Percutaneous Thrombus Aspiration Research Articles

Analysis of the therapeutic effect of aspiration thrombectomy for early carotid stent thrombosis

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of thrombus aspiration in patients with early intrastent thrombosis (EST) following carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: This study is a retrospective case series, collecting clinical data of five patients who developed EST after CAS in the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to September 2023.All patients were male, with an age of (64.0±11.9) years (range:48 to 77 years), accounting for 2.0% (5/244) of CAS procedures during the same period.Among them, three patients did not receive standard dual antiplatelet therapy before the procedure, and one had an inadequate ADP inhibition rate (45.6%).Four patients received XACT carotid stents, while one received a Wallstent carotid stent.All five patients showed significant residual stenosis ranging from 43% to 55% after CAS.Emergency thrombus aspiration was performed in all cases, and data regarding perioperative conditions, vascular patency, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: The interval between CAS and the occurrence of EST ranged from 3 hours to 14 days.The main clinical symptoms included sudden onset of consciousness disorders and contralateral limb weakness.None of the patients received preoperative intravenous thrombolysis, and thrombus aspiration was performed during the procedure to restore vascular patency.Four cases underwent balloon angioplasty during the procedure, and two cases utilized overlapping stents.Two patients experienced intraoperative embolization of thrombus to the C2 segment.In one case, the embolized thrombus was retrieved using an intracranial thrombectomy stent, while in another case, it was aspirated using a guiding catheter.Postoperatively, all patients had a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade of 3, and symptoms improved in four cases.One patient showed no improvement in symptoms, and MRI revealed extensive new infarction in the right frontal and insular regions, adjacent to the right lateral ventricle.Regular follow-up examinations after discharge did not reveal restenosis or embolism within the stent.The follow-up period ranged from 7.6 to 21.2 months, with modified Rankin scale scores of 0 to 1 point in four cases and 2 points in one case, indicating good recovery in all patients. Conclusions: Acute intrastent thrombosis is a rare complication after carotid artery stenting.The combined use of percutaneous thrombus aspiration and endovascular techniques, such as balloon angioplasty and stent overlapping, can rapidly restore vessel patency with favorable outcomes.However, further large-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these treatments for acute intrastent thrombosis.

Percutaneous Removal of an Old Calcified Free-Floating Harmful Thrombus in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Embolism and at Risk for Surgical Treatment

We present a case of a 53-year-old male patient with recurrent pulmonary embolism due to a free-floating right atrial thrombus formation. While thrombolysis was contraindicated due to previous intracranial hemorrhage, and the patient was at high risk for surgical thrombectomy, interventional removal using a percutaneous thrombus aspiration system (AngioVasc) was considered. Despite it’s calcified, free- floating and vulnerable nature, the thrombus aspiration could be carried out safely and the patient feels well. This case highlights the complexities associated with managing high-risk patients with recurrent embolism and the importance of considering modern interventional approaches in cardiac thrombus removal discussions.

Severe Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by acute intra-abdominal multiple arterial thrombosis and bacterial embolism: A case report

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a clinically common Gram-negative bacillus that can cause community- and hospital-acquired infections and lead to pneumonia, liver abscesses, bloodstream infections, and other infectious diseases; however, severe pneumonia caused by hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) complicated by acute intra-abdominal multiple arterial thrombosis and bacterial embolism is rarely seen in the clinical setting and has not been reported in the literature. A 51-year-old man was hospitalized with fever and dyspnea. Persistent mild pain in the middle and upper abdomen began at dawn on the 3rd day following admission and developed into persistent severe pain in the left upper abdomen 8 h later. Based on chest computed tomography (CT), bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing, abdominal aortic CT angiography (CTA), and culture of the superior mesenteric artery embolus, adult community-acquired severe hvKp pneumonia complicated by acute intra-abdominal multiple arterial thrombosis and bacterial embolism was diagnosed. Notably, he recovered and was discharged from the hospital after receiving effective meropenem anti-infection, endovascular contact thrombolytic, and systemic anticoagulant therapies and undergoing percutaneous thrombus aspiration. Ten days later, the patient returned to the hospital for abdominal CTA examination, which indicated blocked initial common pathway of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, and local stenosis. Therefore, celiac trunk artery stenting was performed in Chongqing Hospital, and postoperative recovery was good. We report a case of hvKp severe pneumonia complicated by acute intra-abdominal multiple arterial thrombosis and bacterial embolism and suggest that clinicians should consider the possibility of a Gram-negative bacillus infection and conduct effective pathogen detection in a timely fashion when managing patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia before obtaining bacteriologic and drug sensitivity results. At the same time, when patients have severe pulmonary infection complicated by severe abdominal pain, an acute mesenteric artery embolism should be considered to avoid delays in treatment.

Interventional treatment of pulmonary embolism - where do we currently stand?

Acute pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality in the world. The sudden pressure overload of the right ventricle, caused by the thrombotic masses in the pulmonary artery, may quickly progress to profound cardiogenic shock. That results in a mortality rate of more than 50% in patients with a massive form of pulmonary embolism. In such cases, systemic fibrinolysis is warranted, which leads to rapid improvement of the right ventricular function and hemodynamic stabilization. The thrombolytic effect of systemic fibrinolysis is, unfortunately, accompanied by an almost 5 times increased risk of bleeding, especially intracranial one. Therefore, in most cases, for patients with uncompromised hemodynamics, only anticoagulation treatment is offered. Interventional treatment of acute pulmonary embolism consists of the usage of very low-dose fibrinolytic devices or percutaneous thrombus aspiration devices. The goal is to provide rapid removal of the thrombotic masses from the pulmonary artery circulation while keeping the hemorrhagic risk at a minimum. This paper will try to provide a concise review of the most widely used and available devices, together with the latest clinical data, supporting their use. Also, the future perspectives in the field of endovascular treatment of acute pulmonary embolism will be presented.

Left ventricular assist device as destination therapy in cardiac end-stage dystrophinopathies: Midterm results

ObjectiveWe report our experience with the use of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as destination therapy (DT) for the management of patients with cardiac end-stage dystrophinopathies. MethodsFrom February 2011 to February 2016, 7 patients with dystrophinopathies and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were treated with LVADs at our institution. Median age at surgery was 16.5 years (range, 14.2-23.4 years). All patients were preoperatively evaluated by a multidisciplinary team approach. ResultsAll patients survived to hospital discharge. The early postoperative course was characterized by abdominal bleeding (1 patient) and retropharyngeal bleeding (1 patient). Because of abdominal or retropharyngeal bleeding, both required postoperative heparin infusion discontinuation for 35 and 33 days, respectively. Among the late complications, 1 child developed osteolysis and infection at the pedestal site of the device, which required surgical displacement; 1 patient required gastrostomy as a result of poor feeding, and another had a cerebral stroke, which was treated with percutaneous thrombus aspiration. The other 2 patients did not show early or late complications. At a median follow-up time of 21.7 months (range, 3-45 months) there have been 3 deaths: 1 patient died of a lung infection after 45 months, 1 died of tracheal bleeding after 29 months, and 1 died of cerebral hemorrhage after 14 months. ConclusionsOur experience indicates that the use of an LVAD as DT in patients with dystrophinopathies with end-stage DCM is feasible, suggesting that it may be suitable as a palliative therapy for the treatment of these patients with no other therapeutic options.

Primary Percutaneous Thrombus Aspiration Alone as Definitive Intervention for Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion Presenting as Acute Anterior Wall ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Primary angioplasty and stenting remains the standard of care for patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Recently, thrombus aspiration has been shown to improve the myocardial perfusion and outcomes in STEMI. In a subset of patients thrombus aspiration may result in optimal perfusion and minimal residual stenosis. These patients may be managed without additional stenting. Three patients with anterior wall STEMI were successfully managed with thrombus aspiration alone without additional stenting. All three are doing well at 30 day follow up with significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction.

Sequential coronary angiograms unveil the progression of an acquired coronary aneurysm

Few reports are available regarding the natural history of coronary aneurysms. The consensus is that they may enlarge overtime and eventually rupture. The possibility of a catastrophic evolution supports invasive management, but this is mostly based on autoptical reports. We present the case of a 56-year-old male, smoker and affected by hypertension. He was admitted for an anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in three-vessel disease. Thrombotic occlusion of proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) was apparent (Supplementary material online, Video S1 ). Successful percutaneous thrombus aspiration and bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation (3.5 × 23 mm) was performed (Supplementary material online, Video S2 ). A small …

Akute Pfortaderthrombose bei einem 5-jährigen Kind: Rekanalisierung mittels perkutaner Thrombenaspiration und Thrombolyse

Early portal vein thrombosis is a frequent and severe complication following pediatric liver transplantation. The clinical presentation is characterized by signs and symptoms of portal hypertension such as ascites and digestive hemorrhage. Primary treatment consists of heparin therapy. In the case of persistent or progressive thrombosis or symptoms, surgical thrombectomy or retransplantation should be considered. However, surgical intervention is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report on successful minimally invasive percutaneous thrombus aspiration and thrombolysis for the treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis in a 5-year-old child post liver transplantation.

Percutaneous thrombus aspiration in renal artery stenosis after renal transplantation

We describe the case of a patient with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis for five years who, after renal transplantation, developed acute renal failure and hypertension refractory to medical therapy. Given the clinical and imaging (renal ultrasound and computed tomography) suspicion of renal artery graft thrombosis, invasive angiography was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. The therapeutic approach consisted of percutaneous thrombus aspiration and subsequent balloon angioplasty of the entire artery, followed by stent implantation in a second procedure. The clinical course was uneventful with improvement of renal function and normalization of blood pressure.The case highlights the importance of percutaneous intervention in the management of patients with vascular complications after transplantation, with successful application of a procedure normally used in the setting of acute myocardial infarction – percutaneous thrombus aspiration and implantation of a drug-eluting vascular stent.

Aspiração de trombos por via percutânea em estenose da artéria renal após transplante renal

We describe the case of a patient with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis for five years who, after renal transplantation, developed acute renal failure and hypertension refractory to medical therapy. Given the clinical and imaging (renal ultrasound and computed tomography) suspicion of renal artery graft thrombosis, invasive angiography was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. The therapeutic approach consisted of percutaneous thrombus aspiration and subsequent balloon angioplasty of the entire artery, followed by stent implantation in a second procedure. The clinical course was uneventful with improvement of renal function and normalization of blood pressure.The case highlights the importance of percutaneous intervention in the management of patients with vascular complications after transplantation, with successful application of a procedure normally used in the setting of acute myocardial infarction – percutaneous thrombus aspiration and implantation of a drug-eluting vascular stent.

Castleman’s disease and arterial thrombosis: result of excessively elevated interleukin-6 plasma level?

Morbus Castleman is a benign non-clonal lymphoproliverative disorder. Immunomodulatory and antiproliferative drugs are used to treat this plasma cell disorder. We report the case of a 46-year old female patient with multicentric Castleman's disease and limb ischemia. Thrombotic occlusions of the popliteal and tibioperoneal arteries were treated by percutaneous thrombus aspiration. We discuss the role of increased interleukin-6 plasma levels during therapy with Tocilizumab, an antibody to interleukin-6 receptor, as a potential cause for arterial thrombosis.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Embolism Treated with Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy

A case of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism treated with percutaneous thrombus aspiration is described. A 63-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation was admitted to the hospital with progressive abdominal pain. Computed tomography angiography revealed an occlusion of the distal part of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient was effectively treated using transaxillary percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using a 6F Aspirex thrombectomy catheter.

Arterial occlusion after total knee arthroplasty: Successful management of an uncommon complication by percutaneous thrombus aspiration

Management of arterial occlusion after total knee arthroplasty is controversal in the literature, in part because of the relatively small number of reported cases. We report a case of perioperative popliteal artery thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty that was treated successfully with percutaneous thrombus aspiration and balloon dilation. Immediate intervention prevented ischemic muscular necrosis, resulting in full recovery of the limb.

Percutaneous aspiration of thrombus occluding a saphenous vein graft

AbstractBypass graft occlusion by a thrombus 30 min before elective coronary angiography was treated by percutaneous thrombus aspiration, followed by an angioplasty with a good follow‐up result.