Performance Of Sector Research Articles

China’s Duty-Free Trade Policy to Bangladeshi Products: A Potential Trade and Economic Effects Analysis Using Partial and Computable General Equilibrium Model

China is one of the critical and strategic trading partners of Bangladesh. The Chinese government has declared a zero-tariff facility for 97% of products imported from Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of the facilitating trade policy on the trade performance of different sectors of Bangladesh. The study applies partial equilibrium SMART simulations, which are accessible in WITS, and the general equilibrium CGE model with GTAP as the methodological tools to quantify the impact of China’s preferential trade policy on trade and the overall economy of Bangladesh. The results of partial equilibrium analysis show that the preferential trade policy substantially positively impacts Bangladesh’s exports to the Chinese market. The results also suggest that the change in total trade under China’s new preferential trade policy is around $58.99 million, with a trade creation of $ 52.16 million and a trade diversion effect of US$ 6.83 million. The CGE analysis results show that China’s new trade policy will have little impact on Bangladesh’s real GDP, and the effects of the policy on exports vary across different sectors. However, the overall effects suggest that Bangladesh will earn a net welfare gain due to China’s new duty-free trade policy in Bangladesh. The findings of the study provide crucial policy suggestions on whether China’s latest tariff facilities will substantially impact the trade and economy of Bangladesh as well as provide foundations for analyzing the effects of future bilateral trade agreements.

An Overview of Current Research on Computer-Aided Liver Diagnosis Based on Computed Tomography Employing Deep Learning Methods

Abstract: Compared to traditional X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scanning is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method that yields more precise information about the liver. In contrast to ultrasonography (US) exams, the quality of a CT scan is not heavily operator dependent. Many studies have been conducted with improved outcomes utilizing traditional machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of the liver. Recent developments, particularly in the field of deep learning technology, have made it possible to identify, categorize, and segment patterns in medical images. These developments have also been used to other fields outside of medicine. The ability of deep learning to automatically learn feature representations from data, as opposed to feeding in manually created features based on application, is one of its fundamental capabilities. The fundamentals of deep learning are presented in this paper, along with their achievements in liver segmentation and lesion detection, classification utilizing CT imaging modalities, and discussion of their various network topologies. Another fascinating deep learning strategy that is covered is transfer learning. Thus, deep learning and the CAD system have had a significant influence and improved the performance of the healthcare sector.

Unearthing Financial Wisdom Exploring the Factors Shaping Financial Literacy among Agribusiness Entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe

Unearthing Financial Wisdom Exploring the Factors Shaping Financial Literacy among Agribusiness Entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe

Efektivitas Pajak Karbon: Studi Literatur

Climate change is an issue that is being widely discussed internationally today. The aim of the research is to examine the effectiveness of carbon tax implementation and explain comprehensive results. This research method uses a systematic literature review of research conducted in the last 10 years. The search for the effectiveness of carbon tax as climate change mitigation then synthesizes the results of empirical studies that have been conducted. The researcher found that there are 3 things that should be of concern to the government; economic performance, industrial sector performance and social welfare. Carbon tax certainly has an effect on a country's economy, as carbon tax is basically imposed directly on products or services that cause emissions. many companies are burdened by the carbon tax because it will change the management of the company to use renewable energy. the price of products from the industry will also increase because the carbon tax is imposed directly on products that cause emissions. Welfare should be considered in the implementation of carbon tax by the government, as the policy will certainly have a negative effect on social welfare. The researcher found 3 things that should be the main consideration in planning and implementing the carbon tax policy itself, first is the macroeconomy, the industrial sector that contributes to social and macroeconomic and social welfare.

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE GOLD MINING SECTOR IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENHANCING EFFICIENCY

The article is devoted to the analysis of gold mining sector in the Kyrgyz Republic. Effective management of this sector is extremely important, as gold is one of the key minerals in the country, which makes a significant contribution to the country's economy. Econometric models were used to assess the performance of the gold mining sector. As a result of the analysis, quantitative indicators of the relationship of gold exports on the economy were obtained, and the impact of activities in the Kumtor deposit on the country's economy was studied. Based on the obtained indicators, the analysis and forecast of revenues to the budget of the Kyrgyz Republic were made. Based on the results, recommendations were made to improve the efficiency of the gold mining sector.

Fiscal policy, interest rate and the manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria

In this paper, the influence of fiscal policy (government expenditure and taxation) and interest rate on the manufacturing sector of the Nigerian economy was explored for the period 1981 to 2021. The study utilized the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model approach since some of our variables were integrated at level and others at first difference, and the bounds test reporting the existence of long run relationship in the model. Findings of the study indicated that in the short run, government expenditure and its one-period lag exerted a negative and significant influence on manufacturing sector performance; value added tax exerted a positive and significant effect on manufacturing sector performance while its one-period lag exerted a negative and significant effect; and interest rate exerted a positive and significant effect on manufacturing sector performance. In the long run, government expenditure put forth a negative but insignificant effect on manufacturing sector performance; while value added tax and interest rate exert positive and significant effect. In the disaggregated model, recurrent expenditure exerts a negative and significant effect; capital expenditure exerted a positive and significant effect; value added tax exerted a negative and significant effect; and interest rate put forth a positive and significant influence on manufacturing sector performance. The study recommended that there is need for a reduction in the cost of governance as a huge proportion of public spending is used in running the government other than being utilized in stirring critical sectors that could stir manufacturing sector performance.

Community Participation in the Public Decision Process: Realizing Better Governance in Public Administration

Citizen participation in public decision-making processes has become a key element in efforts to achieve better governance in public administration. This journal article explains the importance of community participation in forming policies and managing public resources. By involving the public in the decision-making process, the government can produce more effective and sustainable policies. Community participation takes various forms, from public consultation to deeper collaboration in policy formation. In the context of public administration, public participation can increase government legitimacy and accountability. This article also describes the challenges and barriers that may arise in enabling effective community participation, including issues related to access, transparency, and lack of community skills or knowledge. In addition, this article highlights the concrete benefits of public participation, such as improving the quality of policies, reducing social conflict, and increasing the efficiency of using public resources. Through case study examples and empirical evidence, this article illustrates how public participation has succeeded in improving government performance in various sectors, including education, health, environment and infrastructure. In conclusion, public participation is an important element in improving governance in public administration. Effective participation allows the government to make policies that are wiser and adapt to the needs of society. By paying attention to existing challenges, the government can create an environment that supports broader public participation, which will ultimately result in better and more responsive government.

Cross-influence of Risk, Return, and Governance on Decision-Making in Hydropower Investments

The sustainable growth of an economy pivots on a robust financial system, particularly in the context of capital availability. This study analyzes the behavior of investors towards initial public offerings (IPOs), focusing on the hydropower development sector in Nepal. The research explores the multifaceted relationship between factors such as risk, return, and governance on investor behavior, considering elements like Idiosyncratic risk (IR), timing of issue (TIPO), Bandwagon effect (BE), expected return (ER), sectoral performance (SP), corporate governance (CG), pre-issue financial health (PFH), and marketability (MKT). Additionally, sociodemographic variables and their connection to investor behavior are examined. Employing a descriptive research design, the study involves a sample size of 392 individuals, selected through a convenient sampling method. The study's main finding documented that idiosyncratic risks, expected returns, and corporate governance stand out as crucial factors influencing investment decisions (P < 0.05). Notably, the regression analysis indicated the absence of a significant impact from market risks (P > 0.05), including the bandwagon effect and IPO timing, on investor behavior towards hydropower IPOs. This finding suggests that Nepalese investors prioritize returns and organizational governance over market risks, despite having significant concerns regarding idiosyncratic risk. The analysis also reveals significant associations between investor behavior and sociodemographic variables like age, education, occupation, and primary investment objectives (P < 0.05). This study offers valuable insights and implications for investors seeking to align investments with their goals. Hydropower developers should prioritize investor protection and transparency, while regulators must enhance disclosures, shareholder accountability, and project oversight.

The Effect of The Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and Inline Inspections On The Acceleration of Agricultural Commodity Exports In The Working Area of The Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center

This research aims to determine the impact of establishing plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection on export acceleration at the Surabaya Plant Quarantine Center. The study employs a quantitative approach and collects data from agricultural export companies operating in regions that implement plant quarantine measures and inline inspection. The analysis method used in this research is the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the relationship between the establishment of plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection and export acceleration. The results of the analysis indicate a significant influence of establishing plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection on export acceleration. Export companies registered with effective Plant Quarantine Facilities and inline inspection demonstrate an improvement in their ability to meet plant quarantine requirements and enhance efficiency in inline inspections. This positively impacts the export process, including reducing delays and increasing the confidence of international trading partners. This research provides a better understanding of the role of plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection in driving ean xport acceleration in the agricultural sector. The practical implications of this study emphasize the importance of enhancing plant quarantine infrastructure and implementing effective inline inspection systems to promote agricultural export growth. Moving forward, efforts should be made to improve coordination among relevant agencies in the implementation and supervision of plant quarantine and inline inspection regulations to achieve optimal outcomes in enhancing the export performance of the agricultural sector.

Unraveling the effects of COVID-19 on the textile industry in South Asia region: a comparative study of major players

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruptions to global industries, with the textile sector in South Asia being particularly hard hit. While previous studies have focused on the performance of textile sectors in individual countries, there is a gap in the literature on the comparative impact of the pandemic on the textile industry in South Asian nations. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the performance of the textile sector in South Asian countries and identifying best practices for overcoming the pandemic’s adverse effects.Design/methodology/approachUsing a comparative approach, this study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of the textile sector in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.FindingsOur findings reveal that COVID-19 significantly negatively impacts the textile industry in Pakistan and India. However, Bangladesh has shown effective practices to support the textile industry and mitigate the pandemic’s adverse effects.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study hold considerable implications for legislators, leaders, investors and supply chain management professionals operating within the South Asian textile sector. This research has the potential to inform policymakers in formulating strategies to facilitate the textile sector’s resilience during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis paper provides significant theoretical additions to the current body of literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the textile sector in South Asia. The research uses the global value chain (GVC) theory as a theoretical framework to enhance understanding of the impact of global supply chains and interdependencies on the textile sector in the region.

Industry 4.0 Technologies in Sustainable Logistics: Possibilities for Application in Transport Companies

Main problem: Nowadays, market competition is becoming increasingly fierce due to diversified customer needs, strict environmental regulations and global competitors. One of the most important factors allowing companies not only to survive, but thrive in today's competitive market is logistics efficiency. This study examines Industry 4.0 technologies as opportunities to improve the economic efficiency, environmental performance and social impact of logistics sectors. However, this technological transformation poses a number of challenges, namely trade-offs between different sustainability metrics, unclear benefits, life-cycle environmental impacts, inequality issues and technology maturity. The research focuses on general sustainability and supply chain issues related to Industry 4.0. However, there is still no systematic analysis aimed at combining sustainable logistics with various Industry 4.0 technologies. Purpose: Conducting a systematic analysis to identify and justify the use of Industry 4.0 technologies for use by transport companies that help shape the sustainable practices of enterprises, but also create the image of a socially responsible company, as well as improve their overall sustainable performance in economic and environmental dimensions. Methods: A systematic literature review aimed to identify, evaluate, interpret and classify all relevant articles addressing one or more research questions and topics. Compared to a descriptive literature study, the results of which mainly focus on the descriptive results of a particular field of knowledge and may suffer from selection bias, a systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. Results and their significance: The analysis shows that transport companies need to focus their attention, also for future development, on the balance between various indicators of sustainability throughout the entire life cycle, human-centered technological transformation, system integration and digital twins, semi-autonomous transport solutions, intelligent reverse logistics and other effective company management tools.

Consumer Behaviour Moderates the Effect of Green and Social Network Marketing and Strategies on Textile Business Performance in Faisalabad, Pakistan

The purpose of the current study is to look into how marketing strategies, social network marketing, and green marketing affect the textile industry's performance in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Examining how consumer behaviour influences the relationships between green marketing, social network marketing, marketing strategies, and the business performance of the textile industry in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This study used quantitative methods, collecting data using self-structured questionnaires and SPSS analysis. The findings demonstrated a positive correlation between marketing strategies, social network marketing, and green marketing and the textile industry's financial success in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The results also showed that the relationship between the business performance of the textile sector in Faisalabad, Pakistan, and social network marketing, green marketing, and marketing strategies was positively regulated by customer behaviour. Future research on this topic will be beneficial, as will the regulatory bodies drafting regulations and implementing business performance-related policies.

Staff training and employee performance: Perspectives of the workplace

Whenever the issue of poor employee performance arises, the question of the provision of staff training takes center stage. Staff training is seen as the principal driving force and central to effective and efficient job performance. The quest to achieve high performance at the workplace has always been derailed by an acute lack of skills. Despite the plethora of studies of staff training and employee performance in different sectors, the literature has not yet explored the relationship between the two variables in the transport sector, particularly in the South African context. However, the relationship between staff training and employee performance has been engulfed in and apprehended by complexities, mistrust, and misunderstandings. It is through this premise that this paper seeks to evaluate the influence of staff training on employee performance in the transport sector. The study adopted an exploratory research design and tapped into a qualitative research approach. Using the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 15 respondents, comprised of skill development representatives of organizations operating in the transport sector in Durban, were interviewed. Unstructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. The key findings revealed that staff training has a positive influence on employee performance in the transport sector. The study plays a pivotal role in extending knowledge in the fields of staff training and employee performance.

Effect of Production Flexibility on Performance of State-Owned Sugar Companies in Western Region, Kenya By IJISRT

The underperformance of the Kenyan sugar sector is a major issue that is affecting the ability of the sector to generate revenues or profits that can be used for supporting economic growth and development. Even though the current sugarcane cover is more than 220,000 ha, productivity has remained low achieving only 55 tonnes/ha. Meanwhile, production costs rose sharply reaching US$1007/tonne in 2018. Strategic flexibility in the form of production flexibility has been proposed as a potential solution to help improve the performance and competitiveness of the sugar sector. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of production flexibility on the performance of state-owned sugar companies in Western Kenya. A cross-sectional interview was conducted on a sample of 63 supervisors from the sugar factors selected (Miwani, Mumias, Nzoia, Sony Sugar, Muhoroni and Chemelil Sugar Companies). The regression analysis depicting the relationship between the strategic performance of these organizations and the production flexibility approaches put in place shows that the relationship was significant, F (9, 53) = 27.076, p = 0.000. In this relationship, there was a strong positive relationship between production flexibility and the strategic performance of the organizations in the market. Therefore, the relationship implied that the amount of responsiveness to potential changes in the market through product design changes and the development of new products and new services was pivotal for the strategic performance and productivity of the factories. The other two factors included in the model namely education and years of experience of the employees did not affect the strategic performance of these factories. From the study, it is recommended that there is need for public sugar companies to adjust production capacity, adopt automation and evolving technologies so as to improve on their performance and be able to remain competitive in the market.

A Study on Risk and Return Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis of Public and Private Sectors Banks: A Five -Year Study (2018-2022)

Risk and returns are like two faces of the same coin, if an investor wants to gain higher returns, he must also accept the fact that this would also increase the amount of risk involved. Most of the times, individual decision process is influenced by risk and return analysis. The study is focused on analysing the performance of those nationalized banks listed in the NSE with respect to return, risk and beta for the period 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. The term risk is a situation in which the possibility of the consequence can be predicted, but uncertainty is the situation where the possibility cannot be predicted. Risk and uncertainty are part and parcel of investment The possibility of risk is a loss for the investors. The methodology adopted includes analysis of the performance of banking sector considering Bank Nifty Index as benchmark. Risk and return of banking stocks as well as Data Envelopment analysis method is used for analysing the efficiency of banks. The entire study is based on secondary data collected from the NSE. The data collected was based on the monthly prices of the bank stocks listed in Bank Nifty. The reason for selecting monthly prices is to measure the shortterm variations in the banking stocks due to various other internal and external factors. The findings of the study revealed that if the investors are ready to take high risk for more returns, the investors are suggested to invest in stocks like Bank of India and Punjab National Bank in which risk and return are high. The investors who prefer low risk and return are suggested to invest in Axis Bank stock.

The analysis of performance due to impact of bullwhip effect in Covid: select Indian sector perspective

Purpose The purpose of the study is to analyze and measure the impact of disruption in demand which causes the bullwhip effect. The bullwhip effect impacts the performance of firm. Just like everything else, covid has had an impact on the disruption of supply chain too leading to the need of measuring the bullwhip effect of select Indian sectors. The comparison on bullwhip effect is drawn in pre- and during covid era in major sectors. The study helps to understand, analyze and measure the impact of covid and its challenges to supply chain. Design/methodology/approach The empirical study is carried out on five major select Indian sectors which have the largest market capitalization in Indian economy, namely, FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods), automobile, utility, consumer durable and IT (information technology). The disruption in the supply chain is measured in terms of bullwhip effect. The novel metric ratio of bullwhip effect is computed which is based on demand–supply mismatch and analyzed based on 10 years of observations. The data is analyzed twice, first from 2011 to 2019 (pre-covid era) and second from 2019 to 2021 (during covid era). Each time, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) sectoral indices are used to compute the bullwhip ratio, and empirical data is collected using Prowess. The firms listed in BSE represent most of the sector. Such panel data helps us to analyze inter- and intraindustry bullwhip effect. The changes in the bullwhip effect for various BSE listed firms are analyzed pre- and during covid era. These changes are specifically studied at the manufacturer end of the supply chain. Later regression analysis is performed to study the changes required in production based on the demand. The various strategies that cause or mitigate the impact of covid in intraindustry can be derived from the study. The disruption in production is analyzed based on the disruption in demand and profit before interest and tax (PBIT). Findings In pre-covid era, the percentage of demand disruption was low in select sectors but not exactly zero. Covid caused the disruptions in supply chain across the globe which resulted in bullwhip effect in Indian sectors too. Yet some of the sectors were able to cope better with the situation as compared to others. In the present study, same is analyzed statistically, and results are derived for practical significance. Research limitations/implications The empirical data is having the observations of past 10 years to analyze the pattern of demand disruption in the firms and hence the sectors. The impact of covid is studied on performance, which is analyzed in terms of PBIT. The impact of other factors (political, social, marketing policies, etc.) that may cause disruption in the supply chain of a firm is not considered in the study. Originality/value Study is unique, as it measures disruption and provides a peerless way to study the inter- and intrasectors. To analyze the impact of bullwhip effect on sector performance, it is very much required to first measure the bullwhip; this measure of bullwhip as a ratio of the slopes of demand and supply is a novel approach. The study emphasizes that the impact of covid is not the same among the firms, and hence among the sectors. Also, it is found that the impact of such adversities can be mitigated, and performance of firm can remain intact in turbulent times too.

Performance of gender diversity on board of directors: The case of Indonesia

This study further explores women’s role in top management in Indonesia, where men still dominate that position. This study underlines the role of women’s boards of commissioners in producing better financial performance in the specific sectors, manufacturing and service sectors, where the power of women to lead these sectors is more optimal. The sample is selected from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2009–2018. The final sample is 780 observations. This study applies panel data, which is more robust when controlling heterogeneity. Data panel regression is applied to analyze data. This study finds that gender diversity harms market-based performance, while from accounting-based measures, gender diversity has a significant positive effect. This study is applied explicitly in the manufacturing and services industrial sectors; therefore, carefully generalizing the results is necessary. Research in other specific sectors is very open to obtaining specific results in various industries, including developing countries other than Indonesia. The market has not trusted the role of women in top management; there is still a kind of ‘hidden distrust’ about the capabilities of women in running the top leadership captain. The market needs more substantial evidence to believe in women’s performance on the board of directors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide wider opportunities for women to sit on the board of commissioners, as much as men have.

Board gender diversity and bank performance in Jordan

Board diversity is crucial for corporate governance and improves corporate outcomes by aligning management with stakeholders’ interests. Compared to advanced environments, Jordan’s decent sociocultural backdrop exhibits a higher level of gender bias. This study investigates the influence of board gender diversity (BGD) on Jordanian banking sector performance, an under-explored area. This quantitative paper employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), random, and fixed-effect approaches to analyze 182 bank-year observations for balanced longitudinal data analysis. These approaches correctly establish the BGD-Tobin’s Q nexus during 2010–2022. The coefficient of determination was 70.57%. The model confirms a positive correlation between BGD and market-based performance indicators. Findings support agency and resource dependency hypotheses, showing BGD’s role in decision-making. Hence, a one-unit increase in BGD causes a 37.2-cent increase in Tobin’s Q measure. Moreover, a one-unit change in board independence, board meetings, size, women’s representation in top management, and capital adequacy ratio, assuming all other factors remain constant, results in Tobin-Q changes of 2.57 cents, 32.8 cents, 5.78 cents, 51.2 cents, 30.55 cents, and 22.86 cents, respectively, and the same direction. The results show how BGD enhances bank performance and contributes to relevant theories. The results are vigorous in a variety of identification and estimation methodologies.

Impact assessment of the introduction of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on financial performance of small and medium enterprise sector of the Russian Federation

The deterioration of the economic situation in the country is certainly reflected in the financial performance of small and medium enterprise sector (hereinafter referred to as SME sector). The article attempts to study the degree of impact of forced urgent measures introduced by state authorities to contain the spread of coronavirus infection on financial performance of the sector. The authors conducted an overview study of scientific publications written by leading professional analysts on the problems of the economic situation in the Russian entrepreneurial segment, as well as on the relevance and effectiveness of government measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises. The assessment of changes in the final performance indicators of each of the three SME sector elements (micro, small and medium enterprises) over the past three years is given. When studying the dynamics of the components of the balanced financial result, horizontal analysis was used, alongside with the method of absolute differences, calculation of growth rates, and index method. The made analysis revealed a sharp deterioration in financial performance during the most severe quarantine restrictions in 2020 and an improvement in the economic situation after their partial abolition in 2021. It was noted that the risk of mass bankruptcy of enterprises in the SME sector was compensated by large-scale state support. It was determined that the protective restrictions imposed to localise the epidemic have aggravated the existing problems of small and medium-sized businesses. The article shows that the main risks of the studied segment will persist in the near future. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the tools of state regulation of SME sector development with consideration to the accumulated experience of anti-crisis management.

How to improve the energy-saving performance of China's transport sector? An input–output perspective

The transport sector proves a major energy consumer in China, but improving energy-saving performance in China's provincial transport sector from the lifecycle perspective remains unresolved. Thus, this study employs the environmentally extended multi-region input–output (MRIO) method, structural path analysis, and the newest MRIO table of China from 2017, to investigate how to improve the energy-saving performance from final demand structure, supply chain, and pathway perspectives. The relevant results are threefold. (1) Regarding the final demand structure level, the embodied energy consumption of China's transport sector is predominantly driven by investment from the production side, while that of the consumption side is primarily caused by exports. (2) At the supply chain level, production-side embodied energy consumption primarily occurs along a three-echelon supply chain, while that from the consumption side mostly occurs via a two-echelon supply chain. (3) At the pathway level, the production-side energy-saving performance of China's provincial transport sector is dominated by two pathways along the construction sector, including transport sector → construction sector → final demands, and transport sector → intermediate inputs → construction sector → final demands, while that of the consumption side is chiefly determined by three pathways along internal transportation chains.