Perceptions Of Athletes Research Articles

Social Media Framing of Athletes by Media Networks and the Public during the 2022 Winter Olympics

This research proposal aims to investigate the factors influencing the perception of Olympic athletes, with a specific focus on Beverly Zhu and Eileen Gu during the 2022 Winter Olympics. The study will explore how media networks frame the images and crises of these athletes on social media, as well as the impact of this framing on the general public's perceptions. By conducting a content analysis of social media posts from both sports media networks and the public, the study aims to identify patterns and correlations between media coverage and public responses. The analysis will examine the tone, content, and framing tactics used in the posts to understand how athlete images are constructed and perceived. The findings of this study will contribute to the fields of sports media and society by shedding light on the current-day influences of sports media companies on public perceptions and the framing tactics employed to shape these perceptions.

Wellness Perceptions of Female and Male Athletes Playing in Different Volleyball Leagues

Wellness Perceptions of Female and Male Athletes Playing in Different Volleyball Leagues

Implementing Interprofessional Education Into Clinical Experiences: Athletic Training Faculty Perceptions

Context Health care students must be prepared to engage in collaborative practice with one another. Because athletic training programs are preparing students to enter this collaborative world, interprofessional education (IPE) must be integrated into the curriculum. One aspect for consideration is clinical experiences, but little is known about how athletic training programs are implementing IPE during clinical education experiences. Objective To explore how professional, postbaccalaureate athletic training programs are integrating IPE from a clinical education perspective. Design Consensual qualitative research. Setting Phone interviews. Patients or Other Participants Coordinators of clinical education and program faculty who have a role in IPE implementation. A total of 17 faculty engaged in an interview regarding implementing IPE in their respective athletic training programs. Data Collection and Analysis Participants engaged in 30- to 45-minute phone interviews that were audio recorded for accuracy and transcribed verbatim. We used a consensual qualitative research approach to data analysis and developed a codebook collaboratively and continued to code using updated codebooks to ensure codes were accurate. We used member checking, internal auditing, and external auditing to ensure trustworthiness. Results Two main themes emerged from the data, with resulting subthemes for each. The theme of clinical experiences comprised four subthemes including intentional placement, assessment, linking to courses, and organic IPE. The theme of preceptor involvement includes the need for preceptor development, clear objectives, and active facilitation. We also used a frequency count to determine how many faculty indicated that IPE was currently occurring during clinical education in their programs. Conclusions As IPE continues to grow in necessity, athletic training educators should seek opportunities to allow athletic training students to learn about, from, and with other professions. Faculty will need to be intentional about these opportunities and will need to ensure preceptors are trained to integrate IPE and have clear objectives for IPE.

A Case Study Analysis of the Coach–Athlete Dyad in Different Age Grade Nonelite Rugby Union Teams

The coach–athlete dyad is complex where both parties can often have contrasting perceptions of each other. The purpose of this research was to examine coaching behaviors and perceptions of the coach–athlete relationship across different age grades of rugby football union. Coaches (n = 5) and athletes (n = 78) from three separate rugby union teams (Child, Adolescent, and Adult) had their training sessions (n = 3) analyzed using the Coach Analysis and Intervention System. Athlete perceptions of their coaches’ behaviors were measured via the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport, while coach perceptions of their relationship with their athletes were measured using the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire. Prescriptive coaching styles were observed in all coaches as Coach Analysis and Intervention System results showed high levels of explicit behaviors: “instruction,” “direct management,” and “feedback.” All coaches utilized similar time proportions within sessions for Coach Analysis and Intervention System “Practice,” “Playing,” and “Management” states, respectively. Questionnaire results revealed positive perceptions between coaches and athletes for all teams. Despite positive bidirectional relationships, the prescriptive coaching style displayed by all coaches may not align to best coaching practice. Development of a coach’s behaviors, training content, and perceptions through coach education has the potential to enhance their athletes’ sporting experience, athletic development, and sport-specific competencies.

E-스쿨 프로그램에 대한 고교 학생선수 인식

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions and perceptions of student athletes from the perspective of responsible education in the e-school program developed and operated to guarantee student athletes' academic deficits and right to study. The research method applied the case study method, and 14 student athletes in S area were finally selected using intentional sampling and convenience sampling. As a result of the study, first, the study participants were simultaneously conducting and solving the e-school program by mobilizing their families. Second, the study participants perceived the current e-school system as a public authority performed by the state with high school graduation and participation in competitions as collateral rather than educational effects. Therefore, in order to prepare for the implementation of the high school credit system, it is necessary to review a plan to reduce the scope of the school policy to elementary and middle school students subject to the current compulsory education. In addition, training (practice) should also be applied and reorganized by the current level of the physical education high school curriculum or the establishment or expansion of optional subjects(student athletes).

An examination of how and why triathlon coaches use a suite of technologies in their practice

Current literature has examined the technical aspects of triathlon, technologies used in triathlon, and coaching practice in isolation. However, what is not known, and what this research will examine for the first time, are the relationship between these elements and how they interconnect and influence each other. The study also examines how coaches decide what technology to use and why, in relation to their coaching philosophy. Seven individual 1-hour interviews were conducted via video conference with national and international triathlon coaches. The coaches ( n = 7) had varying backgrounds, including former elite-level athletes, sport science professionals, and health science graduates. Using a qualitative inductive and deductive thematic analysis, four central themes were discovered. Findings indicate that the opportunities and challenges of implementing new and emerging technologies are ongoing, with coaches not always having consistent views, levels of flexibility, or open-mindedness as to which technologies to use and why. Notably, coaches are concerned about athletes' over-reliance on technology and the data it produces, impacting the athlete's perception of their effort. We conclude that despite switching between different philosophical views of technology, coaches ultimately choose a suite of technologies based on comfort in addition to selecting tools that will enhance the performance of their athletes. Coaches also prioritise the health and well-being of their athletes and will use technology to assist in collecting data to aid in this process. Finally, coaches want athletes to stay ‘in tune’ with their inner sense of effort, and not become overly reliant on objective data.

Do Fans Care About the Activist Athlete? A Closer Look at Athlete Activism Effect on Brand Image

U.S. professional athletes increasingly have engaged in athlete activism. Such actions have elicited a wide range of responses from sport fans, calling into question whether an athlete’s activism can impact their brand image. This research explored whether attitudes toward athlete activism, activism message, activism communication style, or fan identification level affect an activist athlete’s brand image. This research utilized a 2 × 2 experimental design of activism type (safe vs. risky) and activism effort (high vs. low). A focus group determined both activism effort and activism type. Activism type did not significantly affect fans’ perception of athlete brand image, but perceived athlete attractiveness decreased when the athlete engaged in risky activism. Individuals’ attitudes toward athlete activism significantly influenced their perception of an activist athlete’s brand image. This paper fulfills an identified need to understand the effects of athlete activism on the athlete’s own brand.

Coach and athlete perceptions of half-times in high-performance rugby union

ABSTRACT Half-time (HT) is an important component of a coach’s performance strategy. Qualitative investigations of HTs within elite rugby are conspicuous by their absence in the exigent research. The aim of this study was to critically evaluate coach and player experiences of HTs in elite rugby union, and to identify effective HT strategies. This study utilised a qualitative descriptive approach, adopting an interpretivist paradigm. A purposeful sample of 16 participants (8 coaches, 8 players) engaged in a semi-structured interview. Data was subjected to thematic analysis. The creation of a calm environment, facilitated by an emotionally controlled coach, was a prerequisite to effective HTs. Player recovery and the provision of a succinct tactical and technical plan for the 2nd half, devised through a collaborative approach were also prioritised by the participants. In conclusion, participants believed that when “done well”, HT offered an important window in which to positively impact 2nd half performance.

Examining European Talent Development Environments: Athlete, Parent and Coach Perceptions

ABSTRACT Talent Development Environments (TDEs) aim to provide the appropriate conditions for youth athletes to realise their full sporting potential. How TDEs are designed and operated is therefore of great importance for the development of elite athletes. Stakeholders are vital in this process, yet their perspectives are poorly understood. This study assessed the quality of TDEs across 5 European countries, comparing athlete, parent and coach perceptions. A total of 571 athletes (Mean age = 15.2 ± 1.5 years), 759 parents and 134 coaches were recruited from TDEs across 27 sports. Participants completed the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire-5 or adapted versions. Overall, perceptions of European TDEs were positive. Coaches reported higher perceptions of TDE quality compared to athletes and parents, athletes reported marginally higher perceptions compared to parents. Across stakeholders, Long-Term Development was highest rated, followed by Communication. Support Network was lowest rated. Stakeholder perceptions varied most for the Holistic Quality Preparation subscale, highlighting perceived differences in TDE support for rounded athlete development. From an organisational perspective, identified strengths and weaknesses provide direction to coach and parent education. Practically, TDE leaders should consider how they can refine stakeholder coordination through integrating stakeholder perceptions as valuable feedback into their environment, especially for intangible factors.

Factors influencing sexual harassment behavior in sports environment: Evidence from Pakistan.

Sexual harassment (SH) in sporting environments has developed as an important field of research. However, a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting SH behavior is needed. We hypothesized how these effects appear and the scenarios in which they exist. Based on the perspectives of SH, this study aims to reveal the athletes' perceptions of SH and organizational climate (OC) impacts on SH, as well as the mediating mechanisms of low self-esteem (LSE) and the moderating role of hostile sexism (HS). Data collected from 422 female athletes in Pakistan, using random sampling and using SEM techniques analyze that these factors are responsible of increased likelihood of female athlete SH. Our results suggest that athletes' perceptions of OC positively predict SH, and OC is positively related to LSE. In addition, LSE partially mediates the positive effects of athletes' perceptions of OC on SH, where HS strengthens the perceived relationship between OC and LSE, which stimulates the SH of athletes. The overall model predictive ability was carried out by moderated mediation model. This study had deep implications for the literature. It clarified the ways that are crucial for predicting OC. Whether there are written laws on the subject, organizations are reluctant to acknowledge them, which entails developing methods of quantifying SH and creating data accessible to the public. A future study is recommended to evaluate the abuse of power concerning benevolent sexism to identify athlete perception of SH.

Coaching efficacy and coaching effectiveness in predicting athlete satisfaction: A self-other agreement framework

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between coaching efficacy (i.e. coaches’ efficacy beliefs) regarding their competence, coaching effectiveness (i.e. athlete's perception regarding their coaches’ efficacy), and the athletes’ level of satisfaction with their sport experience. As both coaches and athletes can have different evaluations of coaches’ abilities, the different perspectives of coaches and athletes can reveal the dynamics within a coach–athlete dyad. We used 380 competitive college basketball coach–player dyads to determine the differences between coaching efficacy and coaching effectiveness. Drawing on the theoretical argument from the self-other agreement framework and self-enhancement bias, we hypothesize that coaching efficacy (i.e. measured from coaches) is higher than coaching effectiveness (i.e. measured from athletes) and that coaching effectiveness can better predict athlete satisfaction than coaching efficacy. We analyze our data using Welch t-test, random coefficient modeling, and polynomial regression with response surface methodology to test our hypotheses. Our results support our hypotheses such that coaching efficacy is significantly higher than coaching effectiveness and that other-ratings have a better predictive validity for athlete satisfaction, as self-ratings (coach's efficacy belief) could be inflated by self-enhancement. Our findings on athletes’ perceptions highlight the importance of athlete-centric coaching mechanisms.

Perceptions and Interests of Senior High School Students on Petanque

Petanque characters tend to be sports requiring high accuracy, concentration, and focus. This study aimed to determine students' perceptions and interests in playing Petanque. This study uses qualitative research and data collection using interviews and questionnaires. Scores obtained from the questionnaire were then analyzed using descriptive percentages. The total sample in this study was 20 athletes from senior high school in Magelang Regency. All athletes have completed and agreed to participate by full informed consent. The perception of Petanque athletes in Magelang Regency in the Moderate category by 35%. Athletes' perceptions with the High average categories were 25%, and Low categories were 30%. The interest of petanque athletes in the Magelang Regency is in a Low category of 45%. While athletes' claim in the Very High category was 10%, the High category was 20%, and the Moderate category was 25. This study concluded that the perception of petanque athletes in Magelang Regency was included in the moderate category of 35%. At the same time, the interest level of petanque athletes in Magelang Regency is in the low category of 45%. Further research is expected to determine athletes' motivation and mentality in playing petanque.

빅데이터 분석을 통한 학생선수에 관한 개념과 속성 탐색

The purpose of this study was to verify the concept and perception of student athlete through social media big data anlaysis, and to suggest value and direction of policy and system for student athletes. The data collection period was from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022, focusing on the keyword of “student athlete” for unfiltered and unstructured text data appearing on Naver, Daum, Google, and YouTube. Textom, a big data collection and analysis solution, was used for data collection. For data analysis, frequency analysis and TF-IDF (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) analysis of text mining analysis were performed, and connection centrality and CONCOR (CONvergence of iterated CORrelations) analysis of social network analysis were performed using Textom and UCINET 6.0 program. The results of this study were as follows. First, the total amount of textual data collected through social media was 5,424 cases (2,743KB). Second, as a result of frequency and TF-IDF analysis, ‘athlete’, ‘student’, ‘student athlete’, ‘competitions’, ‘sports’ had the most in common. Third, As a result of the connection centrality analysis, centrality measures were shown in the order of athletes (374.220), students (288.441), student athletes (175.441), competitions (120.373), and exercise (99.949). Lastly, as a result of CONCOR analysis, it was categorized into seven clusters: ‘player training system’, ‘academic parallelism’, ‘identity’, ‘policy support’, ‘career / college-preparatory’, ‘research activities’, and ‘social issues’. Through these results of such big data analysis, it is possible to provide the academic basic data necessary for proposing policies and strategic directions and improvement measures necessary for the growth of student athletes.

Understanding body image perceptions of former female athletes: A qualitative analysis

Female athletes and non-athletes alike are affected by a variety of cultural factors and social comparisons that influence how they evaluate their own bodies. For female athletes, the self-evaluative process is distinctly complicated during and after their retirement transition. Grounded in social comparison theory, this study uses a phenomenological approach with semi-structured interviews. The sample consists of 20 post career NCAA female athletes. Questions focused on obtaining a more holistic understanding of their lived experiences, influences on their perceptions of body image, and how they cope and adapt in the post-retirement phase. Data were coded iteratively using thematic analysis. Findings reveal distinct challenges to this population of women from a variety of factors at the individual level (i.e., insecurities, learning through lived experience, performance empowerment, pregnancy and childbirth), institutional/community level (i.e., network outside of athletics, role of coaches, external validation), and socio-cultural level (i.e., marketed body ideals, evolution of marketing, social pressures). The data inform theoretical and practical implications to help proactively assist athletes in healthy transitions, especially in adult life stages. We argue those in positions of power have not only the potential, but also a moral obligation to cultivate supportive structures for athletes during and after their careers.

Early sport specialization in men's lacrosse: a survey of 158 professional lacrosse athletes

<h2>ABSTRACT</h2> <i>Introduction</i>: Across all youth sports, the trend of single sport specialization continues at a concerning pace and often at an increasingly younger age. <i>Objectives</i>: To determine the prevalence of youth single sport specialization among current professional lacrosse athletes. <i>Methods</i>: An online survey was distributed to each athlete of a men's professional lacrosse league. Athletes were asked if they specialized to play lacrosse at the exclusion of other sports. We analyzed the rate and age of early sport specialization, reasons for specialization, and the athlete's perceptions pertaining to this topic. <i>Results</i>: A total of 158 out of 164 athletes completed the survey, for a response rate of 96.3%. Less than one-third, (48/158 = 30.4%) of men's professional lacrosse athletes specialized to play lacrosse at the exclusion of other sports during their childhood/ adolescence. Of the athletes that did specialize, they did so at an average age of 16.5 ± 1.58 years old. Only 2.5% of professional lacrosse athletes specialized prior to the age of 13, with the majority (88.6%) of athletes classifying themselves as "multi-sport" athletes during high school. 96.8% of professional lacrosse athletes would not recommend single sport specialization to their own children. <i>Conclusion</i>: For the professional lacrosse athletes studied, single sport specialization was not necessary to achieve elite status in their sport. The majority of current professional lacrosse athletes were multi-sport athletes in high school. This study adds to the growing body of literature challenging the trend of single sport specialization among current youth athletes.

Gender bias personality perception in stereotypically gendered sport

Gender bias is a significant issue within sport and exercise; this bias can have prominent influences on performance and developmental issues. The extent of literature surrounding bias is vast. However, the cause of bias is rarely explored. The present study aimed to investigate the effect personality has on gender bias within sports; this considers the influence of personality on gender bias and the potential rationale for bias. Sixty-eight (34 male and 34 female) participants completed a Big-5 personality inventory and read two of four sports vignettes (ballet and football), either male or female vignettes; they then further completed a two Big-5 inventory questionnaires regarding the personality of the athlete in the vignette. The results indicated that individual personality traits influence the level of bias towards gender in sports. Further, they suggest that the gender of the athlete influences our perception of athletes’ personalities and the stereotypical gender of the sport they participated in.

Athlete Perceptions Of Flavored, Menthol-enhanced Energy Gels Ingested Prior To Running In The Heat

Athlete Perceptions Of Flavored, Menthol-enhanced Energy Gels Ingested Prior To Running In The Heat

Competitive Adaptive Athletes Perceptions On Able-bodied Participation In Adaptive Sports

PURPOSE: To assess the perception of able-bodied individuals participating in adaptive sports by competitive adaptive athletes. METHODS: This is a qualitative study using snowball sampling for recruitment. We surveyed 15 adaptive sports athletes, ranging from ages 18-53. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with audio recordings and subsequently transcribed. Data was analyzed for thematic patterns using Dedoose qualitative software. RESULTS: We find that adaptive sport athletes in our sample hold overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards able-bodied participation in adaptive sports. Increased awareness and inclusion of adaptive sports in the general community, and fostering positive attitudes towards the disabled community are the primarily stated reasons for the favorable view of able-bodied participants; with only one interviewee never discussing such reasons. Additionally, 80% of our sample discussed the positive recreational effects of able-bodied participation, allowing the sport to gain more recognition, participation, and bridge the divide that is created by the inherent exclusion of people with disabilities from able-bodied sports. While negative perceptions were far less discussed, the primary apprehensions adaptive sport athletes held on able-bodied participation is the “unfair advantage” able-bodied participants have over those with disabilities, with over two-thirds of our sample positing such a concern. The second largest concern, raised by 40% of our sample, was that able bodied participation in adaptive sports simply defeats the purpose of the space the disabled community has created for themselves. CONCLUSIONS: Competitive adaptive athletes overwhelmingly support the participation of able-bodied individuals in adaptive sports; however, prioritization in participation and competition should be given to adaptive athletes. In addition, adaptive athletes should be deeply involved in any effort that works to include able-bodied individuals in adaptive sports. Such a conversation prevents unequitable advantages and allows the disabled community to dictate the terms of what constitutes proper inclusion into their community.

청소년 운동선수들의 생애목표와 스포츠 행복지각의 관계에서 그릿(Grit)과 운동정체성의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to analyze structural relations among the life goals, grit, athletic identity, and sports happiness perception of adolescent athletes and also the mediating effects of grit and athletic identity between life goals and sports happiness perception. For this purpose, the investigator applied the purposive sampling method to male and female athletes in physical education and general middle and school schools around the nation and used 319 final valid samples in total in an analysis. Data was treated with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. A fitness test was conducted for the entire models and followed by the testing of hypotheses. The findings were as follows: first, orientation toward life and achievement under life goals had positive effects on the grit of adolescent athletes; secondly, grit had significant effects on their athletic identity; thirdly, athletic identity had significant impacts on their sports happiness perception; and finally, grit and athletic identity had significant mediating effects on relations between their life goals and sports happiness perception. In short, instructors in the field of sports and parents need to take a lot of interest and make much effort to help adolescent athletes have harmonious life goals before having worries over such negative outcomes as their quitting decision, stress, exhaustion, and depression.

국내 스포츠선수들의 도핑 사고방식 및 성향 분석

This study is designed to confirm differences on doping mindset and propensity considering demographic characteristic, whether to have doping education, whether to have doping punishment perception of domestic athletes. For this purpose, we selected 955 athletes as subject of study, and investigated doping mindset and propensity of athletes by using Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale as a research tool. As a result, first, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in doping education depending on age, career, national team experience, and winning experience. Second, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in punishment perception depending on age, career, national team experience, winning experience, and doping education. Third, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in PEAS depending on age and doping education. It is judged that this result can be used as useful basic data in carrying out doping prevention of domestic athletes.