Percentage Of Pregnancies Research Articles

The Impact of Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diabetes Management and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Background/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to various complications for both the mother and the child. Many factors influence the onset of the disease including GDM in a previous pregnancy, overweight and obesity, as well as the increasing age of women who become pregnant. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes management and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. We compared two groups of GDM women from the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods in terms of pregnancy course and obstetric outcomes. Results: It was observed that women with GDM in the pandemic group were significantly more often overweight and significantly less often obese before pregnancy than women in the pre-pandemic group. GDM was diagnosed significantly earlier but in later pregnancies in the pandemic group than in the pre-pandemic group. The course of pregnancy in both groups was similar and the percentage of pregnancies with the delivery of neonates > 4000 g did not differ significantly. The number of caesarean sections and spontaneous deliveries was also similar in both periods. No differences were found in anthropometric parameters in newborns and neonatal and maternal complications. Conclusions: The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of employing telemedicine tools in the medical care of women with GDM did not significantly impact diabetes management and the pregnancy outcomes achieved.

A study of the teenage population in the Portibi subdistrict of the North Padang Lawas Regency

The percentage of teenage pregnancies in Indonesia is 0.02% at the age of <15 years and 1.97% at the age of 15-19 years in Portibi sub-district, North Padang Lawas District. Adolescent mothers are known to have low exclusive breastfeeding coverage rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in adolescent mothers in Portibi sub-district, North Padang Lawas Regency. This study used a survey method with a cross-sectional design. The study population was teenage mothers who had babies aged 6-24 months in Portibi sub-district, North Padang Lawas Regency. Data collection using questionnaires. Bivariate analysis used chi square and fisher's exact test while multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The results showed 46.7% of teenage mothers provided exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed that pregnancy status (p=0.029), perceived birth experience (p=0.045), perceived breastfeeding (p=0.005), husband support (p=0.009), family support (p=0.000) were associated with exclusive breastfeeding, education level (p=0.143) and employment status (p=0.352) were not associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Multivariate analysis showed that family support (p=0.014; RP=7.637) and breastfeeding perception (p=0.015; RP=9.746) were associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Family support was the most dominant factor in exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers. Adolescent mothers who received support from their family and had a positive perception of breastfeeding had a 72.7% probability of exclusive breastfeeding.

Cancer Therapy, Gonadal Function, and Fertility Preservation: Narrative Review.

Fertility preservation was designed to help young patients overcome complications of cancer treatments, but its effectiveness is unknown. We sought to investigate how often patients with cancer are offered fertility preservation and if patients offered fertility preservation are more likely to have offspring. We searched Embase (through 2022) and PubMed (through 2022). Our broad computerized search strategy was built upon using the keywords "chemotherapy," "radiation," and "fertility." The search took place on December 1, 2022. We included randomized and observational studies and excluded reviews and case reports/series. Eighty-five articles that answered at least one of the research questions were included. Studies assessing fertoprotective therapies often rely on surrogate markers for fertility. Multiple factors affect these markers of fertility. The median premature ovarian failure rate among the intervention group was 18% (IQR, 12%-20%), and among the control group, it was 25% (IQR, 19%-33%). Five of 11 studies reported a significant benefit from fertoprotective therapy. Pregnancies occurred in a median of 21% (IQR, 6%-52%) of patients in the intervention group and 11% (IQR, 7-44) of patients in the control group, with three of seven studies reporting a higher percentage of pregnancies among the intervention group. We reviewed the literature on several questions surrounding fertility preservation and found that there is limited and low-quality research on these therapies in cancer. Hence, there is a strong need for studies, especially randomized studies, that follow patients with cancer who undergo fertility preservation and assess outcomes in which patients are most interested.

Contraceptive Method Usage Pattern and Percentage of New Pregnancies Among Adolescent and Young Adult Family Planning Patients: A Mixed-Methods Retrospective Study

ObjectivesDespite increased access to contraceptive methods (CM), the US still has the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy among industrialized nations, and adolescents from historically marginalized groups are disproportionately affected. In this study, we sought to (1) understand if differences in CM usage were associated with differential percentages of new pregnancies among adolescents and young adult patients attending a family planning (FP) clinic at an urban community practice and (2) identify areas of improvement in our FP counseling. MethodsMixed-methods study design consisting of (1) a 12-month retrospective chart review and (2) a self-answered cross-sectional survey of FP patients. Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and risk ratio were performed to analyze the percentage of new pregnancies according to CM usage. ResultsThe percentage of new pregnancies was 11 among our FP patients (N=555) during this study period. As anticipated, pregnancy was associated with no CM use, CM discontinuation, and, interestingly, multiple CM changes (p<0.001). The probability of no-pregnancy significantly decreased among patients on no method, who discontinued their CM or made multiple CM changes compared to those with continuous CM use. There was no association between the percentage of new pregnancies and any particular CM type. ConclusionDespite adequate access to FP patient services and high patient satisfaction levels, our findings indicate a need to adopt a more patient-centered approach in our FP counseling that addresses patient's reproductive life plans, preferences, and method side effects to increase CM uptake and satisfaction and decrease frequency of CM changes which is associated with increased risk of mistimed pregnancy during method switching.

Postpartum breast cancer: Analysis of factors related to pregnancy and identification of differential prognostic markers.

557 Background: Postpartum breast cancer (PPBC) has an increasing incidence. It is associated with a worse prognosis compared to other breast cancers diagnosed outside of this stage. Objectives: To study clinical and histopathological differences between PPBC (diagnosed within 10 years after delivery) and non-postpartum breast cancer (NPBC, diagnosed more than 10 years after delivery or in nulliparous). Analyze whether reproductive factors such as parity or lactation influence these characteristics. Methods: An observational, analytical and retrospective case-control study is carried out. For the first part, we consider those women with PPBC as case; healthy mothers as control. For the second part, we consider PPBC women as case; NPBC women as control. The data have been analyzed with SPSS v.22. Results: 2698 women under 45 years were recruited. 264 (9.8%) have breast cancer and 2434 (90.2%) are healthy women. The percentage of ex-smokers is higher in PPBC compared to healthy mothers (30.6% vs. 19.7%) (X2=9.632; p=0.022; SS). The proportion of women with previous gynecological pathology is higher in PPBC group than in the group of healthy mothers (48.9% vs. 25.7%) (X2=33.767; p&lt;0.001; SS). The same occurs with previous breast pathology (51.9% vs. 21.7%) (X2=62.75; p&lt;0.001; SS). Women with early PPBC (diagnosed within 5 years after delivery) have higher percentage of previous mastitis compared to the rest of groups that develop tumor beyond 5 years postpartum (20.3% vs. 3.6%) (X2=17.76; p=0.023; SS). The percentage of female pregnancies is more frequent in early PPBC (58.6%) compared to non-postpartum or late PPBC (42.4%) (X2=4.039; p=0.044; SS). The percentage of women who abruptly discontinued breastfeeding is higher in those with PPBC with 27.5% compared to healthy mothers (12.6%) (X2=18.448; p&lt;0.001; SS) (Table). PPBC has higher percentage of stages II (63.9%), the other group of NPBC is mostly diagnosed in stage I (64.9%) (X2=9.808; p=0.002; SS). We found higher elevated expression of Ki67 in early PPBC (90.1%), compared to non-postpartum cancer or late PPBC (77%) (X2=6.252; p=0.012; SS). We observe higher proportion of negative estrogen receptors in early PPBC (36.6%) compared to late PPBC or non-postpartum cancer (13.6%) (X2=9.880; p=0.002; SS). Conclusions: Postpartum breast cancer presents different clinical and histopathological characteristics, highlighting differences in early postpartum period. PPBC has worse prognosis, it constitutes a different entity. Breastfeeding abrupt interruption is associated with development of PPBC. [Table: see text]

Role of Age as a Major Determinant of Assisted Reproductive Technologies Outcome

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of age on the prediction of the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. The study included data of 1992 women who had performed ovarian stimulation according to a protocol with a gonadoliberin antagonist or a long protocol and underwent a follicular puncture. Patients were divided into four age groups, where numbers of oocytes collected, number of atretic oocytes and percentage of clinical pregnancies were evaluated. We found significantly reduced average number of oocytes collected with increase of age. In patients with poor ovarian reserve the average age is higher than in patients with good response, i.e. normal ovarian reserve. We have found clear tendency of decreased clinical pregnancy rate with the increase of women's age. In conclusion, our data show convincingly that age is a strong prognostic marker of ovarian reserve in both quantitative and qualitative terms, estimated by the clinical pregnancies achieved.

Trade-off between double cleavage-stage embryos transfer and single blastocyst-stage embryo transfer in patients with few good quality embryos in antagonist cycles: a retrospective study using a propensity score matching analysis

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the per OPU clinical outcomes for transfer of Day 3 double cleavage-stage embryos (DET) and Day 5 single blastocyst-stage (SBT) in patients with five or fewer good quality embryos on day 3 per occyte pick-up cycle (OPU) in antagonist cycles with consideration of blastocyst formation failure.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study of 2,116 cases of OPU treated with antagonist protocol in the affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University between January 2013 and December 2020. DET was performed in 1,811cycles and SBT was performed in 305 cycles. The DET group was matched to the SBT group by propensity score (PS) matching according to multiple maternal baseline covariates. After PS matching, there were 303 ET cycles in each group. The primary outcomes were the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR), cumulative multiple pregnancy rate(CMPR)per OPU and the number of ET to achieve live birth per OPU. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of clinical pregnancy(CPR), live birth rate(LBR), multiple pregnancy rate(MPR).ResultsFollowing PS mating, the CLBR was slightly higher (48.8% versus 40.3% ; P = 0.041) and the CMPR was significantly higher in the DET group compared to SBT group(44.2% versus 7.9%, P < 0.001). The CPR, LBR and MPR per fresh transfer were higher in DET group compared to SBT group(50.2% versus 28.7%; 41.3% versus 21.5%;29.6% versus 0%, P < 0.001). The number of ET to achieve live birth per OPU in SBT group was obiviously more than in DET group(1.48 ± 0.578 versus 1.22 ± 0.557 ,P < 0.001).ConclusionWith a marginal difference cumulative live birth rate, the lower live birth rate per fresh transfer and higher number of ET per OPU in the SBT group suggested that it might take longer time to achieve a live birth with single blastocyst strategy. A trade-off decision should be made between efficiency and safety.

Family Planning and Assessment of the Frequency of Exposure to Drugs Contraindicated in Pregnancies After Kidney or Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

A successful organ transplant restores gonadal function in the first months after surgery, which leads to the normalization of menstrual cycles and increases the chance of pregnancy. Recipients of organ transplants should effectively prevent pregnancy for a minimum of 1 year and optimally up to 2 years after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of unplanned pregnancies in female organ transplant recipients METHODS: A cross-sectional, single-center survey study of 46 pregnant organ recipients who were hospitalized at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In the post-transplant period, we recorded 46 patients, including 27 kidney recipients (59%) and 19 liver recipients (41%). Forty-nine respondents reported 66 pregnancies, of which 52 ended in live births (79%). Twenty of the pregnancies were not planned. In that group, 16 pregnancies ended in labor, 2 in miscarriage, and 2 in termination. In 10 of the unplanned pregnancies, the women were treated with potentially teratogenic drugs in the first trimester. The duration of the pregnancy was shorter in the group of women who had not planned their pregnancies and had conceived during potentially teratogenic therapy (30.66 ± 3.61 weeks) than in women who had planned their pregnancies (34.95 ± 4 weeks, P < .0215). Women after organ transplantation are at high risk for pregnancy complications. Therefore, conception planning is an important element of post-transplant care, especially because the percentage of unplanned pregnancies in this group remains high despite the use of potentially teratogenic drugs.

INPATIENT VS OUTPATIENTS LABOR INDUCTION : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Labor induction can take a long period, anywhere from a few hours to several days, especially in nulliparous women. Worldwide, the use of mechanical or pharmaceutical treatments for outpatient cervical ripening is becoming more and more common. Aims : This systematic review is to review the comparison of outpatient with inpatient labor induction. Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SAGEPUB, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMded database, the results of our search brought up 83 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 605 articles, our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 470 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 17 articles for PubMed, 155 articles for SAGEPUB and 122 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 8 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed, 2 of which came from SAGEPUB and 2 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included eight research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, in modern obstetrics, when labor is being induced in an increasing percentage of pregnancies, outpatient induction for low-risk women offers a safe, practical, and successful alternative to hospital induction. This is especially true in places with abundant resources. It should be given more widespread consideration.

Effects of repeated embryo flushing without PGF2α administration on luteal function, percentage of unwanted pregnancy and subsequent fertility in mares.

PGF2α is commonly given at the end of embryo flushing (EF) to shorten the interval to the next oestrus and ovulation. To determine the effect of repeated EF on plasma progesterone concentration, percentage of mares with endometritis, unwanted pregnancy and subsequent fertility in mares flushed without the use of PGF2α. Controlled experiments. Nine mares were inseminated in seven consecutive cycles (n = 63), to either perform an EF (n = 54) 7-9 days after ovulation or left pregnant (n = 9). PGF2α was not used to induce oestrus. Ultrasound examination and blood sampling were performed just before the EF and 72 h later to determine changes in progesterone concentration and signs of endometritis. The overall percentage of positive EF/pregnancy was 55.5% (30/54) and 66.7% (6/9), respectively. The likelihood of pregnancy/positive EF in the first three cycles was 55.5% (15/29). This was not different (p > 0.1) from the fertility of the last four cycles (69.4%, 25/36). In five EF cycles (9.3%), mares had signs of endometritis and early luteolysis (progesterone <2 ng/mL) 72 h after EF. The reduction in progesterone concentration by 72 h after EF was greater (p < 0.05) for Day 9 (-2.3 ± 0.7 ng/mL) than Day 7 (-1.0 ± 0.8 ng/mL) or Day 8 (-1.3 ± 1.1 ng/mL) cycles. The progesterone concentration in non-flushed mares did not vary significantly during the sampled period (Day 7-12). There were 5 cycles in which the donor mare remained pregnant after the EF, although four were from a single mare. The mare population was limited to barren and maiden mares. The cycle order and operator allocation to each EF were not randomised. EF induces a subtle, but significant reduction in progesterone concentrations compared with non-EF cycles. However, the percentage of mares with EF-induced full luteolysis is low (9.3%). The fertility of mares after repeated EF without administration of PGF2α was unaffected; however, there is a considerable risk of unwanted pregnancy (5/27 = 18.5%) in donors from which an embryo was not recovered.

Fluoroscopic-guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulation results in high technical success and pregnancy rates comparable with the more traditional laparoscopically guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulation

To compare women with proximal tubal obstruction (PTO) undergoing hysteroscopic tubal cannulation with fluoroscopic guidance vs. laparoscopic guidance. Retrospective cohort study. All fluoroscopically-guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulations were performed in an ambulatory suite. All laparoscopically-guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulations were performed in a hospital operating room. Infertile women with unilateral or bilateral PTO on hysterosalpingography who failed selective salpingography in the radiology suite and had a planned laparoscopy or hysteroscopy in the operating room for defects seen on sonohysterography were studied. All women had a Novy catheter system positioned hysteroscopically to cannulate the occluded fallopian tube(s). Women undergoing fluoroscopically guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulation (FHTC), which used contrast and C-arm pelvic imaging at an ambulatory center, were compared with those undergoing hospital-based laparoscopically guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulation (LHTC) with laparoscopic visualization. Tubal cannulation success; bilateral cannulation success; tubal perforations; post-FHTC non-in vitro fertilization (non-IVF) intrauterine pregnancies; days from procedure to pregnancy for non-IVF intrauterine pregnancies; and time to non-IVF pregnancy hazards ratio. A total of 76 infertile women undergoing either FHTC (34 women) or LHTC (42 women) between 2015 and 2019 were included. Demographic variables were similar among the 2 groups. A total of 31 (92%) of 34 of patients undergoing FHTC and 36 (86%) of 42 of patients undergoing LHTC had at least one tube successfully cannulated. In total, 30 (78%) of 34 of patients undergoing FHTC and 32 (79%) of 42 patients undergoing LHTC had all occluded tubes successfully cannulated. Tubal perforation occurred in 1 (3%) of 34 FHTC cases and 3 (7%) of 42 LHTC cases. A similar percentage of non-IVF treatment-induced intrauterine pregnancies were achieved in the FHTC and LHTC groups (10/34 [29%] vs. 12/42 [29%]). Among patients who conceived without IVF, time from procedure to pregnancy was lower in the FHTC group (101 ± 124.6 days) compared with the LHTC group (228 ± 216 days). There was a significant difference in time to pregnancy when only those who conceived were considered (hazard ratio, 9.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.42-36.51); however, there was no significant difference when all subjects regardless of pregnancy outcome were analyzed (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-3.446). Fluoroscopically guided hysteroscopic tubal cannulation is a safe, effective, incision free procedure that results in comparable rates of tubal patency and intrauterine pregnancies as LHTC. This technique should be considered in women undergoing treatment of PTO when operative laparoscopy is not otherwise indicated.

IMPACT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, LIVER FUNCTION, RENAL FUNCTION, AND LIPID PROFILE IN ANTENATAL WOMEN AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which glucose intolerance is first recognized during pregnancy. It affects a substantial percentage of pregnancies globally, with a significant prevalence in India. Iron supplementation is often recommended to prevent anemia, but caution is advised in GDM due to the potential inflammatory effects. Elevated hemoglobin (Hb) levels, associated with excess iron, may increase the risk of GDM. This study aims to investigate the differences in Hb and various other blood parameters between controlled and uncontrolled GDM mothers attending antenatal OPD for a regular check-up. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 women diagnosed with GDM at a tertiary care hospital in Western Tamil Nadu after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from the participants. Routine blood investigations, like a complete hemogram, HbA1C, renal and liver function tests, and lipid profiles, were recorded. Participants were categorized based on HbA1C values (&lt;6.5 as normal, &gt;6.5 as abnormal). Differences in blood parameters between the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: The study found no significant differences in age, weight, height, or BMI between the controlled and uncontrolled GDM groups. Mean HbA1c levels were 5.58±0.41 and 6.98±1.23 in controlled and uncontrolled GDM groups, respectively. Comparing hematological parameters, the controlled GDM group exhibited higher mean red blood cell (RBC) levels (4.6±0.69 vs. 4.12±0.92) but lower Hb levels (12.25±2.26 vs. 11.01±3.59) than the uncontrolled GDM group. There were no significant differences in platelet, lymphocyte, and MCH levels. Urea, triglycerides, and globulin levels were higher in the uncontrolled GDM group, but all values remained within normal limits. Conclusion: Elevated Hb levels were associated with uncontrolled GDM, indicating a potential risk factor. The study underscores the importance of monitoring iron levels in GDM patients. In addition, heightened white blood cell counts and altered hematological parameters suggest an inflammatory component in uncontrolled GDM. Further research is warranted to explore these associations and their clinical implications for managing GDM effectively.

The effects of synbiotic supplementation on blood pressure and other maternal outcomes in pregnant mothers with mild preeclampsia: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial

IntroductionPreeclampsia affects a significant percentage of pregnancies which is a leading cause of premature birth. Probiotics have the potential to affect inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, which are linked to the development of preeclampsia. The study aimed to compare the effect of synbiotic and placebo on blood pressure and pregnancy duration as primary outcomes, and other pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis study comprised 128 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and gestational ages exceeding 24 weeks who were referred to the high-risk pregnancy clinic. It was a randomized, controlled, phase III, triple-blinded clinical experiment. The intervention and control groups were distributed to the participants at random. Intervention group received one oral synbiotic capsule, and control group received placebo daily until delivery. Based on gestational age at the time of diagnosis, preeclampsia was stratificated as early (< 34 weeks) or late (≥ 34 weeks). Data obtained from questionnaires, and biochemical serum factors were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 software.ResultsWith the exception of the history of taking vitamin D3, there were no statistically significant variations in socio-demographic variables between the research groups. After the intervention, the means of systolic blood pressure (adjusted mean difference: -13.54, 95% CI: -5.01 to -22.07), and diastolic blood pressure (adjusted mean difference: -10.30, 95% CI: -4.70 to -15.90) were significantly lower in the synbiotic-supplemented group than in the placebo group. Compared to the placebo group, the incidence of severe PE (p < 0.001), proteinuria (p = 0.044), and mean serum creatinine level (p = 0.005) significantly declined in the synbiotic-supplemented group after the intervention. However, our analysis found no significant association for other outcomes.ConclusionBased on our results, synbiotic had beneficial effects on some pregnancy outcomes. Further studies with larger samples are needed to verify the advantages of synbiotic supplementation for high-risk pregnancies, particularly with regards to higher doses, and longer intervention periods.Trial registrationIRCT20110606006709N20.

Parâmetros genéticos da produção in vitro de embriões das raças Nelore e Senepol

Abstract This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for traits of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) of Nellore and Senepol cattle. Data from 1,247 rounds of in vitro fertilization (1,029 Nellore, 218 Senepol) were used, totaling 148,311 oocytes (116,972 Nellore, 31,339 Senepol), 47,301 embryos (38,722 Nellore, 8,579 Senepol), and 6,323 pregnancies (5,534 Nellore, 789 Senepol). The variables percentage of viable oocytes (Pooc), percentage of cleaved embryos (Pcleav), percentage of produced embryos (Pemb), percentage of pregnancy (Ppreg) per round per bull, mean number of viable oocytes per donor (MOD), mean number of embryos produced per donor (MED), and mean number of pregnancies per donor (MPD) were analyzed from data provided by a partner company between the years 2019 and 2022. The SAS program was used to analyze fixed effects and Pearson linear correlation. The components of variance for heritabilities were calculated using the MTDFREML program. MOD, MED, and MPD values of 29.94, 10.01, and 2.53 were obtained for Nellore and 30.12, 8.17, and 2.34 for Senepol, respectively. In general, Nellore provided better embryo production compared to Senepol. Heritability estimates showed low to medium magnitude, with values Nellore and Senepol of 0.16 and 0.04 (Pcleav), 0.14 and 0.08 (Pemb), 0.02 and 0.15 (Ppreg), 0.07 and 0.02 (MED), and 0.05 and 0.00 (MPD), respectively. However, it indicates the presence of genetic variability and the possibility of selection. Therefore, there is genetic variability for IVEP traits in both breeds, indicating that they can be used as selection criteria because they are heritable and that Nellore presents better performance for IVEP traits compared to Senepol.

Antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden: A nationwide utilization study covering 2007-2019.

Antibiotics are often prescribed during pregnancy. Assessing the current state of prenatal antibiotic use is therefore imperative for optimizing prescribing and identifying emerging research priorities. The study aimed to describe recent trends and patterns in antibiotic use during pregnancy among women who gave birth in Sweden, including user characteristics. Population-based descriptive study using linked nationwide registers. All pregnancies delivered in Sweden from 2007 to 2019 were included. Prevalence of use was defined as the percentage of pregnancies during which at least one prescription forantibiotics was filled. Temporal trends in the prevalence of antibiotic use by calendar year, trimester and weeks of gestation were assessed from time series graphs. Prescriptions for systemic antibiotics were filled in 20.7% of 1 434 431 pregnancies overall, decreasing from 24.7% in 2007 to 18.0% in 2019. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (8.5%), pivmecillinam (6.5%), nitrofurantoin (4.7%), amoxicillin (1.6%) and cefadroxil (1.5%) use were the most prevalent. Their use decreased over the 13-year period, except for pivmecillinam, which increased from 4.0% to 7.4%. Prevalence of use was highest in the second trimester (9.5%), with weekly trends peaking at 13 and 34 weeks of gestation. Compared with non-users, antibiotic users more often belonged to the youngest and oldest age strata, carried multipleton pregnancies, had delivered before, had attained a lower education level and smoked in early pregnancy. A higher body mass index, asthma, chronic renal disease and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent among antibiotic users than among non-users. Although outpatient antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden has been declining, one in five pregnancies was exposed to systemic antibiotics.

The Reproductive Performance of Local Sheep Following Induced Superovulation With Cattle Hypophisa Extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pituitary extract on estrous characteristics and the percentage of pregnancy in sheep. This study used a sample of 18 individuals. This study used 3 treatments 6 replications. The treatment used was the control treatment by giving 1 ml of PGF2α. Treatment 1 is by administering 1 ml of PGF2α, 1;0.5;0.25 ml of pituitary extract and 1 ml of PGF2α. Treatment 2 is by administering 1 ml of PGF2α, 2;1;0.5 ml of pituitary extract and 1 ml of PGF2α. The results showed that there was a very significant difference in the use of pituitary extract, this could affect the onset of estrus 0.00 (P&lt;0.01), and there was also a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the intensity of estrus.

The Effect of Long-Term Contraceptive Method Education on Increasing the Number of Acceptors in Women Workers in Oil Palm Plantations

Background: Strengthening family planning program services by delaying or reducing the percentage of pregnancies for couples of childbearing age, namely by using Long Term Contraceptive Methods that are more effective and efficient for the purpose of spacing births for more than three years or terminating pregnancies in couples who no longer wish to have more children. But unfortunately this contraceptive method is less desirable, especially for working women in oil palm plantations. One of the factors that affect the low number of users is a lack of communication, information and education. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Long Term Contraceptive Method education on increasing the number of acceptors of female workers in oil palm plantations. Method: Quasi-experimental research with a one group pre and post test design. The population is all WUS who work at PT. Mustika Sembuluh East Kotawaringin Regency numbered 556 people. The sample in this study were 40 respondents with inclusion criteria and purposive sampling which would be divided into 4 small groups. Data analysis used the McNemar test. Result: this study found that before the intervention only a small proportion chose the Long-Term Contraceptive Method, namely 11 respondents (27.5%) and after the intervention increased to 25 respondents (62.5%) with a significant difference p&lt;0.001. Conclusion: Providing education is significant in improving Long-Term Contraceptive Methods.

Achievement of Artificial Insemination Performances in Bali Province

Increasing the beef cattle population and its productivity can be done by optimizing the implementation of Artificial Insemination (AI) technology. This research aims to determine the achievement of Artificial Insemination performances in Bali Province, using reported data of the Sikomandan program implementation from each district to the Department of Agriculture and Food Security Service in Bali Province. The report obtained was taken from Insikhnas including data on AI targets, AI realization, NRR (PKB), CR (pregnancy), and CvR (births) from 2019 to 2022. The parameters observed were the percentage achievement of AI realization from the set target, the percentage of PKB, pregnancy, and births from AI realization in all districts and cities in Bali Province. The calculation results of all these parameters were then analyzed descriptive qualitatively. The results of this research show that the achievement of AI realization in Bali Province was very good with an average achievement of above 100%, namely ranging from 87.5% to 151.11%. The NRR value shown by the number of successful PKBs carried out from 2019 to 2022 was namely 78.32%, 63.35%, 71.29%, and 16.2% while the CR was 57.28%, 35.48%, 34.55%, and 55.89 respectively. The AI indicator that determines the increasing population was the number of calves that harvested successfully (CvR) was 49.55% (2019), 69.10% (2020), 34.55% (2021), and 55.89% (2022).

Caesarean Section for Orthopedic Indications

Background: The increasing number of late complications described after cesarean sections is prompting a reexamination of the indications for them in pregnant women. The high percentage of pregnancies terminated by preventive cesarean section for non-obstetric reasons also largely involves orthopedic conditions. A challenge for obstetricians is pregnant patients with orthopedic conditions both before and during pregnancy. Pregnant women with a history of orthopedic surgery require special attention. The lack of consensus in this area, physicians’ fear of patients’ claims and the skewing of patients’ requests for surgical termination of pregnancy have prompted an analysis and systematization of existing knowledge in this field. Methods: References published up to 30 June 2023 in five databases Pubmed, Embase are included. Keywords have been checked for the following: pubic symphysis diastasis, lumbar disc herniation, past hip arthroplasty and fractures in the pelvic bones. In the described conditions complicating pregnancy, the mode of delivery was taken into account. Results: All included studies were screened and reviewed by at least two authors until an overall consensus of 50 articles was reached. Conclusions: Orthopedic indications for cesarean section in many cases should not be treated imperatively, since natural delivery after correct fusion of a pelvic fracture, implantation of a hip endoprosthesis or a limited dissection of the pubic symphysis is possible and is not associated with a higher risk of obstetric or orthopedic complications. Extra-obstetric indications for cesarean section should be determined individually for each pregnant woman in a multidisciplinary team, since orthopedic conditions may overlap with obstetric pathology in the pelvis.

Pregnancy outcome in long- versus short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist cycles in participants with normal ovarian reserve: An RCT.

There is no agreement on which of the 2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols are the most efficient, neither there is any consensus on which one yields a better clinical pregnancy percentage. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of reduced dosages of long- and short-acting GnRH agonists on pregnancy outcomes. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 400 women were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 200/group): the reduced dosage of long-acting GnRH agonist group (group 1, 1.25 mg Decapeptyl) and the short-acting GnRH agonist group (group 2, 0.5 mg/day Buserelin Acetate). The study was conducted at Mehr Medical Institute, Rasht, Iran between July 2019 and July 2020. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy were compared between groups. No significant differences were observed in the endometrial lining, the total number of retrieved and metaphase-II oocytes, progesterone, and serum estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin day, fertilization rate, and top-quality embryos between the groups. The duration of induction (10.8 1.7 vs. 10 2.1, p 0.001) and the total dosage of gonadotropins (2939.4 945.9 vs. 2441 1247.1, p 0.001) were significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of implantation rate, chemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. A higher percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was observed in group 2 (p = 0.005). Due to a lower percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in group 1 and similar assisted reproductive technology outcomes in both groups, the long protocol was found to be superior to the short protocol.