Percent Of Nurses Research Articles

Terminological Usage Related to Dyspnea by Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey.

In recent years, additional expressions such as ‘sensation of breathing discomfort’ and ‘discomfort of dyspnea’ are being used in daily nursing care in Japan. To better understand the current status of the use of these terms by nurses, and to ascertain what the term ‘dyspnea’ may not express, we designed an original questionnaire and conducted a study with all nurses at our hospital. The questionnaire included questions to determine if nurses used these terms, and in what context. Of the 279 nurses in our hospital, 225 (80.6%) responded. Three-quarters of nurses indicated that they use these terms in clinical nursing practice. There was no difference in the usage of these terms between nurses who had or had not worked in a respiratory outpatients/ward. However, the percentage of nurses using these terms was higher amongst those with 10 years or less nursing experience compared with those with more than 10 years’ experience. Open-ended questions revealed that these terms were used to communicate information between nurses and between nurses and patients’ families. Our observations need to be verified in large-scale studies to determine if these terms are meaningful for nursing practice in that they describe something not expressed with ‘dyspnea’. There is the possibility of confusion due to the use of inappropriate terms and a lack of education on the subject. Many nurses used these terms, and there may be things that the term ‘dyspnea’ could not express. The results of this study can be used to identify something that is lacking in communication about dyspnea between nurses, nurses and patients, and nurses and patients’ families.

KNOWLEDGE AND CARE PRACTICE OF NURSES OF INTENSIVE CARE UNITS REGARDING ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and care practice of nurses in the care of patients with acute kidney injury in an intensive care unit. Method: cross-sectional study with 136 nurses from seven large public hospitals. Knowledge was measured by a questionnaire with 25 objective questions; and care practice, by a checklist with 15 questions. The instrument was created for this research and evaluated by judges regarding reliability, criterion and construct. Correlation tests, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used for data analysis. Results: the percentage of nurses' knowledge about acute kidney injury was 44.96%. The questions with the highest rates of correct answers dealt with nursing care. The percentage of execution of the practice was 47.54%. The most complete care was: applies protocol if the patient becomes hypotensive (89.7%); and checks skin condition, respiratory pattern and peripheral perfusion in complications (88.2%). Regarding professional data, it was observed that having a specialization in intensive care (p=0.034) and attending nephrology in specialization (p=0.030) were determining factors for greater knowledge, while specialization in intensive care (p=0.019) was a determining factor for practice. Conclusion: nurses obtained inadequate knowledge and care practice. It was observed that professionals with specialization in intensive care who attended a discipline or training in the area of nephrology showed better knowledge and care practices, when compared to those who did not. These data contribute to the construction of institutional policies that prioritize permanent education strategies in intensive care units.

Perceptions of preparedness for nursing practice using a preceptorship model

Nursing graduates need to be “real world ready”, and able to meet the demands of the healthcare workforce. Research indicates that baccalaureate graduates have adequate theoretical base, but often lack competence in the clinical setting. Preceptorship programs are an effective way of developing clinical competence in the nursing student. The purpose of this study was to compare a traditional senior clinical course to a preceptorship model on students, faculty, and nurses’ perceptions of student preparedness for the nursing role. A formal preceptorship program with the support of a clinical nurse faculty member was developed to enhance the success of clinical nursing education. A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent groups was used to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a preceptorship model for senior nursing students comparing the students’, the faculty, and the nurses’ perceptions of the students’ preparedness for clinical practice after a traditional clinical and a preceptor clinical experience. The sample consisted of the fall 2017 senior semester cohort and the spring 2018 senior semester cohort, senior faculty who taught in those semesters, and nurses at the participating facilities. Overall, findings did not show a statistically significant difference between the traditional cohorts and the precepted cohorts; however, there is evidence of clinical significance. After implementation of the preceptorship model, there was an increase in the percent of nurses (100%), faculty (100%), and students (95%) who felt that the senior nursing students were ready for the professional role of a registered nurse.

The precarization of the Mexican nursing labor market: a repeated cross-sectional analysis for the period 2005\u20132018

BackgroundPrecarization of labor conditions has been expanding over the last three decades as a consequence of global economic transformations. The health workforce labor market is exposed to these transformations as well. In Mexico, analyses of the nursing labor market have documented high levels of unemployment and underemployment; however, precarization has been not considered as a relevant indicator in these analyses. In this study, precarization is analyzed using a quantitative approach to show its prevalence and geographic distribution between 2005 and 2018.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study was carried out with data from the population-based National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE in Spanish) which is administered quarterly to people 15 years or older in over 120 000 households. All individuals who reported having nursing training (technical or university level) were selected for this study. Our main variable was labor precariousness, which included three dimensions: (i) economic, (ii) regulatory, and (iii) occupational safety. We show the evolution of the relative weight of nursing activity between the years 2005 and 2018, the main socio-demographic characteristics of nurses as well as their main labor conditions, and the geographic distribution of precariousness for the 32 federal states in México.ResultsFour of the five indicators of labor precariousness increased among the group of nurses analyzed: (a) the percentage of people with no written contract, (b) the percentage of people with incomes lower than two times the minimum wage, (c) the percentage of nurses without social security, and (d) the percentage of nurses without social benefits. The percentage of nurses that work under some condition of work precariousness increased from 46% in 2005–2006 to 54% in 2018. Finally, the number of states with high precariousness level increased from seven in 2005–2006 to 17 in 2018.ConclusionsThroughout Mexico, nursing precariousness has expanded reaching 53% by 2018. The advancement of precarization of nursing jobs implies a reduction in the capacity of the Mexican health system to reach its coverage and care goals as nurses represent 52% of all available workers that provide direct services to the population.

School Nurse Cultural Competency Development Using the National CLAS Standards: A Quality Improvement Project

As numbers of culturally diverse students rise, struggles with language, cultural differences, and health care create challenges for school nurses. The focus of this quality improvement project was to utilize the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) as a framework to initiate cultural competency development among school nurses. Eighteen public school nurses attended programming that began with the webinar "CLAS is in Session," an introduction to the standards as applicable to school nursing practice. Outcome measures included self-report of cultural awareness and sensitivity (CAS) and culturally competent behaviors (CCB). A greater percentage of nurses reported feeling "somewhat competent" after program completion, though CAS and CCB scores did not significantly change. Despite lack of measurable improvement in CCB, implementation of the CLAS Standards created an important starting point for CC programming.

FACTORS AFFECTING JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES WORKING IN TEACHING HOSPITAL, CHITWAN, NEPAL

Background: Job satisfaction is a major factor in nurse retention and the delivery of high quality care. Hence, aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting job satisfaction among nurses working in the teaching hospital, Chitwan.
 Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used and a total 135 nurses who were working for at least 3 months in the Chitwan Medical Teaching Hospital were taken as study sample. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the desired sample. Pre-tested structured self-administered questionniare with job satisfaction scale consisting eight domains was used to collect the data. Obtained data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for window and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-square test).
 Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (57.85%) of the nurses were satisfied with their job. Nurses’ job satisfaction was higher on organization and administration policies (4.18±0.04) and least on salary and benefits (3.01±0.19) they were receiving from the institution. The significance influencing factors of job satisfaction were professional qualification (p=0.04), total work experience in nursing (p=0.004), working ward/unit (p=0.014), designation (p=0.007), number of patient assigned in general ward (p=<0.001) and leadership style in the ward (p=<0.001).
 Conclusion: Considerable percentage of nurses is not satisfied with their job. Hence hospital management and professional associations need to address the identified factors to enhance the job satisfaction among nurses working in a teaching hospital.

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction among Nurses Working in Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

Background: Job satisfaction is a major factor in nurse retention and the de­livery of high quality care. Hence, aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting job satisfaction among nurses working in the teaching hospital, Chit­wan.
 Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used and a total 135 nurses who were working for at least 3 months in the Chitwan Medical Teaching Hospital were taken as study sample. Simple random sampling tech­nique was used to select the desired sample. Pre-tested structured self-admi­nistered questionniare with job satisfaction scale consisting eight domains was used to collect the data. Obtained data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for window and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-square test).
 Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (57.85%) of the nurses were satisfied with their job. Nurses’ job satisfaction was higher on organization and administration policies (4.18±0.04) and least on salary and benefits (3.01±0.19) they were receiving from the institution. The significance influencing factors of job satisfaction were professional qualification (p=0.04), total work experience in nursing (p=0.004), working ward/unit (p=0.014), des­ignation (p=0.007), number of patient assigned in general ward (p=<0.001) and leadership style in the ward (p=<0.001).
 Conclusions: Considerable percentage of nurses are not satisfied with their job. Hence hospital management and professional associations need to ad­dress the identified factors to enhance the job satisfaction among nurses work­ing in a teaching hospital.

Nurses' and midwives' experiences of providing group antenatal and postnatal care at 18 health centers in Rwanda: A mixed methods study.

BackgroundThe East Africa Preterm Birth Initiative-Rwanda began a cluster randomized controlled trial of group antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) in Rwanda in 2017. That trial will report its primary outcome, gestational length at birth, after data collection concludes in 2019. This nested study includes providers of ANC and/or PNC at the 18 health centers randomized to provide the group model of ANC/PNC and the 18 health centers randomized to continue providing ANC/PNC in the traditional, individual visit model. The objective of this study is to understand the experiences of providers of group ANC/PNC and compare their job satisfaction and perceived stress with individual ANC/PNC providers.MethodsWe collected both quantitative and qualitative data from providers (nurses and midwives) who were recruited by health center directors to participate as group ANC and PNC facilitators at intervention sites and from a similar number of providers of standard ANC and PNC at control sites. Quantitative data was collected with questionnaires administered at baseline and approximately 9 months later (follow up). Qualitative data was collected in 3 focus groups of group ANC/PNC providers conducted one year after group care began.ResultsEighty-six percent of nurses and midwives surveyed who implemented group ANC and PNC reported that they prefer group care to the traditional individual model of ANC and PNC. Perceived stress levels and job satisfaction results were similar between groups. Mixed focus group discussions among both nurses and midwives experienced in group ANC and PNC suggest that the group model of care has advantages for both service beneficiaries and providers. When providers described implementation challenges, their peers in the focus groups offered them suggestions to cope and improve service delivery.DiscussionThese results are consistent with studies of providers of group ANC and PNC in other LMIC contexts with respect to the perceived benefits of group care. This study adds new insights into the ways peer providers can help one another solve implementation problems. When given the opportunity to meet as a group, these study participants offered one another peer support and shared knowledge about best practices for successful implementation of group ANC/PNC.This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03154177.

Role of Nurses in Health Needs of Refugees and Internally Displaced Peoples

Background and objectives: Nurses working in refugee camps face to high basic health needs of these populations requiring a nursing role in this situation. The aim of this study was to explore the role of nurses in addressing the basic health needs of refugees and internally displaced peoples.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 nurses from 26 camps in Duhok governorate/Iraqi Kurdistan were invited to participate in the study between September 15th and November 25th, 2017. Data was collected through the direct interview (investigator-administered self-reported technique) with the participants. The findings of the study were presented in descriptive statistics.Results: The mean age of nurses was 29.10 years old. The nurses participated in activities such as infection control activities (78.3%), health education campaigns (92.5%), breastfeeding education (84.2%), and nursing health care services (94.2%). Board of Relief and Humanitarian Affairs is a governmental body within the structure of Duhok governorate and is a key agent of basic needs of refugees.Conclusions: The study documented that a considerable percentage of nurses have participated in the nursing-based activities in refugee camps.

Job insecurity, fear of litigation, and mental health among expatriate nurses

The objective was to assess whether job insecurity and fear of litigation were correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress among expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. The participants included 977 expatriate nurses working in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia who completed an online survey that assessed depression, anxiety, and stress (using DASS-21) as well as demography, lifestyle, and job characteristics. Mean age was 32 years and 60% of nurses were from India/Pakistan. Twenty-four percent of nurses reported job insecurity, and 18% reported a fear of litigation. Severe depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher among nurses who always felt insecure about their job (compared to never) and among those who always feared litigation (compared to never). We concluded that job insecurity and fear of litigation were significant correlates of severe depression, anxiety, and stress among expatriate nurses.

ASSESSMENT OF CARE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES AMONGNURSES FOR HYPERTENSION PREGNANT WOMAN WITH GESTATIONAL

Background: Gestational hypertension is one of the most common disorders seen in human pregnancies.Aim:to assess the care provided for pregnant women with gestational hypertension during labor. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women with gestational hypertension and 120 nurse in the labor ward of the obstetrics department at Zagazig University Hospital. Tools: A structured interview schedule, observational checklist and labor outcomes sheet. Results: The current study showed that the majority of nurses had adequate knowledge and more than half of them had adequate scores regarding care provided for women with gestational hypertension during labor.Conclusion: The present study concluded that, higher percentage of nurses had adequate knowledge regarding the care provided for women with gestational hypertension. Additionally, more than half of them had inadequate practices regarding care provided for women with gestational hypertension during labor. Regarding labor outcomes, nearly three-quarters of women were delivered vaginally and two-thirds of neonate did not admit to neonatal intensive care unit with adequate nursing care. Recommendations: developing standardized care guidelines for intrapartum nursing care for women with gestational hypertension.

Pain Assessment: Use of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale in Patients With Cancer.

Thorough, consistent pain assessment and reassessment are critical to guide and evaluate interventions designed to improve pain. Based on a literature review about functional pain assessment, clinicians selected and then implemented the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) as a pain assessment instrument option in a comprehensive cancer center. The DVPRS was added as a pain assessment instrument in clinical oncology practice. From postimplementation chart review and clinician satisfaction surveys, the DVPRS was evaluated for the following. Seventy-eight percent of nurses surveyed (N = 64) preferred the DVPRS over any other pain assessment tool. Inpatient and ambulatory patients surveyed (N = 144) agreed that a Likert-type scale in the DVPRS was easier to understand, easier to use, and better in describing their pain than the numeric rating scale.

Evaluations of Stress Level Caused by Fear of Exposure to Needle stick Injury among Nurses: A cross-sectional study

Needlestick injury is one of the significant stress-leading causes among nurses in healthcare settings. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the level of stress caused by fear of needlestick injury exposure among nurses working at Sohag University Hospital. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with on 178 nurses from different Sohag University Hospital departments using two tools, demographic and needlestick information tool and stress level tool. Results: About seventy percent of nurses from a variety of units in Sohag University Hospital suffered from severe stress of exposure to needlestick injuries and indicated that they have been actually exposed to prickle in the preceding two months. Majority of injuries occurred in the morning shift at ICU, surgical, medical and their belonging subspecialties departments by syringes needles, IV devices and medical scalpels. The respondents graduated from Secondary School of Nursing were the most common were highly exposed to needlestick injuries, and were planning to leave the clinical nursing procedures or their changed career categorically. A significant percent of nurses preferred not to report official authorities on needlestick injuries for these reasons, busy job, no possibility of infection from needlestick, and no way to communicate with officials. The most common procedures for needlestick injuries occur among nurses was during recapping of needles, preparing and giving drugs and most of them did not perform any serological tests after injuries occurred. In addition, the current study shows that the high percent of nurses washed the injured place by the running water and soap, they used the disinfectants material to clean the injury site and put a dressing on the wound, and the most common sites of injury were the hands and fingers, and it occurred once or twice. There was a statistical significant correlation among needlestick injuries and educational level, departments, leaving of specific clinical nursing procedures and level of stress while no statistically significant relation is found between the previous training and needlestick. Conclusion & Recommendations: Exposure to needlestick injuries may cause severe stress among the nursing staff. Appropriate training and awareness should be given regularly to the nurses to ameliorate skills to deal with needlestick injuries during their nursing curriculum and continue after graduation to help reduce stress among nurses.

Improvement of safe injection practices among nurses in Zagazig University Hospitals

Aim of the work: this study aimed to detect assessment of injection practice using WHO safe injection tool then implantation of education program and post intervention evaluation. Methods: this study was anon randomized intervention study performed in Zagazig University Hospitals and targeting nurses , 700 observation before and 700 observation after intervention starting by evaluation of injection practice using WHO safe injection tool then training on safe injection practice applied for nurse staff then post training evaluation of practice. Results: hand hygiene soap and alcohol rub was available in hospitals sitting in 80%,85% of observation and after intervention increased up to 95% and98% with a significant difference. Safety boxes were available for sharp disposal before intervention and become 100% available after intervention. Hospital supply 100% percent single use syringes for each patient, but the problem was for drug administration process due to deficient in cleaning of drug preparation area 88% of pre intervention observation, but practice improved to 98% after intervention with a significant difference; sharp disposal practice was improved after intervention up to 98% with significant difference. 67% of observation used non touch technique and changed to 95% after intervention with high significant difference .Vaccination coverage reached 100% after intervention and percent of nurses who received training on safe injection was 45% increased to 100% after intervention, also post needle stick injury counseling was 57% reached 100%after intervention. Conclusions: training and education of nursing staff on safe injection practice was crucial for improvement of safe injection practice and improved both staff and patient safety.

Improvement of safe injection practices among nurses in Zagazig University Hospitals

Aim of the work: this study aimed to detect assessment of injection practice using WHO safe injection tool then implantation of education program and post intervention evaluation. Methods: this study was anon randomized intervention study performed in Zagazig University Hospitals and targeting nurses , 700 observation before and 700 observation after intervention starting by evaluation of injection practice using WHO safe injection tool then training on safe injection practice applied for nurse staff then post training evaluation of practice. Results: hand hygiene soap and alcohol rub was available in hospitals sitting in 80%,85% of observation and after intervention increased up to 95% and98% with a significant difference. Safety boxes were available for sharp disposal before intervention and become 100% available after intervention. Hospital supply 100% percent single use syringes for each patient, but the problem was for drug administration process due to deficient in cleaning of drug preparation area 88% of pre intervention observation, but practice improved to 98% after intervention with a significant difference; sharp disposal practice was improved after intervention up to 98% with significant difference. 67% of observation used non touch technique and changed to 95% after intervention with high significant difference .Vaccination coverage reached 100% after intervention and percent of nurses who received training on safe injection was 45% increased to 100% after intervention, also post needle stick injury counseling was 57% reached 100%after intervention. Conclusions: training and education of nursing staff on safe injection practice was crucial for improvement of safe injection practice and improved both staff and patient safety.

Factors influencing nurses' willingness to lead.

To identify factors influencing nurses' willingness to lead. Given the ageing workforce and the projected retirement of nurse leaders, there is a concern about nursing leadership shortages in the next decade. Several studies have shown that nurses are not interested in pursuing leadership positions, but studies investigating nurses' willingness to lead and related predictors remain limited. A workforce survey of 1,201 direct-care nurses was conducted in Oregon. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors influencing the likelihood of nurses' willingness to lead. Fifty-three percent of nurses were willing to pursue leadership roles. Years of experience, job burnout, the perception of the work environment, adequacy of leadership preparation, and the amount of salary and compensation were significant predictors of nurses' willingness to lead. Increasing nurses' participation in hospital affairs and providing adequate leadership preparation, parts of the work environment, prior to engaging them in leadership roles is recommended to improve their attitudes about leading. Recruitment of future nursing leaders should not be based solely on demographics such as age and gender. Rather, recruiters should focus on creating more favourable work environments in which to lead.

Assessment of Nurse’s Knowledge About Glasgow Coma Scale at al Dhafra Hospitals, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 2018

Background: The most important assessment in the neurological examination is to assess the level of consciousness (LOC), which is considered as the first step in neurological examination. Detecting the changes in level of consciousness depends on the accuracy of nursing assessment. The nurses should be knowledgeable, confident, and quick in performing this task. Purpose: of this study is to assess UAE nurses’ knowledge about GCS working in Al Dhafer Hospitals, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Dhafra hospitals, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates in April 2018. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Eighty-five nurses met the inclusion criteria, the survey was sent to 165 nurses (Respondent rate 51%). Data collection was carried out using a survey monkey instru¬ment called “Glasgow Coma Scale”. Data coding, entry and analysis has been conducted using SPSS 20 software. The difference has been tested at 95% level of significance, and the difference that has P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study revealed that the knowledge percentages mean of correct answers about GCS is 56.1 % {SD: ±11.7; 95% CI: [26.67-100]}. On the other hand, it revealed also that the percentages of nurses who have a good knowledge about GCS were 50.6% and staffs whom have poor knowledge were 49.4 %. Moreover, the results revealed significant relation between gender and GCS training with level of GCS knowledge. Conclusion and recommendations: The present study showed that the nurses in Al-Dhafra hospitals reflect inadequate knowledge. This finding raises concerns about the importance of knowledge and skill in assessing GCS. Continuing education and practice on the use of the GCS tool are important. A Brochure and booklet should be designated and distributed to all nurses who working in critical care units and dealing with an unconscious patient. Specific and advanced courses about GCS should be conducted in Al-Dhafra hospitals.

Comprehensive nursing peer review: Our voice, our practice, our growth.

A hallmark of professional practice, nursing peer review is the process by which practicing RNs systematically assess, monitor, and give feedback to peers about the quality of nursing care measured against professional standards of practice.1 Nursing peer review supports self-regulation of clinical

"I Am Surprised at the Change in Me": What Is It Like for Nurses to Be in the Process of Completing a Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing?

The percentage of nurses with a baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN) affects patient morbidity and mortality, so health care organizations are encouraging staff nurses to finish their BSN degree. However, there is little data related to what it is like for RNs to return to school. In this qualitative, descriptive study, 16 RN-to-BSN students were interviewed using naturalistic inquiry processes to gain an understanding of what it is like for students in the midst of an RN-to-BSN program. Students encountered financial and work-life barriers to seeking BSN completion yet found it to be worth the effort. Indeed, they are "surprised at the change in" themselves. Support that could benefit RN-to-BSN students is detailed, including from employers (e.g., flexible scheduling), faculty (e.g., rapid feedback and grading), and students themselves (e.g., understand personal time constraints). More research is needed to determine the priorities of support that facilitates RN-to-BSN students. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2018;49(7):307-314.

Level of Knowledge and Practice of Patient Care Ethics among Nurses in Pokhara

Ethics deal with standards of conduct and moral judgment. Every day nurses require to make ethical decisions during patient care. They should have good knowledge and adequate practice of ethics to make ethical decisions. The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge and practice of patient care ethics among nurses. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used to conduct the study. Simple random sampling method was adopted to select 108 nurses among 133 nurses working in a regional hospital, Pokhara. Self-administered structured questionnaire schedule was used for data collection and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that 65.1 percent of nurses had satisfactory level knowledge and 76.4 percent had adequate practice level of patient care ethics. There was significant association between nurses knowledge level and professional qualification (p<.001). The level of practice does not have significant association with socio-demographic and job related variables. Similarly, no significant association between knowledge and practice level of patient care ethics was found. It concludes that the nurses with satisfactory level of knowledge and adequate level of practice are more than the nurses with unsatisfactory knowledge level and inadequate practice level of patient care ethics. Their practice of ethical principle is better than their knowledge in all principles except in the principle of justice. Nurses’ knowledge and practice of patient care ethics should be upgraded through educational and awareness programme. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6 (December 2017), page: 17-28