The establishment of a solid and well-organized hospital network represents a key step toward achieving universal health coverage and effectively addressing local health needs in transition countries of the Balkan region. In this context, the Albanian government enacted Law No. 55/2022, which introduced the reform of national hospital network with the aim of decentralizing and redistributing complex medical care from the capital city, Tirana, to peripheral areas and to promoting hospital autonomy. This study aimed to assess the impact of National Hospital Plan for autonomy in terms of healthcare service performance's improvement. A case study methodology was adopted, as the regional Memorial hospital in Fier. This hospital represented the first regional hospital already implemented in Albania that satisfied all criteria stipulated in the National Hospital Plan to achieve hospital autonomy. Higher volume of activity, better indices of resources management, and greater attractiveness of regional Memorial hospital from the South region of the country demonstrated the effectiveness of adopted managerial strategies, highlighting their positive impact on hospital's performance. This approach could be replicated within all the other Albanian regional hospitals involved by the reform contributing as well as in the other regional and university hospitals nationwide to improve widely the performance of the Albanian healthcare system. This reformative approach may also be of example to similar healthcare systems in the Balkan region and other low- and middle-income countries that have to manage the same issues, especially in terms of access to and performance of healthcare services.

• Theoretical Design and simulation of a solar-powered dual-stage SEPIC-Buck converters for DC drive applications using advanced AI-based MPPT and control algorithms. • Hardware implementation of AI algorithms optimised dual-stage SEPIC-Buck converters using VHDL-code in FPGA platform for real-time control and monitoring. • Analysis of transient and steady state performance metrics of the proposed SEPIC-Buck converters with real world challenges. • Load regulation analysis of the proposed SEPIC-Buck converters for 12 V and 8.33 A output from a 100 W solar panel. Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter (SEPIC) topology, combined with optimization algorithms, plays a crucial role in renewable energy systems due to its ability to perform both step-up and step-down DC voltage conversion with smooth input current ideal for solar energy maximum power tracking. This study introduces a dual-stage SEPIC-Buck converter to optimize solar power extraction and regulate output voltage for a DC motor load. Traditional microcontroller-based control methods offer voltage regulation but struggle with transient response. To overcome this, the proposed system employs Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for faster feedback and enhanced dynamic performance. The SEPIC stage integrates Perturb and Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Artificial Neural Network Gauss-Seidel (ANN-GS) algorithms for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The buck converter stage uses Dragonfly Algorithm (DF), Fuzzy Logic (FL), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control to maintain a stable 12 V output for the DC Drive. Control logic was developed and simulated prior to hardware implementation. Experimental results validated the system’s efficiency, optimization algorithms extracted up to 94.32 W from the 100 Watts solar panel, while control strategies ensured consistent 12 V output. The converter system, using ANN-FLC algorithms, achieved a DC link voltage of 21.5 V and delivered 94.32 W output power (≈ 94% efficiency) to the DC drive. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of intelligent control techniques in improving solar-powered converter performance, offering promising applications in industrial and automotive sectors.

In an era of globalization that threatens the loss of local cultural identities, this study explores Ketoprak as a traditional Javanese dramatic art in Pati and Rembang, positioning it as a form of ethno-pedagogy that conveys character education through moral narratives and improvisational performance, with an urgent need for preservation due to the degradation of its practices. The main purpose is to reveal the local wisdom embedded in Ketoprak performances by addressing questions related to the representation of Javanese moral values, the challenges of safeguarding the tradition, and its potential use as learning material. Using a qualitative ethnographic design, the research employed participatory observation in two groups (Cahyo Mudo and Wahyu Manggolo) in October 2025, semi-structured interviews with ten informants, and thematic analysis. The findings show that Ketoprak serves as a medium of social cohesion through elements such as ontowencono, humorous dialogues, and messages of karma, while facing the challenge of declining interest among younger generations, which is addressed through adaptive strategies such as modern staging and community-based revitalization. These efforts contribute to the integration of traditional arts into formal education in the form of the results of the reconstruction of scientific knowledge of ketoprak for science learning (physics concepts: force and motion).

This study aims to examine how job training, work motivation, and job satisfaction contribute to employee performance at PT Astra Internasional TBK Auto 2000 Waru. Because the focus is on sales and customer service, it is very important for the company to pay attention to employee performance and what factors support performance improvement for employee performance. The level of product sales quantity is a serious concern for employees, especially at the company. To 52 respondents who work at the Auto 2000 Waru company, a questionnaire with a Likert scale weight of 1-5 was given as a quantitative approach and respondent survey in this study. In analyzing and processing the data obtained, the Smart PLS application was used. The findings show that job training, work motivation, and job satisfaction contribute positively and significantly to improving employee performance. This finding indicates that these variables play a crucial role in increasing employee productivity contributions in the company environment.

As a synthesis of real-time choices, awareness of style and expressiveness, musical improvisation is a complicated creative process. Implementing a conventional generative music system that uses supervised learning will tend to favor the approach that is only adaptive and exploratory of the approach used in improvisational performance. The paper explores how reinforcement learning (RL) can be applied to musical improvisation and presents the task as a sequence decision-making problem where an intelligent agent is trained to produce musically coherent and musical sequences by being exposed to an evaluative environment. The structure of music is represented as a Markov decision process with the states representing melodic intervals, harmonic context and rhythmic patterns, and actions representing the choice of notes, continuity of phrases and strategies of ornamentation. One of the main works offered by this work is the design of multi-objective reward functions which balance tonal and temporal coherence, stylistic and creative novelty. The offered framework of RL-based improvisation is a combination of feature extraction, a learning agent, evaluative feedback modules, and a symbolic output generator. The training is performed with datasets based on professional improvisation recording, with auxiliary rule-based musical constraints, aesthetical feedback by the listener in addition to model based evaluators. Q-learning, Deep Q-Networks, Proximal Policy Optimization and hybrid RL-deep learning models are used to make comparative experiments.

This essay examines the subjective perception of time during the performance of long musical forms from the perspective of the performer. The starting point is the composition "Haltezeit", which works specifically with the stretching of time. Two improvisational performances without an audience will be used to explore how the perception of time changes in the course of performances lasting several hours and how this influences improvisational behavior. Practical experience is combined with concepts from the fields of philosophy, performance studies and musical improvisation research. The artistic experiments show that physical states such as tiredness or tension as well as external disturbances significantly influence the subjective perception of duration. While inner restlessness led to an extended experience of time and more frequent improvisational interventions, calmness and concentration favored a condensed, meditative experience of time with less frequent changes.Artistic practice thus becomes an experiential space for a qualitative perception of time beyond measurable structures. The essay sees itself as an open research gesture that invites us to perceive time more consciously as a flowing continuum in a performative context. keywords: long durational composition, artistic time research, subjective perception of time, attention

This article analyzes the technical methods of improvisation (badiha) in maqom performance. Based on scholarly sources, the concept of improvisation, its place in maqom practice, and traditional and modern approaches are explored. In particular, it examines how performers use melodic ornamentation, voice registers (high/jo‘r levels), and rhythmic and structural techniques to create musical richness and freedom of expression. The article also discusses the traditional “master-pupil” school and the individualization of interpretation.

In heterogeneous frequency demand cellular networks, the frequency demand varies across the cells involved, in contrast to the homogeneous scenario, where the demand is the same.This paper reports the deployment of hybridized evolutionary algorithm and artificial neural network for optimum frequency allocation in heterogeneous frequency requisition mobile networks to ensure interference control. Frequency sharing and reuse among cells, due to scarcity, are fundamental in a communication network for optimum frequency utilization.Primarily, efficient frequency sharing allows cells of adequate reuse distance the utilization of the same channels, with minimized inter-cell interference. The degree of freedom from interference and efficient frequency allocation mechanism dictate the grade of service (GoS) of a communication network.A real-time frequency allocation is defined by some degree of randomness. Thus, frequency allotment problem is mostly expressed as a constrained optimization formulation. The optimal allocations are achieved at points of minimum cost metric.In this paper, the frequency allotment issue is expressed as a two-objective optimization challenge, using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) data acquired via Drive Test as input parameters. NSGA-II, an evolutionary algorithm, was first deployed on the formulated problem, then in combination with SOM, an artificial neural network technique.The hybrid algorithm was implemented in MATLAB for a heterogeneous frequency demand scenario. The results obtained from the hybrid technique show performance improvements of between 6% and 28% in terms of fitness indices for interference cost function, and between 3% and 65% for demand infringement cost function.The algorithm could be embedded in the operating system of Base Station Controllers for enhanced real-time optimal allocation of network resources.

This paper introduces music performance as an innovative form of communication that extends beyond verbal and textual language, positioning it as a valuable pedagogical tool in education. While conventional teaching methods often prioritise spoken and written expression, music offers a non-verbal system of semiosis through rhythm, phrasing and dynamics. By drawing parallels between musical and linguistic structures, this paper proposes music as language, embodied in a framework for enhancing creativity, empathy and intercultural understanding. The key innovation lies in reframing performance as a communicative practice that develops learner sensitivity to nuance and their capacity for non-verbal literacy. This approach highlights how improvisation and interactive choices in piano and jazz guitar performance are presented as models for reflective and adaptive learning. The contribution to education is twofold: First, it broadens the concept of language to include artistic and embodied forms; second, it offers educators a strategy for cultivating more inclusive or culturally responsive classrooms. By positioning performance as “language beyond words”, the paper underscores its potential to transform communication, enrich interdisciplinary learning and advance education innovation in globalised learning environments.

PT Lobara Duta Anugrah Surabaya plays a key role in implementing industrial revolution and transfor-mation strategies. As a pioneer in human resource services in Surabaya, the company provides recruit-ment, training, and HR consulting.This study aims to analyze and describe the influence of employee de-velopment and work motivation on employee performance at PT Lobara Duta Anugrah Surabaya. Specif-ically, it seeks to determine: (1) the simultaneous effect of employee development and motivation on per-formance, (2) the partial (individual) effect of each variable, and (3) which variable has the most domi-nant influence.The research uses multiple linear regression analysis to examine how employee develop-ment and work motivation affect employee performance, both simultaneously and partially. Data were processed using SPSS version 31.00, and hypothesis testing was conducted through statistical tests and classical assumption tests. The results show that both employee development and work motivation signifi-cantly affect employee performance, both jointly and individually. Among the two variables, employee development has the most dominant influence, with a partial contribution of 40.6% to performance im-provement

This paper explores bilingual peer interaction during classroom activity transitions —defined as unstructured temporal and spatial configurations between scheduled lessons or other activities. Drawing on audiovisual recordings from a first-grade (Grade 1) “English-only” classroom in Japan, the study employs multimodal conversation analysis (CA) to examine how children mobilize two languages (Japanese and English) along with a range of multimodal resources to engage in (i) improvised performances and (ii) imaginary play with objects. The analysis shows that these transitional moments serve as a vehicle through which children perform heteroglossia and create a “translanguaging space.” In doing so, they display their bilingual competence, challenge the “English-only” language policy, reproduce and transform the classroom’s moral order, and socialize peers—thereby constituting the bilingual peer group. Data are in Japanese and English.

Statement of the problem. In recent years, the range of scientific explorations of jazz art has expanded considerably. However, the phenomenon of programmaticity within the sphere of jazz improvisational performance has not yet received proper scholarly elaboration (at least, our attempts to locate studies with such an analytical vector have, unfortunately, yielded no expected results). Objectives, methods and novelty of the research. Since the present article constitutes the first part of a trilogy devoted precisely to the exploration of these issues, its primary objective is to summarize and conceptualize the key components of the multifaceted scientific understanding of the notion of “musical programmaticity”. The methodological basis of the research comprises a set of scientific approaches, where the main analytical tools are historiographic, systemic-functional, and musical-semantic methods. The novelty of this study are determined by the fact that, for the first time, the analytical conceptualization of the fundamental theoretical positions and hypotheses (formed throughout the historical evolution of the theory of musical programmaticity) has been systematized for subsequent application to the analysis of jazz improvisational creativity. Research results and conclusion. The research has led to several axiomatic conclusions:1) programmatic music represents a kind of manifesto of the emancipation and self-sufficiency of instrumental creativity; 2) the programmatic conception is determined by the influence of extramusical factors; 3) the originality of a creative programmatic intention is realized through techniques of symbolizing the artistic-imagery meaning within the intonational text of a musical works; 4) the engagement of semiotic methodology has contributed to expanding the understanding of programmaticity as an informational message, however, the linguo-semiotic method has not become an all-encompassing (or all explanatory) tool for comprehending the complex, multilevel phenomenon of musical programmaticity; 5) it is precisely a comprehensive, multivectoral approach – grounded in a broad spectrum of diverse scientific strategies – that appears to be the most effective in studying the phenomenon of musical programmaticity. Based on the analysis of the development of scientific theory, which is aimed at studying the phenomenon of "musical programmaticity," it becomes possible to formulate a strategy for research in subsequent articles on the functioning of programmaticity in jazz creativity.

With the in-depth advancement of quality-oriented education, the role of dance teaching in fostering students’ comprehensive qualities has become increasingly prominent. Based on Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences, this study focuses on exploring the collaborative cultivation mechanism of dance teaching on students’ kinesthetic intelligence and emotional cognitive abilities. By combining literature analysis with teaching practice, it systematically sorts out the inherent connection between dance movement training and emotional experience, and reveals the promoting effect of physical movement expression on psychological development such as emotional perception and self-cognition. The study constructs a three-dimensional teaching model including body perception training, emotion-guided teaching, and creative choreography practice, emphasizing the stimulation of students’ physical expression potential through situational creation and improvisational performance. Practice shows that this teaching model can effectively improve students’ physical coordination, sense of rhythm, and emotional expression ability, while also playing a positive role in cultivating students’ sense of teamwork and aesthetic literacy. The research provides a theoretical basis for innovating art education methods and has practical significance for promoting the all-round development of students. In the future, further exploration can be made on differentiated cultivation strategies for students of different age groups.

This study explores the fine-tuning application of the Qwen2.5-VL multi modal large model in the electrical domain. The electrical industry faces numerous challenges in maintaining and managing complex electrical systems. Traditional methods often rely on manual inspection and analysis. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, there is a growing need to explore how these tools can be applied to improve efficiency and accuracy in the electrical domain. Qwen2.5-VL is a state-of-the-art visual language model. We adopted the LoRA (Low Rank Adaptive) method to fine tune the model, which enables efficient parameter updates in low resource environments while maintaining high performance. This study analyzes the data characteristics and task requirements in the electrical domain, designs fine-tuning strategies with a focus on image-based applications, including data preprocessing, model fine-tuning, and training parameter optimization. The experimental re-sults show that the fine tuned model has achieved significant performance im-provements in tasks such as electrical equipment fault detection, image recogni-tion, and text classification. This study provides new ideas and methods for the application of artificial intelligence in the electrical domain, which is of great significance for promoting the development of electrical intelligence.

ABSTRACT This essay provides a conceptual framework for interpreting Toshi Makihara’s chaotic self-portraiture and the precarious nature of free improvisational performance in Makihara’s Becoming the Sound exhibited at the Vox Populi in Philadelphia. The digital self-documentation of free improvisation is placed against the international backdrop of COVID-induced isolation and employment volatility. The essay calls for a continued rigorous and nuanced examination of the relationship between international performance art and documentarian digital media.

In-hospital cardiac arrest is a critical event, and while cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the primary intervention, human factors significantly influence its quality. Traditional quantitative studies often fail to capture the impact of resuscitation team members' operational and emotional experiences. To address this gap, this qualitative study uses a pragmatist approach to explore the factors that improve the performance of resuscitation team members in emergency departments. A qualitative content analysis was conducted in Western Iran from January /2024 to July /2024, to explore factors improving the performance of resuscitation team members. Participants included 25 nurses and physicians from in-hospital resuscitation teams, selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Graneheim and Lundman's systematic approach was employed to analyze the data and uncover latent and manifest content. The mean age of participants was 34 years (range 24-51 years), and most held a bachelor's degree in nursing (48%). The collected data were categorized into a theme titled " latent enhancers " and three main categories with ten subcategories. These categories and subcategories included Perceived beliefs influencing resuscitation (Positive spiritual feedback, mental simulation, and compassion), organizational catalysts (effective leadership, responsive physical space, fertility of motivation, and fruitful education), and psychological improvers (euphoria, pride in competence, and Hope in the shadow of a surprising successful resuscitation). Rescuers' positive beliefs, effective organizational factors, and Psychological improvers were themes extracted from the experiences of rescuers in our study. Holding psychoanalysis sessions with the to create a positive attitude in rescuers towards the outcomes of resuscitation, as well as empowering resuscitation leaders through training leadership skills, considering organizational incentives for resuscitation team members, suitable physical space, and the use of operational training will be an effective and helpful measure in this regard. Not applicable.

Site-specific dance choreography develops as a direct reaction to a specific location’s unique physical, architectural, and cultural characteristics. Improvisation is significant in this context for enhancing the dancer’s bodily awareness of space. Previous studies have recognized the relationship between dancer and site; however, the role of improvisation in expressing the unique spatial characteristics of a performance site has not been adequately explored. This study investigates the role of improvisational techniques in enabling dancers to adapt, respond, and establish stronger connections with site-specific elements, including structural, environmental, historical, and emotional aspects. This research utilizes a qualitative methodology, incorporating descriptive analysis and in-depth interviews with five experienced, site-specific dance practitioners in Malaysia. The findings identify four key stages in which improvisation enhances spatial embodiment, clarifying the relationship between choreographers and performers with space as a dynamic and interactive element of their practice. This work contributes to the ongoing discussion on site-specific choreography by illustrating the evolving role of improvisation in enhancing the relationships between performers and their environments.

Surface Plasmon sensor is commonly used in chemistry, biologic, and environments nursing. This type of sensor display strange sympathy depends on surfaces Plasmon resonance (SPRs) or localize surfaces Plasmon resonance (LSPRs) effect, which have a commercial application. In this review, we present current progressing in the fields of surfaces plasmatic sensor, principally in the configuration of planar Meta structure and optical-fiber waveguide. In the Meta structures platforms, the optical sensor depend on LSPRs, hyperbolic dispersions, Fanon resonance, and two-dimension (2Ds) material integrations are presented. The optical-fiber sensor integration with LSPRs/SPRs structure and 2D material are summarizing. In addition, we introduced the current advance in quantum plasmatic sensors beyond the classic shot noisy limitation. The challenge and opportunity in this arena is deliberated. The LSPRs biosensor, enabling Nano scale limitation and manipulations of lights, compromise the enhance sensitivity and electromagnetics energies localizations. The combination of LSPRs and fibers-optics techniques is managed to progress the sensors compacts to reduction and remotes recognizing. These comprehensive reviews explore numerous sensors configuration, fibers categories, and geometric outlines, highlight their benefit in term of sensitivities, integrations, and performances improvements. The fabrication technique effort on non-chemical bond strategy and self-assemble of nanoparticle discusses and provide controlling over nanostructures morphologies and enhanced the sensors performances. Bio-application of fiber-optics LSPRs (FOLSPRs) sensor is comprehensive, definitely in bio-molecular interaction and analyze of protein, pathogen and cell, nucleic acid (DNAs and RNAs). Surfaces modifications and recognition structures are emphasizing for their probable in label-free and real-times bio senses. The challenge and prospect of FOLSPRs sensor is addresses, with the development in sensitivities, fabrications technology, and measurements reliabilities. Integrations with developing technology like Nano-material is highlight as a capable directions for upcoming researches. These reviews provide insight into the advancement and possible application of FOLSPRs sensor, pavement the technique for sensitive and adaptable optical bio-sense platform in several arenas. e

The article examines the conditions and content of the training of a future musical art teacher majoring in the specialty 014.13 Secondary education (Art. Musical art) to work with authentic folk vocal and choral ensembles, and substantiates its relevance. It is noted that it is provided by students studying the mandatory and optional educational components of the educational and professional program “Secondary Education (Art. Musical Art)”: “Choir Conducting,” “Conducting with a Practical Work with a Choir,” “Voice Production,” “Choir Class,” “Choir Studies and Methods of Working with a Choir,” “Theory and Methods of Working with Folk Vocal and Choral Groups,” “Methods of Working with Vocal Artistic and Creative Groups,” etc. The purpose, content component, learning outcomes, main forms of work and control from the course “Theory and Methods of Working with Folk Vocal and Choral Ensembles” have been determined. Attention is focused on the characteristic features of Ukrainian folk song performance (conditionality of regional traditions of household choral singing, special nature of sound production, undisguised sound, expressive register sound of voices, a small range, improvisational performance, subvocal polyphonic singing as the basis of choral polyphony, the presence of lead singers who create subvocals against the background of the choral sound, the combination of singing with elements of choreography and pantomime, the diversity of the collective composition). The principles of ensemble composition, classification of folk voices, functions of singers and lead singers in the performance of subvocal-polyphonic musical material, techniques of improvisation, singing a song for voices, some important methodical aspects of vocal and choral work are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the repertoire for determining the creative direction and performance style of the choir. The decisive role of the manager in the organization and successful activity of the amateur folk group is emphasized, and their main tasks and functions are considered.

William S. Burroughs's concept of control acts as a key influence on Gilles Deleuze's control society, a contemporary power arrangement in which conduct is manipulated through direct, non-localised modulations. Deleuze says resisting control society requires finding new weapons against it. This task of armament is epitomised in the artistry of non-binary musician, occultist and multimedia artist Genesis Breyer P-Orridge. Also influenced by Burroughs, and having personal ties to the author, P-Orridge devoted h/er 50-plus years of creative output to projects aimed at control's short-circuiting. Among P-Orridge's most prominent projects was Psychic TV (PTV), a sonic outfit that incorporated performance art, improvisation and ecstatic rituals across an eclectic range of music genres to attack sites of control. PTV also inspired and networked with P-Orridge's political art collective and magick organisation ‘Thee Temple ov Psychic Youth’ (TOPY). PTV's principal weapon for undermining control was the musical sigil, aural vacuoles of non-communication created from ritualised desire designed to be deployed into the world as affective agents. Working through the Deleuzian philosophical framework of concept creation, this article draws inspiration from the weaponised artistry of PTV to formulate two novel concepts of the musical sigil: the ‘virus sigil’ and the ‘key sigil’. Two corresponding tracks serve as focal points for illustrating each concept's short-circuit tactics. Virus sigils, exemplified by the track ‘Roman P.’ as used in a television advertisement, act a contaminating agents that short-circuit control directly. They infiltrate control-serving media to disrupt its transmissions of socially conditioning information from within. Key sigils, exemplified by ‘Message From The Temple’, act as a recruitment agent that short-circuit control indirectly. Functioning themselves like an advertisement for TOPY, this type of sigil disseminates counter-information that proliferates TOPY as a nomadic war machine, opening passages therethrough to becomings of an alternative space-time deterritorialised from control's manipulations.