls). We introduce a novel analytical approach in which treatments (risk environments) are ranked in ascending order based on bio-responses (movement or nymph emergence). Consequently, linear regression coefficients were generated and used to interpret bio-responses of Lygus individuals in different life stages to risk environments. Initially, we predicted movement by Lygus individuals to be positively associated with environmental risk and nymph emergence to be negatively associated with environmental risk. Overall, based on a comprehensive combination of no- and two-choice bioassays, we found that: (1) In no-choice bioassays, movement parameters (both total distance moved and movement percentage) by all three life stages were lowest in low-risk environments and highest when Lygus individuals were exposed to either malathion or Grandevo. Accordingly, environments involving malathion or Grandevo were considered high-risk. (2) No-choice movement bioassays also revealed that Lygus males moved significantly more (based on comparison of regression intercepts) than other life stages, and that they responded significantly more (based on comparison of regression slopes) than conspecific females and nymphs. (3) In two-choice movement bioassays, neem elicited the most consistent movement responses by Lygus individuals, and adult life stages showed the strongest response. Two-choice movement bioassays also revealed that Lygus adults, compared to nymphs, were more likely to spend time in low-risk areas of the test arenas. (4) Nymph emergence was markedly lower in no-choice compared to two-choice bioassays, and in two-choice bioassays, Grandevo and malathion elicited especially biased nymph emergence from low-risk beans. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which movement bioassays have been used to quantify and characterize behavioral responses by Lygus life stages to environments associated with varying degrees of risk. The novel analytical approach presented in this study provides a high degree of complementarity to more traditional performance-testing methods used to evaluate responses to insecticides. Furthermore, we believe that this analytical approach can be of considerable relevance to studies of animal phenomics and behavioral studies of animals more broadly, in which adaptation and fitness parameters are examined in response to environmental risk and heterogeneity.

Data-Driven Urban Gas Pipeline Integrity Detection and Evaluation Technology System

At present, PE pipelines are widely used in urban gas pipeline networks. As pipeline safety is of great importance to the gas supply, this paper focuses on the safety and reliability of PE pipes during service. First of all, this paper analyzes the aging factors of PE materials and the failure forms and mechanisms of PE pipes. Second, the performance testing methods of PE pipelines are summarized, including pipeline pressure tests, pipeline condition inspections, welded joint inspections, mechanical performance tests, and physical performance tests. In addition, life prediction methods for PE pipelines are introduced and analyzed. The methods and applicability of tensile experiments and DSC experiments based on thermal oxygen aging are both analyzed, and the corresponding experiments are also carried out. On the basis of the above research, the technical system of the integrity detection and evaluation of urban gas pipelines is finally established. The system includes the integrity detection method of urban gas pipelines and the applicability evaluation and determination of retest cycles, which can provide a reference for the safe operation of urban gas pipeline networks.

Good Practices for the Laboratory Performance Testing of Aqueous Oral Inhaled Products (OIPs): an Assessment from the International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium on Regulation and Science (IPAC-RS).

Multiple sources must be consulted to determine the most appropriate procedures for the laboratory-based performance evaluation of aqueous oral inhaled products (OIPs) for the primary measures, dose uniformity/delivery, and aerodynamic particle (droplet) size distribution (APSD). These sources have been developed at different times, mainly in Europe and North America, during the past 25years by diverse organizations, including pharmacopeial chapter/monograph development committees, regulatory agencies, and national and international standards bodies. As a result, there is a lack of consistency across all the recommendations, with the potential to cause confusion to those developing performance test methods. We have reviewed key methodological aspects of source guidance documents identified by a survey of the pertinent literature and evaluated the underlying evidence supporting their recommendations for the evaluation of these performance measures. We have also subsequently developed a consistent series of solutions to guide those faced with the various associated challenges when developing OIP performance testing methods for oral aqueous inhaled products.

Integrating Quality Assurance in Balance Mix Designs for Durable Asphalt Mixtures: State-of-the-Art Literature Review

Delivering durable asphalt concrete within a reasonable cost is one of the great ambitions of pavement material engineers. This state-of-the-art review article documents the efforts spent in the past two decades to ensure the durability and performance of asphalt mixtures in mix design and production. A perspective with the attempt to integrate laboratory mix design, plant production quality assurance, and field place acceptance is applied in the review. The development of the performance specification and performance mix design is summarized. The paper categorizes performance specification into index-based performance specification and predictive performance specification that include performance-related specification and performance-based specification. The approaches to developing index-based performance mix design/balanced mix design and predictive performance mix design are also compared in the review. The challenges and solutions in incorporating performance tests in asphalt productions are documented and discussed. The challenges include selecting performance testing methods, determining index threshold limits, estimating and incorporating testing variability and uncertainty, determining sampling position and testing frequency, and so forth. The paper also provides suggested areas of future research and implementation activities.

A review of FMLs performance test methods and index evaluation

With its excellent fatigue performance and high damage tolerance and other irreplaceable advantages, FMLs have gradually increased the demand in aerospace, rail transit, ship and other fields, and have put forward higher requirements for the speed and accuracy of its performance test and index evaluation. In this paper, the methods of performance test, analysis and index evaluation of FMLs are introduced from three aspects with carbon fiber and composite materials, mechanical properties and numerical simulation technology, details the common test methods, the latest technology and progress, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide direction and reference for the performance test method and index evaluation of FMLs. Finally, the main development directions of the current performance testing methods and index evaluation of FMLs are briefly discussed.

산업화된 현대 흙건축 자재를 위한 표준시험법 고찰 및 제안

Purpose: Although no normative basis for earthen architecture has been established in Korea so far, this study aims to serve as a starting point for a long journey to obtain the legitimacy of earthen architecture by contributing to the establishment of standardized test types for earthen architecture. Method: In this research, 131 test methods for performance and quality of earth building among 24 earth building codes and normative documents (with additional 120 related regulations) being implemented in 11 countries and regions were categorized by the quantitative parameters revealing the properties of contemporary earth building, and were scrutinized. Result: First, it is imperative to define the properties and parameters to be verified, taking account the own feature of earth building materials and elements. In Korea, the properties of moisture as well as structural stability should be included due to its climatic characteristics. Next, it is necessary to select an appropriate parameters for verifying the performance of respective construction technique and material, and to apply or to develop an appropriate test method accordingly. Conventional test methods can no longer keep pace with the development of earthen architecture. In addition, it needs to consider whether and how to continue the field test, since it is no more effective in mass production system. Finally, it’s time to consider how to use stabilizer. This is more about the earth building industry than the standardized test methods. In any case, it is the essence how earthen architecture can be more prolific without losing the initial purpose.