Perceptions Of Fairness Research Articles

Policing Success out of the African American Entrepreneur

Scholars, practitioners, and policymakers agree that entrepreneurship is critical in poverty reduction and alleviation. Although research in this area is increasing, it remains very diverse as scholars grapple with numerous streams of research around this topic. Improving female entrepreneurship rates and that of racial minorities, especially African Americans, has been of great interest to scholars and policymakers. Historically, research around Black entrepreneurship has focused on finance, education, family structure, human capital, and consumer perceptions. This article examines the impact of a governmental agency (the police) on Black business ventures as a reason for low rates of African American entrepreneurship. Employing the fairness heuristic theory, which is rooted in Equity Theory, this exploratory paper examines the effect of fairness perception of the police interaction with Blacks and Black ventures on business success. This exploratory paper sets a direction for future quantitative and qualitative research.

Who perceives lower wages for women to be fair? How perceptions of the fairness of men’s and women’s wages vary by firm and workplace characteristics

Abstract Previous research has shown that gender pay gaps are perceived as fair or justified, not only by men but also by women. In this paper we contribute to the discussion of a biased evaluation of fair wages and assess whether the organizational context has an impact on fairness perceptions. We use unique data from a vignette study that was part of a representative online survey of 5,556 employees in 532 larger firms (> 100 employees) in Germany which are merged to administrative data. This allows us to consider different contextual factors at both the workgroup level and the firm level. In contrast to older studies we find that women tend to evaluate wages of female workers as unfairly too low. Moreover, the perception of (un)fair wages depends on the organizational context. Female supervisors and collective bargaining agreements in firms increase the likelihood that female employees evaluate other women’s wages as unfairly low. When employees talk about their wages with their colleagues, they are more likely to judge the wages of co-workers as unfairly low.

Impact of GST on Consumer Buying Behavior

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India on July 1, 2017, marked a significant shift in the country’s indirect tax structure. This study explores the impact of GST on consumer buying behavior, particularly focusing on changes in spending patterns, price sensitivity, and perceptions of product quality. Additionally, the research delves into consumer confidence, awareness, and education regarding the new tax system. Findings indicate both positive and negative shifts in consumer behavior, with altered perceptions of price fairness and heightened awareness of product costs. The study also underscores the importance of consumer education in navigating this new tax regime. Through these insights, the research aims to understand how GST has reshaped consumer experiences and market dynamics in India’s post-GSTera. Keywords: Goods and Services Tax (GST), Consumer Behavior, Price Sensitivity, Consumer Education, Buying Patterns, Tax Reform, Consumer Confidence

Boosting customers’ hedonic well-being through fair services: the role of participation and price saving

PurposeAlthough close customer–company interactions are essential sources of value creation, their effect on well-being, depending on fair treatment by the service employee, has not been established. This research identifies two customer-centric, proactive, market orientation strategies that might accelerate the positive effects of fairness perceptions in service encounters.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies investigate if customer participation and price savings can boost the positive effects of fairness or compensate for the negative influence of unfairness, through customers’ word of mouth, on hedonic well-being.FindingsThe results show that high levels of customer participation can boost customers’ well-being, but monetary compensation in the form of price savings cannot offset low fairness experienced during the service encounter. Service firms benefit directly from increased word of mouth when customers perceive high fairness; customers benefit indirectly from increased hedonic well-being.Originality/valueThis research contributes to academic debates about the extent to which transformative services contribute to consumer well-being. By linking service fairness perceptions to value co-creation and well-being, it also advances research on power distribution in service ecosystems. Finally, this study contributes to services literature by identifying customer participation as a feasible way to increase consumers’ hedonic well-being.

Determinants of public support for vigilantism in pre-war and wartime Ukraine

This study contributes to the field of ‘conflict policing’ by discussing police legitimacy and the public perception of vigilantism in wartime Ukraine. Employing a cross-sectional sample ( N = 15,127) of the residents of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, we test Bottoms and Tankebe’s (2012) police legitimacy model and analyse the determinants of public support for vigilantism in pre-war and wartime Ukraine. Our results show that the Bottoms–Tankebe model proves adequate for both time periods. Our study shows that the impact of the war has led to an increase in support for vigilantism and that a higher level of support for vigilantism has been positively associated with the perception of police fairness. Policing during conflict requires a strong presence in terms of officers and may indicate a double standard amongst the general public regarding police corruption in the sense of making it seem more understandable.

Automation and artificial intelligence in police body-worn cameras: Experimental evidence of impact on perceptions of fairness among officers

Automation and artificial intelligence in police body-worn cameras: Experimental evidence of impact on perceptions of fairness among officers

AI: Friend or foe of fairness perceptions of the tax administration? A survey experiment on citizens' procedural fairness perceptions

AI: Friend or foe of fairness perceptions of the tax administration? A survey experiment on citizens' procedural fairness perceptions

시니어클럽 노인일자리 담당자의 조직공정성 인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 직무만족의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between the perception of organizational fairness and organizational commitment among non-regular workers in the elderly job program. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 300 managers responsible for the elderly job program in Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province, resulting in 285 valid responses. Among the collected responses, those with missing data, unreliable answers, and responses from regular employees were excluded, leaving 215 responses from non-regular workers for analysis. The mediating effect was verified using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping with SPSS 25.0 and Process Macro v4.2, Model 4. The analysis results indicated that first, an increase in perceived organizational fairness among non-regular workers in the elderly job program leads to an increase in organizational commitment. Second, an increase in perceived organizational fairness is associated with an increase in job satisfaction. Third, an increase in job satisfaction among non-regular workers is linked to an increase in organizational commitment. Fourth, job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between perceived organizational fairness and organizational commitment. Based on these findings, practical and policy recommendations for improving organizational environments to enhance perceptions of organizational fairness, as well as measures to increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment, are suggested.

전반적 해고 공정성 지각과 해고자의 재입사 의도

The large-scale layoffs following COVID-19 have shifted organizations' perspectives on laid-off employees. To facilitate post-recession recovery and growth, companies are increasingly considering boomerang hiring. However, research on the determinants of laid-off workers’ attitudes and post employment behaviors is still lacking. This study aims to examine the impact of overall layoff fairness perception on turnback intention mediated by residual affective commitment. Additionally, it explores whether company-led alumni outreach activities and engagement in alumni outreach activities moderate this relationship. The analysis of 230 Vietnamese laid-off workers indicated that residual affective commitment mediates the relationship between overall layoff fairness perception and turnback intention However, the moderating effects and moderated mediating effects were not significant. The post-hoc analysis showed that the mediating effects of residual affective commitment were found in the analysis with moderator variables as independent variables. This study contributes to the literature on layoff fairness by suggesting laid-off workers’ attitudes, such as residual affective commitment, and behaviors, such as turnback intention as subsequent factors of overall layoff fairness perception. Furthermore, by distinguishing between company-led alumni outreach activities and engagement in alumni outreach activities, it expands research on alumni outreach activities by clarifying the effects of these two variables. Lastly, it provides practical implications for organizations by suggesting that company- led alumni outreach activities and engagement in alumni outreach activities can enhance residual affective commitment and turnback intention.

Beyond Face Recognition: A Multi-Layered Approach to Academic Integrity in Online Exams

Ensuring academic integrity in online assessments is crucial for upholding fairness and credibility, especially with the widespread adoption of remote learning. This research addresses key vulnerabilities in preventing cheating and unauthorized collaboration, common in online assessments lacking direct supervision. To address these challenges, an intelligent proctoring system was developed and tested on BlockchainStudy.kz — an educational platform that offers online courses and issues blockchain-based certificates. This system establishes a controlled examination environment through facial recognition, user activity monitoring, and browser behavior tracking, effectively deterring dishonest practices. The study adopted a phased methodology, starting with pilot testing for feasibility, followed by large-scale deployment to assess scalability and effectiveness. The approach combines machine learning-based facial recognition for identity verification, user action logging, and browser monitoring to detect suspicious behaviors indicative of academic dishonesty. Findings demonstrated a marked decrease in cheating incidents, enhanced examination credibility, and improved perceptions of fairness among both students and instructors. By encouraging accountability, the system fostered a culture of honesty within the online education environment. Ethical concerns regarding privacy were addressed through robust safeguards in compliance with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), building student trust in the proctoring system. This research contributes to the field of e-learning by providing a scalable, effective solution for maintaining academic integrity in online assessments. It facilitates informed decision-making for educators, reduces dishonest behavior, and promotes a culture of integrity within digital education. Overall, this work enriches the body of e-learning knowledge by presenting a practical, adaptable strategy for overcoming the complex challenges of academic integrity in remote learning environments.

Satisfaction with AI chatbots in crowdsourcing services: anthropomorphic and fairness perspectives

ABSTRACT The creation of human-like AI chatbots for service interactions has raised controversies about whether such technologies can truly generate a personal touch while improving fairness perception and overall customer experience. Pivoting on computer as social actors and perceived justice theories, this research examines and updates the factors influencing customers’ satisfaction with AI chatbots in the modern era. An online questionnaire was conducted in Singapore and 450 valid responses were collated. Structural equation modelling was utilised to investigate the model and the gathered data. The outcomes of this study have shown that perceived anthropomorphic characteristics and perceived empathy have significant and positive impacts on customers’ perceptions of interactional justice, distributive justice, and procedural justice. These justice perceptions then create trust in the AI chatbots and consequently influence customer satisfaction. The findings have substantiated the use of AI chatbots from anthropomorphic and fairness contexts. They also provide theoretical and managerial contributions for existing and future service providers that adopt AI chatbots.

Perceptions of procedural fairness and space for personal narrative: an experimental study of form design

AbstractApplication forms – the most mundane of documents – are often the compulsory interface between an individual and the state. From social security and immigration, to health and social care, application forms are ubiquitous across almost all areas of government bureaucracy. However, socio‐legal research on administrative justice tends to examine these forms from the perspective of front‐line decision makers, instead of form fillers. Drawing on a survey experiment with 655 recipients of Universal Credit (a means‐tested social security benefit) in the United Kingdom, we demonstrate how the inclusion of space for personal narrative in a local welfare application form – the ability to set out one's circumstances in full – significantly increases perceptions of procedural fairness. Our findings demonstrate how seemingly small changes to form design can have a considerable impact on the perceived fairness of an application process and the importance of grounding administrative justice research in the experiences of people who regularly interact with the administrative processes of the state.

Monetary Rewards and Employee Psychological Ownership Among Selected Hospitality Firms in FCT Abuja

The study investigates the impact of monetary rewards on psychological ownership in the hospitality industry within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Specifically, it examines the influence of Monetary Fairness Perception (MFP), Incremental Pay Growth (IPG), and Monetary Reward Customization (MRC) on employees’ sense of ownership and commitment. Adopting Equity Theory as the theoretical framework, the study highlights the critical role of perceived fairness and reward structures in fostering psychological engagement. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 137 participants across 15 hospitality firms and analyzed using multiple regression analysis in SPSS. The findings reveal that MFP and IPG significantly enhance psychological ownership, contributing 66.9% and 33.1% to its variance, respectively, while MRC demonstrates no statistically significant effect. These results underscore the importance of equitable and growth-oriented compensation systems in enhancing employee performance. The study concludes with recommendations for organizations to strengthen fairness in pay systems and institutionalize salary growth mechanisms, with limited emphasis on customization strategies in the Abuja context.

Organizational Justice as a Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Engagement in the Healthcare Sector: A conceptual study

The healthcare sector framework highlights the importance of organizational justice in shaping employee attitudes and behaviors within healthcare settings. It emphasizes that perceptions of fairness—encompassing distributive, procedural, and interactional justice—are crucial for fostering (OCB) and enhancing employee engagement, ultimately impacting the quality of patient care and organizational effectiveness. This research aims to examine the impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and employee engagement among healthcare professionals. The study emphasizes the critical role that perceptions of fairness play in enhancing employee morale and productivity within healthcare settings. The study utilizes a comprehensive literature review to analyze existing theories and empirical findings related to organizational justice, OCB, and employee engagement. It synthesizes insights from various studies to develop a theoretical framework that illustrates the relationships between these constructs. Specifically, when healthcare employees feel that they are treated fairly with respect to resource distribution, decision-making processes, and interpersonal interactions, they are more likely to exhibit behaviors that support their organization and engage actively in their roles. The research concludes that fostering a culture of organizational justice is essential for promoting OCB and enhancing employee engagement in healthcare environments. Its originality lies in its focus on the healthcare sector, providing a unique perspective on how justice perceptions can drive positive organizational outcomes. This study lays the groundwork for future empirical research to validate these proposed relationships in practical settings, especially within the healthcare sector, and the dedication and willingness of employees are vital for success.

In Search of "Fertile Ground": How Territorial Characteristics Influence the Social Acceptability of Renewable Energy Projects.

Renewable energy (RE) projects are vital to achieving sustainable development in the context of the pressing challenges of climate change and the energy transition. However, despite the global consensus on their importance, RE projects often encounter significant resistance at the local level. This article investigates how territorial characteristics influence the social acceptability of RE projects and explores the concept of fertile ground as a framework for understanding the conditions that foster or hinder local support for such projects. Drawing on theories of regional path dependency and leadership agency, we identify the historical, socioeconomic, cultural and governance factors shaping local attitudes towards RE projects. By employing qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with diverse stakeholders and the analysis of press articles, we develop a nuanced approach that incorporates key territorial dynamics. Our findings reveal the critical role of historical industrial conflicts, political leadership, place attachment and perceptions of fairness in shaping local acceptability. They also highlight the influence of habituation and saturation effects, which shows that the acceptability of RE projects is not static; rather, it evolves over time in response to local conditions and stakeholder engagement. By situating the fertile ground concept within broader frameworks of social acceptability, this study provides actionable insights to policymakers and project developers seeking to align RE initiatives with local contexts and values.

Dispensing issues and disciplinary measures during opioid agonist treatment: A viewpoint.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) poses a significant public health challenge globally, with an estimated 23 million opioid users in India. Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT) stands as the cornerstone of treatment, offering potential reductions in morbidity, societal burdens, and improvements in patient quality of life. However, OAT coverage remains fairly low in India, with clinical guidelines lacking comprehensive information on implementation pragmatics. This viewpoint delves into the nuanced challenges faced by clinicians in the daily operations of OAT emphasizing disciplinary issues, practical responses, and the broader implications for treatment outcomes and public perception. The treatment provider's response is explored from different aspects like learning theory, attitude, psychodynamic interactions, and ethics. Understanding patient perspectives, including employment demands and perceptions of fairness, is crucial in tailoring responses and optimizing treatment engagement. While disciplinary measures are integral to maintaining treatment sanctity, their effectiveness must be balanced with patient autonomy and harm reduction goals. The discourse surrounding OAT disciplinary measures necessitates a multifaceted approach, integrating evidence-based practices, clinician experiences, patient rights, and administrative considerations to ensure equitable and effective treatment provision.

Restrictions in Social Media Engagement and User’s Fairness Perception

Restrictions in Social Media Engagement and User’s Fairness Perception

Comparative Analysis of Public Perceptions of Tax Justice and Public Responses to Changes in the Tax System

Purpose: This study examines public perceptions of tax justice and responses to systemic tax reforms, particularly in the context of digitalization and reform-driven economies like Indonesia. It investigates how distributive and procedural fairness, financial literacy, and socio-economic dynamics shape trust, compliance, and acceptance of tax policies. Research Design and Methodology: The study employs a qualitative approach, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize insights from recent theoretical and empirical studies. Integrating key findings from interdisciplinary research explores the relationship between tax justice perceptions, digitalization, financial literacy, and public trust in tax reforms. Findings and Discussion: The study reveals that perceptions of tax fairness significantly influence public trust and compliance. Distributive justice ensures equitable tax burdens aligned with economic capacity, while procedural justice emphasizes transparency and inclusive in policy implementation. Financial literacy moderates the relationship between perceived fairness and voluntary compliance, enhancing public understanding of taxation benefits. Digitalization offers efficiency but presents challenges of inclusivity, particularly for marginalized groups. The findings highlight the importance of tailoring reforms to socio-economic and cultural contexts to foster trust and acceptance. Implications: The study underscores the need for transparent, equitable, and inclusive tax policies. Policymakers should prioritize public education on financial literacy, ensure equitable digital tax systems, and promote participatory governance in tax reform processes. These measures will enhance compliance, strengthen public trust, and promote sustainable economic development. Future research should empirically validate these relationships and explore cross-country comparisons to deepen understanding of taxation dynamics.

Are Games Always Fun and Fair? A Comparison of Reactions to Different Game‐Based Assessments

ABSTRACTGame‐based assessment (GBA) has garnered attention in the personnel selection and assessment context owing to its postulated potential to improve applicant reactions. However, GBAs can differ considerably depending on their specific design. Therefore, we sought to determine whether test taker reactions to GBAs vary owing to the different manifestations that GBAs may take on, and to test takers' individual preferences for such assessments. In an experimental study, each of N = 147 participants was shown six different GBAs and asked to rate several applicant reaction variables concerning these assessments. We found that reactions to GBAs were not inherently positive even though GBAs were generally perceived as enjoyable. However, perceptions of fairness and organizational attractiveness varied considerably between GBAs. Participants' age and experience with video games were related to reactions but had less impact than the different GBAs. Our results suggest that a technology‐as‐designed approach, which considers GBAs as a combination of multiple components (e.g., game elements), is crucial in GBA research to provide generalizable results for theory and practice.

Fairness of reward for academics: perception disparity between academics and senior HR managers

ABSTRACT This study addresses the growing concern regarding the perceived fairness of rewards within the English Higher Education (HE) sector, particularly among academics, through the lens of organisational justice theory (OJT). While the importance of perceived fairness is well-documented, there is limited understanding of how these perceptions align or differ between academics and the senior HR managers responsible for their reward systems. Drawing on interviews with senior HR managers from 20 English universities and responses from 88 academics to open-ended questionnaires, this research investigated the views of both groups on the fairness of academic rewards. Thematic analysis revealed significant differences in perceptions of fairness of reward between academics and senior HR managers. This study has three main findings: first, justice elements are interrelated yet senior HR managers often view them in isolation, overlooking how workload and administrative burdens affect fairness perceptions; second, distributive justice plays a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of fairness; third, disparity exists in the use of reward comparators with academics prioritising internal equity, while senior HR managers focus on external benchmarking. These findings highlight the need for HE institutions to narrow the perception gap between senior HR managers and academics, as addressing these differences can lead to a perceived fairer working environment within academic institutions.