Perceptions Of Poverty Research Articles

Why do we never have enough time? Economic inequality fuels the perception of time poverty by aggravating status anxiety.

People in many societies report that they do not have enough time. What makes people feel so rushed? We propose that economic inequality leads to perceived time poverty by increasing status anxiety. Five studies examined this line of reasoning. Study 1 (N = 230) found a positive correlation between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. Study 2 (N = 194) manipulated economic inequality to test the causal link between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. The results showed that people perceived more time poverty in the high (vs. low) economic inequality condition. Study 3 (N = 381) supported the mediating role of status anxiety in the relationship between economic inequality and perceived time poverty using a questionnaire survey. Study 4 (pre-registered; N = 283) manipulated economic inequality in an ecological valid way and yielded further support for the hypotheses. In pre-registered Study 5 (N = 233), a blockage manipulation design was employed to test the mediating effect of status anxiety as a function of economic inequality, which provided causal evidence for the proposed mediator. Our findings suggest that economic inequality serves as a structural societal factor that fuels people's perception of time poverty.

The effect of economic conditions on poverty perception in Minnesota

The paper analyzes subjective poverty in St. Louis County, Minnesota, with the methods of systematic data collection in 2020 and makes a diachronic comparison using the results of a similar survey from 2010. The paper identifies the most important poverty-related items and compares the precise meanings of the results of the 2010 and 2020 surveys. It also aims to find out how the recovery after the recession of 2008 modified perceptions of poverty. It is revealed that poverty in 2020 is mainly associated with items related to material needs. Many of the items mentioned in relation to poverty are related to financial issues, to basic human needs, or to physical safety. The paper concludes that in spite of the economic recovery, subjective poverty did not change significantly in the examined period.

How do public services supply, livelihood capital, and livelihood strategies affect subjective poverty?

Poverty is not only an economic problem but also a social problem, and there are certain limitations of objective poverty based on the population's income. It does not reflect the residents' true feelings regarding education opportunities, pension and medical security, and participation in decision-making. Researchers have studied it intensively in different objective dimensions of Chinese poverty, and little attention has been paid to subjective poverty. This study analyzes how public services supply, livelihood capital, and livelihood strategies affect subjective perceptions of poverty. The results show that public services supply, livelihood capital, and livelihood strategies significantly correlate with subjective poverty. Physical capital and social capital have the greatest effects on the occurrence of subjective poverty. The probability of subjective poverty decreases by 0.149 and 0.107 for each unit change in physical and social capital, respectively. What's more, public services supply, physical capital, financial capital, and human capital affect the subjective poverty of urban and rural residents at different significance levels. It means that the formation of subjective poverty results from the superposition of multiple factors.

Poverty as a legitimate management topic: The student voice

Our research investigates student perceptions of the legitimacy of poverty (SDG 1) in management curricula and students’ self-perceived role in addressing poverty globally. Students affirm the importance of poverty within their curricula, yet as we further investigate, we find that students report low exposure to SDG 1 as well as lower desire for exposure to this SDG relative to the other SDGs. Furthermore, our research finds that students feel that businesses are responsible for acting to reduce poverty, and as business students this means that they see this as a future responsibility of their own. Yet they report low personal agency for poverty alleviation as a student or as a graduate of a management program. We find as well that of the four “voices” we investigated, the faculty voice is the least influential in shaping student commitments to poverty alleviation. Because there is a disconnect between student perception of value and student desire for coverage of poverty in the curricula, we explore new avenues for influence on student perceptions of poverty during their studies.

Perceptions of Mental Health and Poverty in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia: An Indigenous Psychology Approach

This study aimed to investigate perceptions of mental health and poverty as well as their relationship in remote areas of Indonesia. The investigation was conducted due to the lack of mental health services in the area and a limited understanding of the psychological factors associated with perceptions of mental health and poverty in developing countries. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, involving 22 participants (10 males, 12 females) with various educational and occupational backgrounds. The results showed several categories, namely the concept and causes of poverty, perceptions of physical and mental health, as well as the relationship between poverty and mental health. Among these results, the most important was the public's perception of poverty and mental health as socio-cultural phenomena interrelated due to socio-cultural or mental imbalances. Furthermore, indigenous psychology was used to investigate the behavior of people living in their local communities. This was conducted to determine the use of knowledge to interact with policies and practices to reduce poverty and improve mental health status.

Perceptions of Poverty in Indian Society

Perceptions of different people in India with regard to various aspects of poverty (meaning, nature, causes, remedies, etc.) and their attitudes towards the poor is an underexplored area in academic literature. Based on fieldwork and observations spanning over two decades, this essay presents an analysis of people’s perceptions of poverty in India. The study finds that ‘Location’ (geographical – rural/urban and class – poor/nonpoor) is an important influencer of perceptions. The essay describes the differences between perceptions of rural vs. urban residents and poor vs. non-poor relating to wellbeing and status as well as perceived causes of and solutions to poverty and ‘Poverty Alleviation Programs’ using narratives as illustrations. The insights from interactions with the development community are presented alongside that of others who are not directly engaged in welfare programs. Nature of work/occupation; Exposure to the daily lives of poor people; Family values and beliefs; Academic subjects studied and Level of education; Gender etc. are identified as the factors influencing the perceptions of people.

Poverty, Somatisation Tendency and Potency in Low-Income Adolescent Groups of India and Israel: Explorations from the Field.

Poverty increases vulnerability towards somatisation and influences the sense of mastery and well-being. The present study on adolescents living in relative poverty in a high-income group country (Israel) and a low-middle-income group country (India) explored the nature of somatisation tendency (ST) and its relationship with potency and perception of poverty (PP). Potency, a buffer against stress-induced negative health effects, was hypothesized to be negatively related to ST and mediate the link between PP and ST. Purposive sampling was used to collect questionnaire-based data from community youth (12-16 years) of two metropolitan cities-Kolkata (India, N = 200) and Tel-Aviv (Israel, N = 208). The nature of ST, PP and potency was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and correlation-regression statistics and mediation analysis were used to understand the relationship among them. A clinically significant level of ST was reported by both Indian and Israeli youth experiencing 5-7 somatic symptoms on average. Potency was found to be a significant predictor of ST in both countries (p < 0.05) and emerged as a significant mediator (p < 0.001) in the PP and ST relationship among Indian adolescents. The present study highlights potency as a protective buffer in economically vulnerable community adolescents and re-establishes a high prevalence of ST among them, irrespective of their country's global economic position.

The economic effects of perceptions of the Russia-Ukraine war in Ecuador.

Using an online questionnaire capturing the immediate economic and social effects of the Russia-Ukraine war. The study assesses the topics of more profound concern for university students and the variation of economic attitudes related to their socio-demographic variables. Three hundred eighty-five participants, between 18 and 22 years of age, 49% female, leads us to identify significant differences by sex and economic status related to the stock crash, inflation, corruption, and poverty perceptions. However, the effect size and sampling could be improved. Kruskal-Wallis test confirms that the below-average economic status group feels more worried about higher inflation, while females tend to be more concerned about inflation, corruption, and poverty because of the conflict. Ordered logistic regression reveals that participants who express higher levels of concern regarding the impact of increased energy prices and poverty tend to exhibit greater overall worry. Even though convenience sampling imposes constraints to extrapolate the results broadly, the research constitutes a benchmark for similar studies among Latin American and Caribbean countries since economic expectations and economic knowledge from citizens, applied in their decisions, play an essential role in national development.

Estimating fuzzy measures of deprivation at local level in Tuscany.

In this paper we estimate monetary and non-monetary poverty measures at two sub-regional levels in the region of Tuscany (Italy) using data from the ad-hoc Survey on Vulnerability and Poverty held by Regional Institute from Economic Planning of Tuscany (IRPET). We estimate the percentage of households living in poverty conditions and three supplementary fuzzy measures of poverty regarding deprivation in basic needs and lifestyle, children deprivation, and financial insecurity. The key feature of the survey is that it was carried out after the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, some of the items collected focus on the subjective perception of poverty eighteen months after the beginning of the pandemic. We assess the quality of these estimates either with initial direct estimates along with their sampling variance, and with a secondary small area estimation when the formers are not sufficiently accurate.

‘Joy, not sorrow’: Men's perspectives on gender, violence, and cash transfers targeted to women in northern Ghana

Evidence indicates that cash transfers can decrease intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, although most research has focused on women's perspectives and experiences, with less attention to men. We analyzed data from four focus group discussions with male partners of women who participated in the Ghana Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1000 cash transfer program. We elicited men's perceptions of poverty, relationship dynamics, IPV and cash transfers targeted to their wives using thematic analysis. Men largely viewed the effects of the cash transfer as positive – they felt decreased provider role strain when women used the cash to cover household expenses such as food and school fees. Men also indicated that they felt respected when women used the cash to cover sudden expenses, such as funeral costs, thus preventing the need to borrow from community members and exposing their inability to fulfill provider roles. These feelings of relief and respect helped improve men's overall wellbeing, their marital relationships and reduced the potential for IPV. Despite these positive results, men revealed that they still expected to be informed and consulted about the transfer and its expenditure, and felt disrespected when women did not do so, thus heightening the potential for household conflict. Further research and innovation in programming is needed to integrate gender transformative strategies into cash transfer programs, explicitly aimed at changing gender norms to enhance and sustain beneficial impacts on gender relations and IPV.

Poverty Simulation With Teacher Candidates to Increase Awareness About Poverty

Background: Research suggests that many educators hold inaccurate or incomplete perceptions of poverty leading to stereotyping of students living in poverty. It is important for future teachers to understand more about the complexities of poverty so they can bridge gaps between misconceptions and understanding for their students, families, and school communities. Purpose: This study examined teacher candidates’ preconceived thoughts and changes in perceptions toward poverty based on participation in an experiential learning activity (i.e., a poverty simulation). Methodology/Approach: The participants ( n = 94) were in their final term of a 2-year teacher education program in Ontario, Canada. This mixed-method study used a Community Action Poverty Simulation combined with the quantitative presurvey Undergraduate Perception of Poverty Tracking Survey and qualitative postgroup discussions. Findings/Conclusions: Results indicated that the poverty simulation was an effective tool for disrupting poverty perceptions and myths among teacher candidates and provided insight into further areas to increase understanding. Implications: Based on the findings, poverty simulations are a promising experiential learning process for teacher education programs as a cost-effective, consciousness-raising exercise that can prompt deeper levels of learning for teacher candidates and better prepare them to teach students living in poverty.

Students' perception of energy poverty—A comparative analysis between local and exchange university students from Montevideo, Lisbon, and Padua

Energy Poverty (EP) is a growing concern in EU and national policies. Limited research has been conducted on students' perception of EP and vulnerability to EP, especially on how this may be modified if the student is a local or an exchange university student and how this interacts with the season (i.e., summer and winter). Therefore, the present research aims to deepen this understanding by analyzing and comparing students' perceptions of EP and exploring their vulnerability to EP, considering their background and the city they live in, using Montevideo in Uruguay, Lisbon in Portugal, and Padua in Italy, as case studies. To achieve these aims, two populations of university students in each city were surveyed: one of Local Students (LS) and another of Exchange Students (ES). Responses from 295 students to an online survey with 44 questions covering several aspects of EP and energy awareness, such as energy consumption habits, vulnerability drivers, energy equipment, and lived experience in maintaining comfortable internal temperatures, were collected in 2022. Differences between the perception of LS and ES in each city were analyzed, as well as differences in students' perceptions among cities. Although it is difficult to generalize, comfort levels seem to vary according to location, type of students, and season, but according to the results, there seems to be an interaction between these three factors. According to this research, most students did not identify themselves as living in EP, but several populations perceived discomfort in both winter and summer, showing their vulnerability to EP.

Impact of a Simulation Exercise on Student Perceptions of Poverty and Interprofessional Socialization

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional poverty simulation exercise by determining if participating students demonstrated changes in attitude toward poverty (ATP) and perceptions of interprofessional socialization. MethodsThe Community Action Poverty Simulation from the Missouri Community Action Network was provided to 512 interprofessional health care students during 9 simulation exercises over a 3-year period. Primary participating professions were pharmacy, occupational therapy, and nursing. Student simulation roles were assigned to ensure a mix of professions in simulated families and debriefing groups. Debriefing sessions included questions related to interprofessional interactions. Students completed surveys before and following participation in the simulation, which included the ATP Short Form scale and the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale-9A. ResultsStatistically significant improvements in ATP were demonstrated for the overall score and 15 items of the 21-item ATP Short Form scale. The domains of stigma and structural perspective showed statistically significant improvement, while the personal deficiency domain did not. Statistically significant improvements in student perceptions related to interprofessional socialization were demonstrated for the overall score and 7 items of the 9-item Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale-9A scale. ConclusionThis interprofessional poverty simulation positively altered student ATP and enhanced interprofessional socialization. The Community Action Poverty Simulation augmented with debriefing questions related to interprofessional interactions served as an effective interprofessional education experience for pharmacy, occupational therapy, and nursing students.

Institutional Development in Main Colombian Cities: What Is Its Relation to Subjective Poverty?

AbstractSince a peace treaty in 2016, Colombia has faced a significant challenge to reduce poverty and strengthen its institutions. A few studies have analyzed the relationship between institutions and subjective poverty, but none has demonstrated this influence in the Colombian context at a municipal level. This article estimated a logit regression including a cluster effect to evidence the influence of municipal institutions over perceptions of poverty by the inhabitants of twelve main cities in Colombia in 2016. Findings include that having a better rule of law and fiscal performance, reducing political fragmentation to have better governance, guaranteeing property rights, fostering the benefits of metropolitan areas, and improving citizen participation reduce the probability of feeling poor.

Professional socialization of social work students: addressing poverty perceptions with targeted curricula

ABSTRACT The professional socialization of social work students involves the communication of social work values. A trend in teaching about poverty as a context rather than direct content position poverty attitudes of particular concern in this socialization process. Social work educators must be cognizant about the diverse influences affecting student attitudes and work with them to develop both the requisite skills and the necessary values for social work practice. Building upon past research, this study seeks to provide additional insight into the ability of a targeted poverty curriculum to affect attitudes about poverty among first-semester college students. Here, we utilize four years of data to explore differences in poverty attitudes among social work students who completed a targeted poverty curriculum.

Subjective Poverty: New Techniques of Measurement and Statistical Analysis

Poverty has always been a highly visible problem not restricted to the poorest countries as often is believed. It is a phenomenon occurring all over the world, with varying degrees of intensity. The state of poverty is not dichotomous and cannot be simplified down to categorizations of “poor” and “not poor.” There are many degrees of poverty ranging from none to extreme. Research on poverty, which has been going on for more than 120 years, rarely acknowledges this reality. Moreover, the measurement of poverty is often limited to objective measures that describe economic conditions, e.g. by household income or expenditure. However, the problem of subjective poverty measurement is important, as it studies the different perceptions of poverty among respondents and is often dependent on the point of reference (on the groups to which the respondents compare themselves such as neighbors or family). Hence, we undertook research on the measurement of subjective poverty. We proposed and compared four approaches to the construction of a synthetic index of subjective poverty using the classic and fuzzy TOPSIS (The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and the classic and fuzzy Hellwig's method. The vertex method (fuzzy approaches) and generalized distance measure (classic approaches) were used to calculate the distance from the pattern and the anti-pattern. The main goal is presenting approaches to assessing subjective poverty of households and comparing the results obtained with their help. The research was based on the primary research entitled “My situation during the coronavirus pandemic” conducted in April 2021. The measurement of the level of subjective poverty is an important tool for assessing anti-poverty policy; furthermore, the proposed methods for quantification of subjective poverty can be the basis for the development of anti-poverty strategies and policies

A CONCEPTUAL PAPER ON SUBJECTIVE POVERTY AS PERCEIVED LASTING SOCIOECONOMIC INSECURITY AMONG LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLD DURING MCO AND COVID 19 PANDEMIC

Studies into the relation between subjective perceptions of individuals and objective economic conditions have usually resulted in ambiguous empirical findings. Whilst most studies perceive subjective welfare as being operationalized by indicators of happiness or life satisfaction, this study narrow the approach to an economic domain of subjective , that is perceptions of poverty. Malaysia government is very committed in supporting and implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Having reduced absolute poverty to less than one per cent, Malaysia is now focusing on uplifting the quality of life of the bottom 40 per cent of households (B40). Nevertheless, the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) and the COVID-19 outbreaks have affected the financial 'immunity' of households, traders, and employers to survive this critical period. This made many feels poorer. Poverty rates in the country have been found to increase as many Malaysians easily fall into poverty after losing their jobs or having their pay cut due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Recently, economist adding the subjective poverty approach in understanding the poor. Poor people have their own understanding and interpretation of their social certainty, and this is often different to an outsider’s perspective. The paper aims to uncover subjective poverty as perceived lasting socioeconomic insecurity among the low-income household. Keywords: Low income household; Subjective poverty; Socioeconomic insecurity

Perceptions of Poverty across Three Disciplines at One Urban University

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore college students’ perceptions of poverty and if a change in these perceptions occurred from the beginning to the end of the semester. Self-reported perceptions of people in poverty were provided by 112 undergraduate education majors and graduate level sociology and school psychology majors. Results indicated that undergraduate students had more negative perceptions, while school psychology students had the least negative perceptions. Results suggest that all students, regardless of course of study, require more intensive training in the needs of diverse students and students living in poverty, including authentic experiences and direct instruction.

The COVID-19 pandemic and lay perceptions of poverty and neglect.

In cases of child neglect, intervention depends on accurate identification and reporting. Prior work has shown that individuals, especially those of high socioeconomic status (SES), conflate poverty and neglect when making identification and reporting decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in people's experiences with poverty, likely influencing their ability to distinguish poverty in families and neglectful parenting. Two studies tested the impact of COVID-19 on laypersons' perceptions of neglect, likelihood of reporting neglect, and attributions of blame for neglect. We hypothesized that laypersons would conflate poverty with neglect, that COVID-19 would be associated with a decreased likelihood of doing so, and that attributions of blame would mediate the latter tendency. Adults read vignettes about a mother's care of her daughter and responded to questions about the mother's neglectfulness and their reporting likelihood. Study 1 (N = 676, Mage = 38.80, 48.08% women) compared responses collected before COVID-19 (August 2018) to responses from a separate set of adults collected during COVID-19 (November-December 2020). Study 2 (N = 704, Mage = 43.88, 63.49% women) manipulated mention of COVID-19 to assess whether cuing the pandemic affected identification and reporting, and measured attributions of blame to assess whether they explained the relation between COVID-19 and perceptions of neglect. Whereas most laypersons distinguished situations with versus without neglect, some conflated poverty with neglect when making identification and reporting decisions. However, COVID-19 did not have a direct impact on identification or reporting decisions. Attributions of blame partially explained laypersons' perceptions of situations as neglectful and as warranting reporting. Laypersons' current SES and perceptions of COVID-19 in 2020 were positively associated with identification and reporting. Laypersons in part mistake poverty for neglect, and COVID-19 had indirect effects on perceptions of neglect and reporting decisions. Public education efforts may help improve identification of vulnerable children by laypersons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Determinants of Perceptions of Poverty; A Case of Townships in Gauteng Province of South Africa

Poverty reduction policies and interventions are only effective if the poor themselves own the process and believe in the process being implemented. The way people perceive poverty is to a greater extent informed by their position and economic circumstances in society. The conservative theorist of poverty argue that the poor are lazy and hence would tend to blame the society and the structures thereof. Assertions in the culture of poverty by Oscar Lewis imply that the poor may become comfortable in their poverty and hence may ignore any efforts that would change their circumstances. The liberal theories on the other hand argue that those in poverty perceive poverty as a result of an evil and an unequal system. However, these are general expectations and yet they are not always the same across countries and regions. This paper examines the perceptions of the causes of poverty as conceived by the people living in selected South African townships. The paper used data that was collected in the Gauteng Province South Africa in 2019-2020. Based on the Feagin scale of perceptions of the causes of poverty, the main categories namely, fatalistic, structural and individualistic, are considered between the different households. The results show that the poor to a greater extend agree with the structural perceptions of causes of poverty whilst those that are above the poverty line assign their position to hard work and hence blame the poor for their own circumstances mostly agreeing with the individualistic perception of causes of poverty.