Percentage Of Explants Research Articles

Callus formation response from immature male flower explant of plantain banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana cv. Kepok) treated by 2,4-D and BAP

Callus induction is an important step in indirect somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to obtain an optimal medium for the callus formation of plantain bananas (cv. Kepok). The research was conducted from May to August 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of PT. ITCI Kartika Utama, Penajam Paser Utara District, East Kalimantan. The explant used an immature male flower of plantain banana (cv. Kepok). The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors concentration of 2,4-D (1,2 and 4 ppm) and BAP (5, 10, and 15 ppm). The appearance of callus was monitored daily until it developed explants. On the final observation day, the percentage of explants with callus, as well as the color and texture of the callus, were assessed. The research findings suggest that the optimal medium for inducing callus in male banana flower explants was MS medium supplemented with 2 ppm 2,4-D and 5 ppm BAP. This medium resulted in calluses that exhibited a yellowish-white color and a compact texture. Keywords: callus morphology; genetic improvement; plant growth regulator; tissue culture; triploid banana

Callus Induction of Ciangir Passion Fruit (Passiflora sp.) Leaves at Several Concentration Levels of Growth Regulators Substance 2,4-D and BAP

Passion fruit plants are important economically due to the high nutrient value of the fruit, and they have an important role in the pharmaceutical world. People often exploit passion fruit plants for medicinal purposes without cultivating them. Passion fruit propagation can be done using seeds, grafting, or cuttings. However, such propagation can increase the value of high genetic variability so that to overcome this can be done by propagating passion fruit seedlings in tissue culture by callus induction. This research was carried out to determine the effect of 2,4-D and BAP on callus induction in passion fruit leaves. The method utilized was a factorial Randomized Group Design (RGD), which consisted of two factors, namely the 2,4-D concentration level (0, 1, 2, 3) ppm and the BAP concentration level (0, 1, 2) ppm, so there were 12 treatment combinations which were repeated three times. The observed parameters were callus area, percentage of browning explants, percentage of living explants, percentage of callus explants, color and texture of callus. The concentration level of 2,4-D 3 ppm and BAP 0 ppm best affected the callus area parameter of 1.96 . The results of this research showed that the percentage of the highest living explants achieved 100%, the percentage of contaminated explants was 0%, the percentage of explants that experienced browning was 66%, and the percentage of explants that experienced callus was 100%, yellowish green in color of callus, and callus texture is crumbly, compact, intermediate. The research should focus on callus induction with other growth regulators.

The Effect of PVP (Polivinil Pirolidon) and BAP (6-benzylamino purine) on Shoots Induction of Teak Plus Perhutani (Tectona grandis)

The goal of this study is to see how BAP and PVP concentrations affect in vitro teak shoot induction. The research was carried out at Diponegoro University’s Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, between April and June 2022. The research method was a 4x4 factorial design based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the concentration of PVP (mg.L-1): 0, 110, 220, and 330, and the second was the concentration of BAP (ppm): 0, 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and orthogonal polynomials were used to test the data for variance. The interaction between the 0 mg.L-1 PVP treatment and the 110, 220, and 330 mg.L-1 PVP treatments after the addition of 2.6 ppm BAP had the quickest callus emergence time, with an average of 7 days. PVP treatments of 110 mg.L-1 and 220 mg.L-1 had a significant effect on the shoot length parameter. BAP concentrations of 1.3 and 2.6 ppm were found to increase the shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves response parameters. The 1.3 ppm BAP treatment also reduced browning by 17% in the explants. There was no effect of PVP or BAP treatments on shoot emergence time, leaf emergence time, or the percentage of explants that formed shoots.

In vitro multiplication of Mentha piperita L. and comparative evaluation of some biochemical compounds in plants regenerated by micropropagation and conventional method

The aim of this study was to elaborate an efficient in vitro multiplication protocol for Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) and to perform a comparative evaluation of some biochemical compounds in plants regenerated by micropropagation and conventional method. The use of a plain Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium favored the induction of regenerative processes, the percentage of explants that started to grow four weeks after inoculation being 92%. The highest multiplication rate (7.12 shoots/explant) and the highest average shoot length (8.11 cm) were obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine, when nodal fragments were used as explants. The rooting phase was not necessary, the shoots developing roots on the multiplication medium. The acclimatization rate of in vitro regenerated plants to ex vitro conditions was 96%. Although biochemical investigations revealed some differences between in vitro regenerated plants and those obtained by conventional methods, the results obtained show that micropropagation can be used successfully to obtain high-quality peppermint biological material, a potential source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic effect.

Initiation of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis using mature female gametophytes as explants

Due to the difficulties of harvesting immature cones in genetic breeding orchards, such as high costs and the considerable time required, this study aimed to evaluate the somatic embryogenesis (SE) initiation of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis using the mature female gametophyte as the initial explant. The basic medium for embryogenesis initiation was composed of QL (Quoirin and Lepoivre, 1977) nutrients, sucrose, myo-inositol, glutamine, casein hydrolisate, thiamine, 2,4-D, BAP and agar. This medium was compared with DCR (Gupta and Durzan, 1985) and WV5 (Coke, 1996) media, supplemented or not with 0.1 g L−1 folic acid (FA). Afterwards, three concentrations of 2,4-D (10, 20 and 30 μM) combined or not with BAP (2, 4 and 8 μM) were tested. After 90 days the percentages of explants with embryogenic tissue (ET), embryo-like structures and oxidation were evaluated. We observed somatic tissue initiation` on mature female gametophytes. On QL medium supplemented with FA, the initiation was observed on up to 42% of female gametophytes. The combination of 10 μM 2,4-D and 4 μM BAP resulted in the highest initiation rate. The formation of ET was confirmed in all treatments by a histochemical test. Embryo-like structures developed on QL medium supplemented with FA, were first transferred to basic medium supplemented with 1.5 g L−1 AC for 30 days and finally to the same medium supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol 3350 and 120 µM abscisic acid. The expression of SERK-1 and GER-1 genes was analyzed. SERK-1 was expressed only in the ET, while GER-1 was expressed in both the embryogenic and non-embryogenic tissues (non-ET). However, the somatic embryos studied through morphological and histochemical tests proved to be abnormal and did not develop further.

Surface Sterilization of Mango’s Mistletoe Leaves (Dendrophtoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) for Endophytic Fungi Isolation

Mango mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) is known as a parasitic plant that has been scientifically proven to have the potential as an antihypertensive adjuvant herbal. The content of secondary metabolites in plants is produced by plants andby microorganisms that grow in plant tissues. One of them is endophytic fungi which can induce the host to produce secondary metabolites. The ability of endophytic fungi to synthesize secondary metabolites is an opportunity for the large-scale production of phytopharmaca raw materials in a short time without causing ecological damage. Before isolating endophytic fungi from the plant tissue, one needs to research surface sterilization to remove various kinds of microorganisms that are not desired. This study aims to determine the best method’s surface sterilization of the mango’s mistletoe leaves (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) to isolate endophytic fungi. This study used a two-factor completely randomized design. The concentration of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) was 5% and 10% as the first factor, and the immersion time of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes was the second factor. There is a total of 10 treatments. In each treatment, there were three replications and one control. Observational data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that application of NaOCl 10% for 3 minutes is the best and recommended method’s surface sterilization of the mango’s mistletoe leaves because the percentage of live explants is 100%, the percentage of contamination is 0%, and the percentage of explants with endophytic fungi is 100%.

Effect of sucrose and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) on callus induction and proliferation of Coconut cv MATAG from Plumule Explants

The coconut palm, also known as Cocos nucifera L is one of the world’s most important annual tropical plantation crops. This tropical crop makes a big difference in terms of food security, nutrition, employment, and income production. The plumule explant was used for this research in order to determine the effect of different concentrations of sucrose with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the plant growth regulator and to perceive the most suitable concentration of sucrose towards callus induction and growth of plumule coconut cv MATAG. Various concentrations of sucrose (15, 30, 45, 60 g/L) with a combination of plant growth regulators of 2,4-D (1, 10, 20, 40, 60 mg/L) were used for callus formation and proliferation. The fastest formation of callus was at 20, 40, 60 mg/L 2,4-D that took 1-2 months. The percentage of explants that produced callus, with the highest percentage (5%) observed at 20-60 mg/L 2, 4-D combined with 30 g/L sucrose treatment. During the 5-6 months of culture, 60% of callus proliferation was obtained at 20 and 40 mg/L of 2, 4-D, respectively. The percentage of callus proliferation continued to increase for another 4 months. It increased up to 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that sucrose at 30 g/L combined with 40 mg/L of 2, 4-D was ideal and gave the best results for callus induction and proliferation.

Callus induction from tuber of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) on MS media supplemented by 2,4-D and kinetin

Lesser yam contains active pharmaceutical compounds. Secondary metabolic production of lesser yam plants takes time because of the long harvest period. Callus induction can be used to acquire active compounds in relatively short periods. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin combination in inducing lesser yam callus in light and dark conditions. The research design used was a two-factor randomized block design, namely the combination of PGR (2,4-D 1 ppm + kinetin 1 ppm, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + kinetin 1 ppm, 2,4-D 1 ppm + kinetin 0.5 ppm, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + kinetin 0.5 ppm) and lightness conditions (light and dark). The observed parameters included callus appearance time, percentage of callus formation, and callus color and texture. The results showed that the combination of 0.5 ppm 2,4-D + 0.5 ppm kinetin in light conditions indicated the fastest callus time. Meanwhile, the percentage of explants with the highest callus was shown in all treatments in dark conditions by 100%. The calluses produced in light conditions were generally green with a friable texture, calluses in dark conditions were generally white and had friable texture.

Effect of BAP (6-Benzyl Aminopurine) on In Vitro Shoot Growth of Curcumas

Curcuma sp has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer properties. Conventionally, vegetative propagation needs a long time to produce a large number of planting materials, so that it is necessary to find an alternative approach through in vitro propagation. The effect of BAP on the in vitro shoot formation of ‘temu putih’ and ‘temu putih’ has been investigated in this study. The experiment was a 4x2 factorial with 5 replications arranged in a completely randomized design. The first factor was the concentration of BAP i.e. 0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 ppm. The second factor was the curcuma species consisting of ‘temu putih’ (Curcuma zedoaria Roch.) and ‘temu mangga’ (Curcuma mangga Val.). Each experimental unit consisted of 2 in vitro bottles, each of which planted with 1 explant bud. Analysis of variance was conducted on percentage of live explants, shoot height, number of roots, root length, wet weight, percentage of explants that sprouted, percentage of rooted explants and shoot color. Mean comparison was performed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that there was no interaction between BAP concentration and genotype on any variable observed. The shoot growth of ‘temu putih’ was significantly higher than ‘temu mangga’ in vitro. The best concentration of BAP for the growth of ‘temu putih’ and ‘temu mangga’ shoots was 1.5 ppm.

In vitro morphogenesis of Physalis ixocarpa Brot ex. Horm

ABSTRACT Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm. is considered the most economically important species of the genus. Tissue culture is pointed out as a strategy for its propagation, but researches indicate that in vitro responses are genotype-dependent. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro morphogenesis of the P. ixocarpa green and purple varieties, in view of the massive propagation of the species. The morphogenic capacity of the explants cotyledonary node, hypocotyl and cotyledon was evaluated in Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine - BAP (0.00, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 μM) and naphthaleneacetic acid - NAA (0.00 or 2.5 μM), using a completely randomized experimental design, in a 3 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with 30 treatments for each variety. The number of shoots per direct and indirect organogenesis and the percentage of explants with callus were analyzed. The in vitro morphogenetic expression of P. ixocarpa is influenced by the type of explant and by the plant regulators BAP and NAA. The cotyledonary node explant is efficient for the production of shoots via direct organogenesis in the two varieties studied.

In-Vitro Rooting Induction On The Embryo Somatic Of Dendrobium Species From Riau Province Indonesia

Rooting induction is a very important stage in in-vitro for the anticipation of the extinction, In this paper, the rooting induction of embryo somatic dendrobium species from Riau Province Indonesia is studied using different sucrose concentrations (0 g L-1; 25 g L-1; 50 g L-1; 75 g L-1), and Kinetin (0 mg L-1; 0,1 mg L-1; 1,0 mg L-1; 10 mg L-1), in a modified MS medium containing half the regular concentration of macronutrients at pH 5.6, with 50 g L-1 sucrose and 1,0 mg L-1 kinetin was optimal for a percentage of explant producing root, a number of roots, root high, root and shoot ratio (T/R Ratio).

МИКРОКЛОНАЛЬНОЕ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ СОРТОГРУПП ЛИЛИЙ

The article presents data on micropropagation of ten cultivars of the genus Lilium L. belonging to four groups: the Oriental hybrids, the Trumpet hybrids, Lilium Asiatic hybrids, the Longiflorum and Asiatic hybrids (LA-hybrids). It is found that for the sterilization of explants better use the 7% sodium hypo-chlorite solution (20 min) and 70% ethanol (10 sec). The average percentage of sterile culture for the Ori-ental hybrids was 66.00±7.07, the Trumpet hybrids – 81.00±5.65, Lilium Asiatic hybrids – 85.00±4.69, LA-hybrids – 87.00±6.36. There were no statistically significant differences between cultivars within the group (p=0.33, p<0.05). It is recommended to use a medium Murashige and Skuga with the addition of auxin α-naphthylacetic acid 1 ml/l – for the Oriental, Trumpet, Asiatic hybrids or cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine 1 m/l – for LA hybrids. The percentage of explant with signs of regeneration was more than 82% for Trumpet and LA hybrids and more than 71% for Oriental and Asiatic hybrids. The reproduction rate can vary from 2 to 14 pcs/explant. Plant survival was more than 60%.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Hypericum sinaicum L. for the development of hairy roots containing hypericin

Hypericum sinaicum L. is an endangered Egyptian medicinal plant of high importance due to the presence of naphthodianthrones (hypericins), which have photodynamic properties and pharmaceutical potential. We sought to assess H. sinaicum ability to develop hairy roots that could be cultured in contained conditions in vitro and used as a source for hypericin production. We used four A. rhizogenes strains differing in their plasmids and chromosomal backgrounds to inoculate excised H. sinaicum root, stem and leaf explants to induce hairy root development. Additionally, inoculum was applied to shoots held in Rockwool cubes supporting their stand after removal of the root system. All explant types were susceptible to A. rhizogenes although stem explants responded more frequently (over 90%) than other explant types. The A4 and A4T A. rhizogenes strains were highly, and equally effective in hairy root induction on 66-72% of explants while the LBA1334 strain was the most effective in transformation of shoots. Sonication applied to explants during inoculation enhanced the frequency of hairy root development, the most effective was 60 s treatment doubling the percentage of explants with hairy roots. However, shoot transformation was the most effective approach as shoots developed hairy roots within 10 days after inoculation. Molecular analyses confirmed that the established hairy root cultures in vitro were indeed obtained due to a horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. These cultures grew fast and the hypericin content in hairy roots was about two fold higher than in H. sinaicum plants as determined by HPLC.

Growth of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus callus cultures in ms medium with various concentrations of growth regulators

Rejasa contains bioactive compounds.Production of bioactive compounds can be done through callus cultures. This study will examine rejasa callus the growth of in various types and concentrations of growth regulators. The independent variables of this study are the types and concentrations of growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Picloram). Dependent variable is growth of callus. Callus growth was determined from the percentage of explants that produced callus, time of callus formation, and callus morphology. The explants used were young petioles grown on Murashige& Skoog solid medium with the addition of 2,4-D and Picloram at various concentrations. The results showed that the lowest percentage of callus formation observed in explants grown on medium with addition of 3.5 ppm 2,4-D (27%). The explants grown on medium with the addition of 3.5 ppm picloram showed the highest callus growth percentage (93%). Explant grown on MS medium supplemented with3.5 picloram showed the best average time of the callus induction, 29.9 days. Callus that is formed mostly brown, and in some treatments produce green callus. Based on the results of this study, the best medium for induction of rejasa callus is MS medium with the addition of 3.5 ppmpicloram.

Effect of nutritional and growth hormonal factors on in vitro regeneration of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Red Lady)

An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for the hermaphrodite papaya ‘Red Lady’ using nodal explants. Nodal explants were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mgL -1 ) or kinetin (10 mgL -1 ) in combination with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mgL -1 ). Media consisted of 0.5 or 1.0 mgL -1 BAP in combination with 0.1 mgL -1 NAA were determined to be the most effective based on the percentage of explants that produced shoots (93.33 and 86.67 % , respectively), mean number of shoots (1.79 and 1.81 shoots, respectively) and shoot height (2.26 and 1.95 mm, respectively). Shoot multiplication and elongation was achieved 30 days after transferring the initiated shoots to full-strength MS supplemented with 0.5 mgL -1 BAP, 0.1 mgL -1 NAA, and 200 – 400 mgL -1 casein hydrolysate (CH). Effect of full and haft-strength MS medium supplemented with different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0.0 – 4.0 mgL -1 ) was tested for rooting. Adventitious rooting occurred after subculturing excised shoots on a medium containing 2.0 or 2.5 mgL -1 IBA and 300 mgL -1 CH, and plantlets were successfully acclimatised on potting medium consisting of peat moss: perlite (1:1). After 40 days of acclimatisation, plantlets grew normally and vigorously. This protocol can be used for commercial production of ‘Red Lady’ papaya plantlets.

Callus Induction of Piper betle L. Var Nigra Using 2,4-Dichlorofenoxyacetic Acidand 6-Benzil Aminopurin

Piper betle L var Nigra (black betel) is a member of Piperaceae family which has potential as medicinal plant due to its secondary metabolites. Callus culture is one of the alternative methods to elevate production of secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzil aminopurine (BAP) towards callus induction and growth, also to determine the most optimal variation of 2,4-D and BAP concentration for callus induction of black betel leaf explant. This study was a laboratory experimental study with complete randomized design. Black betel leaf explant was planted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators at concentration of 0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L respectively. Parameter recorded for callus induction and growth including callus induction time (days), percentage of explant forming callus, fresh weight, dry weight, color and texture. After callus planted for 8 weeks, analysis was performed statistically. Result showed that 2,4-D and BAP supplementation to medium affected the growth of black bete l leaf explants. Additional concentration of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BAP growth regulators showed the fastest response in callus formation, at 7.25 days. Growth regulators of 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L and BAP 2.0 mg/L concentration produced the highest fresh and dry weight, at 0.6802 g and 0.0670 g respectively. The best treatment was used as a basis to produce secondary metabolites.

In Vitro Multiple Shoot Induction and Plant Regeneration from Male Ephedra foliata: A Potential Medicinal Gymnosperm

Ephedra foliata Boiss. Ex. C.A. Mey, known as soma plant according to ancient Indian Ayurvedic system. It is known for its potential to cure many diseases. Review of literature revealed that E. foliata contains traces of alkaloids responsible for its therapeutic activity. In present study effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulator on nodal sector explants was checked for multiple shoot production. Maximum numbers of shoots were observed on Kinetin (2.5 mg/l) whereas, Kinetin (2.5 mg/l) with Indole acetic acid (2.5 mg/l) induced 9.04 ± 0.8 shoots in 22.46 ± 0.57 days and percentage of explants that showed response was more than any other combination. Out of the two plant growth regulators used for root induction from in vitro grown shoots 1-napthaleneacetic acid showed better response than indole-3-acetic acid.

Callus Induction of Gendarussa (Justicia gendarussa) by Various Concentration of 2,4-D, IBA, and BAP

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><em>Justicia gendarussa </em>Burm.f., a medicinal plant, is Acanthaceae that has many functions. Furthermore, the compounds in gendarussa must be produced in high quantity and quality by applying callus culture method. Accordingly, it is important to study the effects of plant growth regulators (2,4-D, IBA, and BAP) on callus induction of gendarussa leaves. This research design utilized a factorial design with two factors (2,4-D and IBA: 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/L and BAP: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/L). The experiment consisted of 24 treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times. Observation was carried out in 6 weeks. Data on the time of callus formation, percentage of explants formed callus, and callus morphology were analyzed descriptively,while data on fresh and dry weight were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA (<span>α</span> = 0.5). Interestingly, the results showed that various concentration of plant growth regulators (2,4-D, IBA, and BAP) affected callus induction from leaf explants of gendarussa. We concluded that the most optimal treatment combination of concentration of plant growth regulators in inducing callus from leaf explants of gendarussa is 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2 mg/L BAP with a relatively long period of callus formation at the earliest, i.e. on day 5, 2.247 g of fresh weight, 0.108 gof dry weight, white callus translucent, and friable. <span lang="EN-GB">Moreover, t</span>he optimum treatment will be used to produce secondary metabolite and seed s<span lang="EN-GB">y</span>nthetic by cell suspension culture.</p>

Biomass Production of Root and Shoot of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. by Liquid and Solid Ms Medium with Plant Growth Hormone IBA

Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia which has benefits such as for vitality and maintain blood circulation. The aim of this research is to obtain biomass production of root and shoot of T. paniculatum Gaertn. by liquid and solid MS medium with IBA. This research conducted to provide biomass as raw material for secondary metabolites test. Stems as explant were induced with four treatments (liquid MS, solid MS, liquid MS + 2 ppm IBA and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA) with five repetitions. Observation did for 28 days. The parameters are the percentage of explants which formed the root and shoot, morphology, fresh and dry biomass. Result shows that percentage of root and shoot have 100% in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot in solid MS + 2 ppm IBA higher than the others. This research found callus in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Morphology of root in liquid MS has thin and friable, but thick in solid MS. Shoot in solid and liquid MS has thin, short and sturdy.

Pengaruh NAA dan BAP terhadap Kultur Jaringan Nenas Tangkit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. Tangkit)

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of NAA and BAP on the development of basal slip slices in tissue culture of pineapple cv. Tangkit. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Agricultural Faculty University of Jambi from July through to October 2016. Six level of NAA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 , 4 and 5 mgL-1) were tested in combination with six levels of BAP concentration (0, 1, 2, 3 , 4 and 5 mgL-1). A Completely Randomized Design with 5 replicates was employed in this trial. Data on the percentage of explants forming shoots, time required for shoot formation, number of shoots growing per explants, and callus proliferation were recorded. Results showed that without the involvement of plant growth regulators there had been no growth on cultured explants. However, shoot growth was found on explants cultured on medium supplemented with 1 – 3 mgL-1 NAA or 1 – 5 mgL-1 BAP. The application of NAA higher than 3 mgL-1 was found to suppress shoot growth even in combination with BAP. Shoot formation was found to be fast on medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 NAA + 4 mgL-1 BAP, but took longer time on medium with or 1 mgL-1 NAA + 5 mgL-1 BAP as well as medium with 1 – 2 mgL-1 NAA only. The same phenomenon was also found on medium with 1 – 2 mgL-1 NAA only. This study also revealed that most of cultured explants regenerated only one shoot, but explants cultured on medium with 1 mgL-1 NAA along with 1 mgL-1 BAP produced 2.33 shoots on the average. The addition of 1 mgL-1 NAA without BAP and 1 mgL-1 BAP without NAA could increase average shoot growth by 1.78 and 1.44, respectively.
 Keywords: in vitro culture, micropropagation, naphthalene acetic acid, benzyl amino purine.