Perception Of Atmosphere Research Articles

Educational environment and its relation to academic performance as perceived by medical students in University of Khartoum. A cross Sectional Study, Sudan, 2020.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: to assess students' perception of educational environment and to evaluate the difference in perception related to academic performance and demographic characteristics in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 2020. Method: The authors performed an observational analytical cross-sectional study at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, using a validated structured closed-ended self -administered questionnaire; the Dundee Ready Educational environment measurement (DREEM). They included all students registered in the faculty for the academic year 2020-2021 except the first semester students. They used proportionate stratified sampling to divide students into strata and sub-strata based on batch number and sex, respectively. Then, they selected students proportionately from each substrata using simple random sampling. Results: out of 405 randomly selected students, 341 (84.2%) filled the questionnaire. The mean total DREEM score was (104.48/200), indicating a positive perception of the learning environment. This, with only student's perception of atmosphere subscale showing negative results. Test results showed a significant difference between different student's age groups, academic phases and batches in regards to their perception of atmosphere (p-value 0.023, 0.001, 0.013 respectively). Regarding residence, a significant difference was found in total DREEM scores, with students residing in university dormitories having a more positive perception. Test results showed no significant difference in student's perception of educational environment in all DREEM subscales between achievers and underachievers. Conclusion: although the overall perception of educational environment was more positive than negative, the study highlighted various areas needing special attention. Theauthors believe that both faculty administration and students must work together to deliver tangible improvement in all aspects of educational environment.

Assessing dental education environment in India: Foundation for future-A systematic review

Little information is available on the quality of the learning experience perceived by the dental students in India. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence on the educational environment in Indian dental colleges using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Several electronic databases and reference lists of the included publications were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Quality assessment was performed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Eight studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. DREEM was commonly administered to the undergraduate dental students. The total number of participants included were 1,799. There was clinical heterogeneity in terms of outcome variables and study population. All the included studies reported a total mean score in the range of 101–150. The overall DREEM score indicated positive perceptions among students. Greater number of problem areas were recorded in student's perception of atmosphere and social self-perceptions. Least number of problem areas were recorded in students' perception of learning, teachers, and academic self-perception. Significantly low mean scores for the items “The teaching over emphasizes factual learning” and “The teachers are authoritarian” were also noted. This indicated that these areas of concern in the present educational system need to be addressed with effective intervention strategies.

Comparisons Between Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students' Perceptions of the Educational Climate at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the preclinical and clinical undergraduate dental students’ perceptions of their educational climate (EC). In addition it will be compared with other local and international studies.Materials and MethodsStudents enrolled in their third and fourth years (preclinical phase) and students in their fifth and sixth years (clinical phase) of the Bachelor of Dental Science at the University of Jazan, Saudi Arabia, were invited to complete a WhatsApp media survey, which included demographics and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). This scale measured students’ overall perceptions of the EC in five domains: learning, teaching, academic self-perception, atmosphere, and social self-perception. Data were analyzed with Student’s t-tests and ANOVA to compare between and within groups.ResultsA total of 272 participants, 140 (51.5%) preclinical and 132 (48.5%) clinical students,took part in the study. Students were generally positive about their learning climate, with overall DREEM scores of 125.19 and 126.21 (preclinical) to 124.10 (clinical) out of a possible score of 200 phases. Student’s perceptions of teaching (26.18±3.24/72.72%) and atmosphere (28.08±5.29/63.82%) were the highest and lowest scores, respectively, and both scores were positive.ConclusionNo differences between the preclinical and clinical phases of the curriculum point to the structure of learning, teaching, academic, social self-perception in health professional degrees. Further research should investigate the weak points in the social and atmospheric climate.

Psychological distress in the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence and associated factors at a nursing college.

to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress in students and workers at a public nursing college during the COVID-19 pandemic. this is a cross-sectional study, carried out by a structured survey based on the internet with a sample of 477 students and workers. Prevalence ratios were calculated and adjusted Prevalence Ratios were obtained by Poisson Regression, with robust variance control and stepwise backward technique. the prevalence of psychological distress was 19.29% (95%CI: 15.98-23.09). Testing (PR 1.55; p-value 0.026) and belonging to the COVID-19 risk group (1.71; p-value 0.005), perception of family atmosphere (PR 3.10; p-value <0.001), feelings of loneliness (PR 2.64; p-value <0.001) and family violence (PR 2.21; p-value 0.005) were associated with distress. the high magnitude of the event and its association with COVID-19, loneliness and family dynamics arouse the need to build strategies that promote a place of protection for schools.

Assessment of Resident Doctors' Perception of Postgraduate Medical Education in Nigeria Using the SPEED Tool

Background: Obtaining feedback from trainees is important in the evaluation and evolution of Postgraduate Medical Education (PME), and policies made based on their felt needs would go a long way in making residency training a worthwhile experience. This pilot study aimed to assess resident doctors' perception of the training content, atmosphere, and organization using the Scan of Postgraduate Educational Environment Domains (SPEED) tool. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst resident doctors at Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) in Nigeria, between May and August 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic data, their perception of PME in their respective departments, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the training programmes. Validity and reliability indices were assessed, and descriptive, inferential, and correlational analyses were run where appropriate. Results: The mean score for the resident doctors' perception of training content, atmosphere, and organization was 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.2 ± 0.5 and 3.69 ± 0.60 respectively, out of a maximum of 5, indicating a positive perception of training in BUTH. The major strengths perceived by most residents were good inter-personal relations between residents and their trainers, as well as conducive learning and work environment; while the weaknesses include poor remuneration and limited staffing which hampers rotations. Conclusion: Resident doctors in BUTH mostly had a positive outlook on their training. This study serves as a reference point for local policy change (in BUTH), and a framework from which future studies on PME can emerge.

Exploring the learning climate in anaesthesiology training hospitals in Ireland

BackgroundLearning climate is defined as the learners' perception of their environment. There is growing evidence that learning climate is a major determinant of trainee behaviour. This mixed methods study evaluated the learning climate in anaesthesiology training hospitals in Ireland.MethodsThrough sequential explanatory strategy, learning climate was measured using a validated 40-item questionnaire, which was completed by 118 anaesthesiology trainees from eight training hospitals in Ireland. This was followed by two focus group interviews with 16 participants. Qualitative interpretations were derived using framework analysis.ResultsThe mean learning climate score was from the questionnaire 116 (+/−15.7) out of 160. The highest level of satisfaction recorded was for the perception of atmosphere (scoring 76% of the maximum score), while learning opportunities ranked lowest (67% of the maximum score). Three key themes emerged from the focus groups: lack of resources, the transient nature of the job and the sense of a gap between consultants and trainees.ConclusionsOverall there was an acceptable learning climate in training hospitals in Ireland, but satisfaction levels may vary and lack of learning opportunities appears to be a significant issue for trainees.

A Field Study of the Impact of Indoor Lighting on Visual Perception and Cognitive Performance in Classroom

In this field study, a series of psychophysical tests were conducted to investigate the impact of indoor lighting on students’ visual perception and cognitive performance. A typical classroom of Wuhan University (China) was fitted with tubular light-emitting diode (LED) sources and LED panel sources in two experiments, respectively. Under the two lighting environments, seventy-nine college students were invited to complete a group of visual tests, which included colour preference evaluations of fruit and vegetables and skin tone, perceptual judgement on the atmosphere of the lighting environment, a reading comfort assessment concerning different paper colours, a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) test quantifying alertness, and the Anfimov test of attention (also concerning paper colours). These tests were conducted twice, before and after a two-hour self-study under each lighting environment, with the aim of investigating the impact of visual fatigue on visual perception and cognitive performance. It was found that the influence of indoor lighting was significant on skin preference and atmosphere perception, while no measured effects of lighting were observed on participant’s alertness and attention. Meanwhile, the impact of visual fatigue was also found to be insignificant in this case. Interestingly, paper colour, rather than indoor lighting, was found to have a significant impact on the visual comfort of text reading. In addition, degree of proficiency significantly influenced the proofreading speed and accuracy of the subjects the in Anfimov test, which we believe should be taken into consideration when implementing similar tests in follow-up studies. The preliminary findings of this field study should provide a deeper understanding of how changes in classroom lighting contribute to visual perception and cognitive performance of occupants.

Students’ perception on educational environment of the postgraduate programme in selected nursing colleges of Nepal

Background: Student’s positive perception towards the academic environment determines the quality of education. This study aimed at finding students’ perception on educational environ­ment of the postgraduate nursing programme of Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among 104 masters level nursing stu­dents from four selected nursing campuses under Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University. Enu­merative sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using validated standard tool Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Results: Most of the nursing students (81.7%) had positive level of perception on their educational environment and few had excellent perception. Total DREEM mean score was 134.37± 21 out of 200. Specifically, mean score of learning was 31.93 ± 5.1 out of 48, students’ perception of teachers was 30.02 ± 5.072 out of 44; students’ academic self-perception was 22.32 ± 3.54 out of 32; students’ perception of atmosphere was 32.26±5.1 out of 48 and mean score for students social self-perception was 17.82± 3.3 out of 28. Lower mean score &lt; 2.0 was identified on teaching factual learning, oppor­tunities to memorize learning, supporting during stress, time management of programs, well prepara­tion for classes and student’s self-perception.&#x0D; Conclusions: The findings indicate more positive perception on educational environment among post­graduate nursing students. Still some aspects such as teaching factual learning, memorizing learning, supportive students during stress, and social environment need to be emphasized to enhance the students’ educational environment of post-graduate nursing program by the academic institution.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGES OF NEPAL

Background: Student’s positive perception towards the academic environment determines the quality of education. This study aimed at finding students’ perception on educational environment of the postgraduate nursing programme of Nepal. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among 104 masters level nursing students from four selected nursing campuses under Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University. Enumerative sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using validated standard tool Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most of the nursing students (81.7%) had positive level of perception on their educational environment and few had excellent perception. Total DREEM mean score was 134.37± 21 out of 200. Specifically, mean score of learning was 31.93 ± 5.1 out of 48, students’ perception of teachers was 30.02 ± 5.072 out of 44; students’ academic self-perception was 22.32 ± 3.54 out of 32; students’ perception of atmosphere was 32.26±5.1 out of 48 and mean score for students social self-perception was 17.82± 3.3 out of 28. Lower mean score &lt; 2.0 was identified on teaching factual learning, opportunities to memorize learning, supporting during stress, time management of programs, well preparation for classes and student’s self-perception. Conclusions: The findings indicate more positive perception on educational environment among postgraduate nursing students. Still some aspects such as teaching factual learning, memorizing learning, supportive students during stress, and social environment need to be emphasized to enhance the students’ educational environment of post-graduate nursing program by the academic institution.

Students’ Perceptions on Educational Environment of Selected Dental Colleges in Bangladesh

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to find out the students’ perceptions on educational environment of selected dental colleges in Bangladesh. The study was carried out in ten selected dental colleges (4 government &amp; 6 non-government) of Bangladesh. Total sample size was 1169 of different years of BDS students. Dental colleges were selected purposively &amp; data was collected from students by adopting convenience sampling technique. Data collection was done with self-administered semi-structured questionnaire with two open questions using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measurement (DREEM) inventory with some modification. There were five subscales of DREEM for students. Study results revealed that total DREEM score of students were 142. Mean score of students’ perceptions by subscale of DREEM were “students’ perception of their learning (34.95); students’ perception of their teachers (30.36); students’ academic self-perception (24.94); students’ perception of educational atmosphere (32.82) and students’ social self-perception (18.83). All these values indicated that the students’ perception were in the right &amp; mostly positive direction. Study recommended that significant attention should be paid in few problematic areas specially for “too much teacher centered learning and over emphasized factual learning. Study also recommended to improve the logistic support for students of dental colleges to ensure better educational environment of Bangladesh.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(2) 2020: 27-33

Double bookkeeping and schizophrenia spectrum: divided unified phenomenal consciousness

Eugen Bleuler, the founder of the concept of schizophrenia, pointed out that psychotic patients were able to live in two disjoint worlds (namely, the social, intersubjective world and the delusional world). He termed this phenomenon “double bookkeeping,” but did not provide any conceptual elaboration of this phenomenon or its possible mechanisms. Double bookkeeping has been neglected in mainstream psychiatry, but it has been addressed in recent theoretical work, however mainly concerned with the issue of delusion. In this article, we present clinical material that supports the view that double bookkeeping manifests itself across various psychotic phenomena and its antecedent may be observed in premorbid (pre-onset) phases as well as in the schizotypal disorder. We try to conceptualize double bookkeeping to concretize an often atmospheric perception of paradoxicality in the encounter with the patient. A phenomenological analysis of double bookkeeping suggests an instability in the affective (“auto-affection”) articulation of selfhood. We point to four main implications of our presentation: (1) diagnostic, (2) epistemological, (3) therapeutic and (4) pathogenetic research.

A study to assess the perceptions of educational environment among students and faculty in a medical college

Educational environment is physical, social and psychological context in which student learn. This definitely affects student’s academic success, achievements, motivation to learn., , , , , There is a need to identify effect, strengths and weakness of current educational environment. To compare perception of educational environment among students and teachers on Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. To find out strengths and weakness of the educational environment.Cross sectional, Questionnaire based. students 2-9 semester. (N=500, Age–18-25yr) Teaching staffs from all departments(N=100) After institutional ethical committee clearance and written informed consent DREEM questionnaire given which encompasses five subscales. For all domains. Parametric tests- mean + SD. t-test used for comparison of student and teachers on each category. P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Non-parametric test used Mann-Whitney test. The educational environment scores were 135.38±15.41 (67.69%) for the teachers and 127.77±12.82 (62.81%) for the students (P&amp;#60;0.001). The differences in the scores statistically significant for the subscales were perception of Learning, perception of teachers and perception of Atmosphere and non-significant were for Academic self-perception and for Social Self-perception.Teachers and students both perceive the educational environment positively but in subscales teachers perceived it more positive and acceptable. The strengths were knowledgeable teachers, having good friends, confident about passing and Weakness identified by students were memorize which may be due to traditional teacher centred curriculum.

Medical Student’s Perception of Educational Environment

Introduction: The importance of educational environment in any medical institute cannot be ignored. Medical students should be provided a healthy environment so as to maximize their learning. Also understanding their perception about the educational environment can be used tactfully to evaluate and address the deficiencies and to make necessary changes required accordingly. Aims &amp; Objectives: To assess students’ perception regarding educational environment in a medical college of Lahore. Place and duration of study: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019- December 2019 in CMH Lahore Medical College. Material &amp; Methods: 450 students of M.B.B.S from first year to final year (90 students / year) were included by simple random method after taking written informed consent. DREEM questionnaire was used having 5 subscales including students’ perception of learning (PoL), perception of Teachers (PoT), students’ academic self-perception (ASP), students’ perception of atmosphere (PoA) and students ‘self-perceptions (SSP). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 .Data was presented as mean ±s.d, normality assessed with Shapiro -Wilk’s test followed by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: Reliability of the scale was found to be 96%, indicative of excellent consistency of the responses provided by students. Mean scores of subscales from both male and female students; PoL, PoT, ASP, PoA and SSP were found as 29.89±7.36, 28.07±7.21, 19.50±5.17, 28.78±7.36 &amp; 16.97±4.55 respectively. Total DREEM score came out to be 123.21+29.48. Conclusion: It is concluded that students perceived a positive learning environment in this medical college’s experience.

The "Warrior" system: a new useful emergency simulator to train clinical pharmacists in emergency medicine.

Clinical pharmacists are indispensable providers of emergency medical services. However, the training of Chinese clinical pharmacists in medical emergency skills is apparently insufficient.The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the “Warrior” emergency simulator application in the emergency medical education of clinical pharmacy students (CP students).The “Warrior” system, which contains a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics-linked model and a drug database, was successfully employed to train CP students and improve their capability to deal with various medical emergency situations. Both an objective (in-class) test and the subjective Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) were administered to 20 CP students, randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, to estimate the teaching effect of the “Warrior” system.The scores of CP students from the intervention group were significantly higher (P < .01) in the in-class test than the scores of students from the control group due to the diverse situational teaching using the “Warrior” system. The results of the DREEM showed that CP students from the intervention group obtained considerably better (P < .01) marks for “students’ perceptions of learning” and “students’ perceptions of atmosphere” than those from the control group. Furthermore, the intervention group scored much higher (P < .01) than the control group on the total DREEM.The “Warrior” system provides an excellent training path for clinical pharmacists that supplies a more realistic clinical simulation experience and significantly improves the teaching effect. The “Warrior” system exhibits high potential for future development in emergency medical education.

Middle School Students' Perceptions of the Lunchroom: Implications for Future Interventions.

The National School Lunch Program provides nutritious and inexpensive lunches, but low participation and food waste are challenges in many schools. Interventions aim to improve participation in the program, but little is known about how students' perceptions affect their participation. This study explored how middle school students in a rural state perceive school food service staff, food served, and lunchroom atmosphere. An online survey was administered to middle school students at six schools participating in a larger lunchroom intervention. Mean perception scores were calculated for all measures. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between perceptions and consumption. Overall perceptions of staff, food, and atmosphere were positive, and students classified as school lunch eaters had more positive perceptions in all three areas than noneaters. Interventions to increase participation in school lunch programs and promote consumption of healthy food items should address multiple factors that contribute to school lunch participation.

Notions of Atmosphere: Toward the Limits of Narrative Understanding

The change of methodological paradigms, introduced by postclassical narratology and especially its cognitivist orientation, has thus far not reflected on the phenomenon of atmosphere. This is somewhat surprising, if we consider that the contemporary conceptualization of atmosphere and the increased interest in the questions it brings forth arise from new phenomenology and phenomenological aesthetics, fields that have directly initiated the development of postclassical narratology. Starting with the phenomenological concept of atmosphere of M. Merleau-Ponty and H. Schmitz (atmosphere as an ecstasy of experience, a specific modus of presence with a quasi-objective and inter-subjective status fitting into the extra-linguistic framework, atmospheric perception as seizing the surfaceless space) and the aesthetic relevance of the concept (G. Böhme, T. Griffero, E. Fischer-Lichte), this article presents the terminological instability and semantic vagueness of atmosphere and related terms within the narratological discourse of M. Bal, G. Prince, M.L. Ryan and P. Abbott (atmosphere as receptive and narrative disposition, the accompanying factor of morphological categories, the thematic-psychological distinctive characteristic of genre). The primary objective of the paper is to reexamine the methodological legitimacy of the concept of atmosphere, both regarding the limits of narrative understanding and its interpretative potential which might become relevant within cognitive theories of intertextuality (E. Panagiotidy, M. Juvan), while also being a humanistic response to the challenges of new epistemological paradigms and a return to the transcendental essence of literature.

Konaklama İşletmelerinde Algılanan Atmosferin Müşteri Tatminine Etkisi: Kuşadası Örneği

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the atmosphere elements in the accommodation establishments on the satisfaction levels of the customers who are purchased services from these establishments. In the study, a quantitative research approach was adopted and the data which were aquired from accommodation establishments with questionnaire forms face to face were analyzed by correlation, regression and nonparametric statistical tests. As a result of the analyzes, 34.4% positive correlation was found between perceived atmosphere and customer satisfaction. It’s been found that each of the perceived atmosphere dimensions affects at least three of the customer satisfaction dimensions. It has been observed that the internal variables dimension of perceived atmosphere has the highest effect on the tangibles dimension of customer satisfaction with 40.9%. The lowest impact (12.8%) is between the employee and hygiene variables dimension of the perceived atmosphere and the assurance dimension of customer satisfaction. In atmosphere perceptions, it has been concluded that the average of the rows of regular customers is higher than the new customers. On the other hand, it was found that customer satisfaction was not affected by demographic variables.

Study of the perceptions of the educational environment among undergraduate medical students of Taylor's University.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. A conducive educational environment is vital to successful learning. Perception of students about their particular educational environment may vary depending on their educational background, gender, level of study, and many other factors. Awareness and understanding of the students' perception of educational environment are a key to improve our teaching and learning environment. The aim of the study was to determine the perception of undergraduate medical students of Taylor's University, Malaysia on their educational environment. A cross sectional cohort study was conducted among preclinical and clinical students simultaneously at Taylor's University, School of Medicine in July 2019. Overall total scores of perceptions (136.55 ± 19.6) and those for the subscales were very satisfactory and similar to those of other local universities as well as international universities. There was a significant difference between preclinical and clinical students in two domains; Perception of Course Organizers and Academic Self-Perception, with higher scores among clinical students in all. There was a significant difference between students with Grade 'B' and those with Grade 'C' in the mean total score and Perceptions of Atmosphere. These results, in spite of being satisfactory, urge us to seek methods of and opportunities for further enhancement of the students' education environment.

Exploring Students' Perceptions of the Educational Environment in a Caribbean Veterinary School: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Educational environment has a significant impact on students' learning and academic achievement. The aim of this article was to explore the perception of veterinary school students' regarding their educational environment at the University of the West Indies. In this cross-sectional study, the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) was administered to veterinary undergraduate students from year 2 to year 5. The DREEM questionnaire consists of 50 items with five subscales: students' perceptions of learning, students' perceptions of teachers, students' academic self-perceptions, students' perceptions of atmosphere, and students' social self-perceptions. Each item was scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (0) to strongly agree (4). The Cronbach's alpha for the overall DREEM score was 0.92, and for the five subscales, it ranged from 0.66 to 0.83. A total of 99 students responded (response rate: 86%). The students' overall DREEM mean score was 106.59 out of the global mean score of 200, indicating that students' perception of the educational environment was generally more positive than negative. In the five DREEM subscales, students were found to have a more positive perception of learning (55.15%); students' perception of teachers was generally positive (61.41%); and their perception of academic atmosphere was also positive (57.75%). Conversely, students' academic self-perception (51.41%) and social self-perception (42.61%) trended negatively. The findings suggest that improvement is needed in significant areas in the veterinary school, including curriculum review, faculty development, provision of sports and cultural facilities, stress management, and academic support systems.

Perceptions of Restrictiveness in Forensic Mental Health: Do Demographic, Clinical, and Legal Characteristics Matter?

Where safe, forensic mental health systems should provide care in the least restrictive environment possible. Doing so can maximize patient autonomy and empowerment while minimizing unnecessary social disconnection and stigmatization. This study investigated whether patients' perceptions of restrictiveness were associated with demographic, clinical, and legal characteristics. The Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ) was used to measure perceptions of restrictiveness in 235 patients in low-, medium-, and high-secure settings in England. The results showed that restrictiveness scores were significantly higher for patients who experienced an adverse event in the past week or were diagnosed with a personality disorder compared to those with a mental illness. A regression analysis suggested that only diagnosis was predictive of FRQ scores when controlling for perceptions of ward atmosphere and quality of life. Age, length of stay, ethnicity, level of security, legal section, and offence type were not associated with FRQ scores. Future research should investigate the roles that individual symptoms, insight into illness, mood, personality, and expectations of care have in influencing perceptions of restrictiveness.