Summary: Background: Distress reduces quality of life and induces the development and negative progress of diseases. It is therefore a current topic of public interest. Mind-body medicine and physical exercise have shown to reduce symptoms of stress. The aim of this randomized, controlled study was to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness based walking program in patients with distress. Methods: Participants aged between 18-65 years with high distress levels (self-assessment on a 10 mm visual analogue scale > 4 mm) were included. Participants were randomized into an intervention group which received a mindfulness based walk taking place twice a week over a period of four weeks or a waiting-list control group which received no study intervention. Outcome parameters were assessed at baseline, after 4 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome parameter was Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) after 4 weeks. Secondary outcome parameter included the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), the visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 to measure health related quality of life after 4 and 12 weeks. The statistical comparison of groups was performed by analysis of covariance on the intention-to-treat population adjusted for baseline differences. Results: Seventy-four participants were randomized in the study, 36 (32 female, 52.3 ± 8.6 years) were allocated to the intervention and 38 (35 female, 49.5 ± 8.8years) to the control group. After 4 weeks the adjusted mean of the PSS was with 24.2 (95 % CI: 22.2 – 26.2) significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (32.0; 30.1 – 33.9). After 12 weeks the PSS of the intervention group was with 25.8 (23.6 – 28.0) vs. 29.2 (27.0 -31.3) still significantly (p = 0.038) better. Also the PSQ in the intervention group was significantly better after 4 weeks (p < 0.001) and after 12 weeks (p = 0.018) compared with control. Significant group differences were also found after 4 weeks for the VAS (p = 0.008) and the SF-36 Mental Components Score (p = 0.020) in favor of the intervention group. Discussion: Participating in a mindfulness based walking program reduced subjective symptoms of distress compared to no study intervention. Further studies with more study participants should include an active treatment control group and aim to measure the effects of walking and mindfulness separately.
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