Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and experimental data suggest that renal damage may persist even after smoking cessation. Peperomia pellucida, a traditional medicinal plant, has documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and is used empirically for kidney disorders, but its role in reversing smoke-related renal injury is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether total P. pellucida extract can reverse established renal structural damage following cessation of cigarette smoke exposure in a Wistar rat model. Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats (8–12 weeks, 180–220 g) were randomly assigned to control (CON), cigarette smoke–exposed (CSE), and cigarette smoke–exposed plus P. pellucida (CSE+PP400) groups (n=6 each). CSE and CSE+PP400 animals were exposed to cigarette smoke in a whole-body chamber (two cigarettes/rat/day, 4 h/day, 7 days/week) for 4 weeks. Smoke exposure was then discontinued for 4 weeks. During this post-cessation period, CSE+PP400 rats received total P. pellucida extract 400 mg/kg/day orally; CON and CSE received vehicle only. At study end, kidneys were processed for hematoxylin–eosin staining and scored using the EGTI (Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, Interstitial) system by two blinded pathologists. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. CSE rats showed marked renal injury, with significantly higher EGTI scores in all compartments versus CON. Post-cessation P. pellucida treatment significantly reduced endothelial, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial scores compared with untreated CSE rats, although values remained above control levels. No treatment-related mortality was observed. In conclusion, total P. pellucida extract administered after smoking cessation partially reverses cigarette smoke–induced renal structural damage in Wistar rats, supporting its potential as an adjunctive nephroprotective option in cigarette smoke-related kidney injury.

This study explores the phytochemical composition and biological activities of methanolic leaf extracts of Peperomia pellucida. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis revealed a wide range of bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and terpenoids, with the methanolic extract showing the richest profile. Antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH assay demonstrated strong free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 75.4 µg/mL), comparable to ascorbic acid. The extract also exhibited potent antidiabetic effects through inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 60.8 µg/mL) and a-glucosidase (IC50 = 52.8 µg/mL), exceeding the standard drug acarbose. Furthermore, anticancer evaluation on MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, inducing apoptotic features such as cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and DNA cleavage, confirmed by AO/EB staining and DNA fragmentation assays. Overall, the methanolic extract of P. pellucida demonstrates strong antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer potential, supporting its future application in therapeutic development and cancer medicine.

Peperomia pellucida is a tropical plant known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities attributed mainly to its flavonoid content. This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content of the ethanolic leaf extract of P. pellucida and to evaluate its potential to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in Balb/C mice with Staphylococcus aureus–induced ocular infection. Total flavonoids were quantified spectrophotometrically using the aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) method at 415 nm with quercetin as the reference standard. An in vivo assay was conducted on 25 mice randomly allocated into five groups, comprising a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (0.5% timolol), and three groups receiving P. pellucida extract eye drops at different concentrations. IOP was measured with a Schiotz tonometer before infection, after infection, and after therapy. The ethanolic extract contained 66.96 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry extract. The group receiving a 60% extract concentration showed the greatest mean IOP reduction (9.35 mmHg), whereas lower and higher concentrations produced smaller decreases. However, one-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in IOP reduction among treatment groups (p = 0.822). These findings indicate a biological tendency toward IOP lowering by P. pellucida extract, but the current evidence is preliminary; studies with larger sample sizes, optimised dosing regimens, and more refined outcome measures are required to confirm its therapeutic significance in infection-related ophthalmotonus.

Bangladesh's rich plant diversity offers an underexplored source of plant-based antibacterials with the potential to strengthen sustainable aquaculture. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 55 Bangladeshi plants against five key fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium columnare, and Streptococcus iniae. The findings revealed numerous plant extracts with potential antibacterial activity against test pathogens. Among pathogens, S. iniae and F. columnare were found to be the most susceptible to the majority of plants. Several plants exhibited promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellirica, Mikania micrantha, Peperomia pellucida, Lawsonia inermis, Phyllanthus emblica, Eryngium foetidum, Amaranthus spinosus, and Alstonia scholaris. Novel antibacterial activity was reported for Ipomoea quamoclit, Erythrina serrata, Cressa europaea, and Dillenia indica against all tested pathogens, along with first-time screenings of the majority of plants against F. columnare and S. iniae. Phytochemical analysis revealed diverse bioactive groups in potent active extracts, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, and steroids. While a few potent extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity on the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, the majority were found to be safe. These findings highlight the significant potential of Bangladeshi flora as a source of novel, eco-friendly therapeutics for sustainable aquaculture disease management. This work provides a critical foundation forthe future exploration of these plants, includingthe isolation of active compounds and subsequentin vivostudies,which could ultimately contribute to reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics.

Potential of Ethanol Extract of Suruhan Leaves (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) in Regulating TNF-α, VEGF and Histopathological Changes in Wounds in Mice with Diabetic Ulcers

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise annually. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence increased from 21.8% in 2018 to 23.4% in 2023. Obesity can lead to insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. One approach to lowering blood glucose levels is through the administration of functional foods, such as a formula composed of Chinese betel leaves (Peperomia pellucida) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum).This study aimed to investigate the effect of a formula containing Chinese betel leaves and red ginger on blood glucose levels in obese rats. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five treatment groups: a negative control group (K0) with no treatment; a positive control group (K1) receiving control feed and a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 14 days; treatment group P1 receiving Chinese betel leaf extract at a dose of 176 mg/200 g body weight (BW); treatment group P2 receiving red ginger extract at a dose of 231 mg/200 g BW; and treatment group P3 receiving a combination of Chinese betel leaf extract (88 mg/200 g BW) and red ginger extract (231 mg/200 g BW). All treatments were administered for 14 days, after which fasting blood glucose levels were measured.The results demonstrated a significant reduction in blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) in the group receiving the combination formula (Chinese betel leaf 88 mg/200 g BW and red ginger 231 mg/200 g BW), with an average decrease of -53.42 ± 3.39 mg/dL.Keywords: Chinese betel leaf, red ginger, blood glucose, obesity

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair wound healing by inducing oxidative stress and compromising fibroblast function. To address this, we developed a novel Pickering emulsion (PESUBG) incorporating Peperomia pellucida extract, rich in flavonoids, and beta-glucan, a bioactive polysaccharide. The formulation exhibited small droplet size, low interfacial tension, and robust stability under thermal stress, freeze-thaw cycles, and prolonged storage. Amphiphilic flavonoids contributed to interfacial stabilization and antioxidant activity, with PESUBG demonstrating the highest radical-scavenging capacity among all tested formulations. In in vitro assays, PESUBG (50 μg/mL) significantly enhanced fibroblast viability compared to the base emulsion control (100.32 ± 11.47%) and improved cell survival under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress (22.00 ± 2.66% increase), while also promoting collagen synthesis. These findings suggest that PESUBG is a promising bioactive and biocompatible formulation with the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and support tissue regeneration. Further studies are warranted to optimize formulation parameters and validate its wound-healing efficacy in vivo .

Development and optimization of flavonoid-enriched solid lipid nanoparticles of Peperomia pellucida for enhanced brain delivery in Alzheimer's disease: A Quality by Design approach.

Background: Peperomia pellucida leaf extract have been claimed for antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and wound-healing effects. Aim: The objective of this study was to explore the phytochemical composition and assess the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and wound-healing properties of leaf extracts from P. pellucida, which were obtained using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol. Methods: Bioactive substances were identified by quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations. The chemical components were further analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to measure antioxidant activity. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was conducted using inhibition zone assays targeting bacterial pathogens. The MTT assay was employed to evaluate cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblast cells. The properties related to wound healing were examined through in vitro scratch assays. Results: The methanol extract demonstrated the greatest variety and abundance of bioactive compounds, encompassing alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and terpenoids. The results indicated notable antioxidant activity (IC50 = 75.4 μg/mL) that is comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant inhibition zones ranging from 15 to 17 mm. The methanol extract showed no toxicity at concentrations up to 125 μg/mL in cytotoxicity assays and facilitated fibroblast migration and proliferation in wound-healing studies. Conclusion: The results indicate that the methanolic extract of P. pellucida leaves exhibits significant pharmacological effects, especially in relation to antibacterial uses and the promotion of wound healing. The results highlight its promise as a significant natural resource for therapeutic applications. Major Findings: The methanolic extract of P. pellucida was rich in bioactive phytochemicals and exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. It was non-toxic to fibroblast cells and promoted their migration, suggesting significant wound-healing potential.

This study aims to determine the mechanism of action, antibacterial activity, and effect of ethanol concentration of Chinese betel leaf extract (Peperomia pellucida) on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. The method used was disc diffusion with 96% ethanol solvent as well as determination of the number of test bacteria through the cup counting method, with the absorbance value adjusted to the McFarland standard of 0.5. The concentration of the extracts tested was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The data was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test with the help of SPSS. The results showed that the ethanol extract of betel leaves of china had antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, characterized by the formation of an inhibition zone. At 10% of the activity is moderate, while at the concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the activity is moderate. Standard conformity tests show that McFarland Kit's standard solution (Himedia) has an absorbance value of approximately 0.08–0.1 at a wavelength of 625 nm. The suspension of the test bacteria that was diluted to the absorbance value resulted in a number of Propionibacterium acnes cells of 1.2 × 10^7 CFU/mL. This shows that the number of test bacterial cells used is not entirely the same as McFarland's standard solution of 0.5. Thus, the ethanol extract of betel leaves has the potential to be an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes.

Background: Peperomia pellucida is a medicinal and vegetable plant used worldwide, representing a multi-purpose vegetable with applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potential of fractional extracts from P. pellucida plant derived from Can Tho City, Vietnam. Methods: Four fractional extracts were prepared using different polarity solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate) and used to determine the best extract for each biological property. The fractions’ total alkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid content were observed. The four extracts were evaluated for their potential bioactivities: antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic. Results: Correspond with the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions, the total content of alkaloids was determined to be 255 ± 23.8; 157 ± 14.0; 219 ± 6.55; 221 ± 6.23 (mg AE/g extract), the total phenolic content was 112 ± 3.34; 141 ± 1.77; 234 ± 29.5; 123 ± 5.04 (mg GAE/g extract), whereas the total content of flavonoids was 84.49 ± 4.53; 33.77 ± 1.26; 367.8 ± 3.37; 34.49 ± 4.53 (mg QE/g extract), respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction gave the best efficiency in DPPH, ABTS, iron reduction, and TAC methods (IC50 = 334 ± 2.10 μg/mL; 51.4 ± 0.41 μg/mL; 79.1 ± 0.40 μg/mL; and 83.0 ± 0.17 μg/mL, respectively). Antibacterial activity was investigated on 5 strains of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimunum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the results showed that the extracts were resistant to 5 strains of bacteria, especially best resistant in 2 fractions of ethyl acetate and aqueous. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranged from 0.5 to 32 mg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value ranged from 16 to 64 mg/mL. The best anti-inflammatory activity was ethyl acetate with an IC50 value of 216.7 ± 7.2 μg/mL, close to that of Diclofenac at 205.4 ± 0.5. The antidiabetic activity was investigated based on the ability to inhibit α- amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The results showed that the best α-amylase inhibitors were hexane and dichloromethane (IC50 = 208.83 ± 2.41 and 191.60 ± 1.27 μg/mL, respectively), roughly equal to the acarbose (155.68 ± 2.59 μg/mL). The best α-glucosidase inhibitory fraction was ethyl acetate (IC50 of 157.04 ± 0.23 μg/mL), close to that of acarbose (116.45 ± 0.21 μg/mL). Conclusion: Fractional extracts from P. pellucida distributed in gardens of Can Tho City, Vietnam, contain potential antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic bioactive compounds.

Gastroprotection refers to the effect of compounds that protect the gastric mucosa. Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. have demonstrated gastroprotective activities. Chromolaena odorata L., in particular, shows inhibition of gastric mucosal damage due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. Chitosan is a drug carrier that enhances drug bioavailability and allows pharmacological effects to be achieved at lower doses. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of chitosan-based formulations containing Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. leaf extracts in rats. The contribution of this research lies in demonstrating the synergistic potential of medicinal plant extracts with chitosan as a delivery system, thereby providing a safer, more effective, and innovative therapeutic strategy for gastric ulcer management. Chitosan formulations containing Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. extracts were prepared and tested on male rats. The rats were divided into seven groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (negative control), Group III (positive control, treated with sucralfate), Groups IV and V (treated with chitosan-Chromolaena odorata formulations at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), and Groups VI and VII (treated with chitosan-Peperomia pellucida formulations at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally for 14 days. On day 14, one hour after the final treatment, all groups except the normal group received oral absolute ethanol at a dose of 5 mL/kg BW to induce gastric injury. Gastric ulcer index, protection ratio, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The ulcer index values for the negative control, positive control, and treatment groups with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW were 4.89, 0.89, 0.33, 0.11, 1.00, and 0.78, respectively. The chitosan-based formulations containing Chromolaena odorata L. and Peperomia pellucida L. extracts demonstrated significant gastroprotective effects in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats.

Protective Effects of Peperomia pellucida Extract Against Secondhand Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Pathways

Dysentery is a gastrointestinal infection characterized by bloody or mucoid diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. One of its main causative agents is Shigella dysenteriae , a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing epidemics and showing resistance to various antibiotics. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed, one of which is the use of traditional medicinal plants such as Peperomia pellucida L. (“sirih cina”). This study aimed to determine the ability of the ethyl acetate extract of Peperomia pellucida L to inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae , and to identify the most effective concentration in exhibiting antibacterial activity. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory, involving simplisia preparation, maceration extraction with ethyl acetate, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial testing using the agar well diffusion method. Three extract concentrations were tested (20%, 25%, and 30%), with ciprofloxacin (5 µg) as the positive control and 5% DMSO as the negative control. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, while alkaloids, steroids, and saponins were not detected. Antibacterial assays showed that all extract concentrations inhibited the growth of S. dysenteriae with inhibition zones >20 mm (classified as very strong). The highest activity was observed at 30% concentration with an average inhibition zone of ±22.6 mm, approaching the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin. This study demonstrates that the ethyl acetate extract of P. pellucida possesses strong antibacterial activity and has potential as an alternative or combination therapy to reduce antibiotic resistance.

This study aims to determine the physical feasibility of toner preparations from Chinese betel leaf extract (Peperomia pellucida) with variations of polysorbate 20 surfactants through organoleptic tests. Toner is a form of liquid cosmetic preparation used to cleanse, refresh, and balance the pH of the skin. Chinese betel leaf extract contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that function as antibacterials and anti-inflammatory agents. Polysorbate 20 is used as a nonionic surfactant that plays a role in maintaining the clarity and stability of the solution. This study used an experimental method with a quantitative approach. Three toner formulations were prepared, namely F1 (without extract and containing 5 mL of polysorbate 20), F2 (5 grams of extract and 5.5 mL of polysorbate 20), and F3 (7.5 grams of extract and 6 mL of polysorbate 20). Organoleptic tests were carried out by expert panelists (two beauty lecturers and one doctor) based on color, aroma, and texture parameters. The test results showed that F1 had a clear color and was odorless, while F2 and F3 had a brownish green color and a distinctive aroma of Chinese betel leaves. All three formulations had a liquid texture. The highest organoleptic test score was obtained by F3 (83.33) which indicated that the formulation with the highest concentration of extract and surfactant provided the best visual and sensory impression. The conclusion of this study indicated that F3 was the most physically feasible formulation based on organoleptic evaluation. This study contributes to the development of local herbal cosmetics that are stable and sensorially preferred.

Moringa seed (Moringa oleifera L.) and Chinese betel leaf (Peperomia pellucida L.) extracts obtained using ethanol contain phenolic compounds that function as natural antioxidant compounds. research aimed to quantify the overall phenolic content and assess the antioxidant activity of both extracts using Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH techniques. The extraction process was performed using the maceration technique with 96% ethanol as the solvent, after which analysis It was performed to determine the overall concentration of phenolic compounds and IC50 a measurement that served as an index of antioxidant power. The findings showed that the extract from Chinese betel leaves had a higher a total phenolic content of 91.02 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was recorded. compared to Moringa seeds which had 54.90 mg GAE/g±0.47. Antioxidant activity testing revealed that the IC50 value of Chinese betel leaf extract reached 3,349 ppm, while moringa seed extract showed an IC50 value of 4,701 ppm. For comparison, vitamin C had a lower IC50 of 1,988 ppm. With IC50 values below 50 ppm, both extracts are categorized as very strong antioxidants.

Chinese betel is a weed that benefits health because of its antioxidant content. The drying process to obtain dried Chinese betel must be carried out using an adequate drying method, considering the antioxidant content in flavonoids sensitive to high temperatures. This research aimed to analyze the effect of drying methods - microwave, dehydrator, and oven - on drying characteristics, color, and flavonoid content and to obtain the best drying kinetics model for each drying method. Microwave drying was carried out at high and medium power while drying using a dehydrator and oven at 50 and 60℃. Drying using a microwave produces the lowest water content (1.36 – 2.29 %) and flavonoid content (7.12 – 7.53 QE/g), while using a dehydrator produces the highest water content (4.64 - 6.78 %) and flavonoid content (10.64 – 10.71 QE /g). Microwave drying produces the highest level of leaf color lightness, but the drying method did not affect the overall color change. The modified page drying model was most suitable for drying with a dehydrator, oven, and microwave at medium power, while the Handerson-Pabis model was suitable for drying kinetics using a microwave at high power.

Indonesia's biodiversity holds great potential for drug development, including through the use of traditional medicinal plants such as tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.), suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth), and temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.). These plants have been used in traditional medicine and are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties. Tapak liman contains compounds capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Suruhan is known to have cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects, while temu ireng contains compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity. This study aims to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds in these three plants using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and to explore their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. The results of GC-MS analysis successfully identified six main compounds that have potential as anticancer agents, namely Phytol, Caryophyllene, Apiol, Germacrone, Germacrene B, and one additional compound. Temu ireng contains Germacrone, Germacrene B, and Caryophyllene, while suruhan contains Caryophyllene, Apiol, and Phytol. Meanwhile, tapak liman shows the presence of bioactive compounds that support cytotoxic activity. The focus of this study is on the interaction of bioactive compounds with the Bcl-2 protein, which plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that Germacrone, Germacrene B, Caryophyllene, and Apiol can also bind to the p53 protein, known as a guardian of the genome and a trigger for apoptosis. These findings suggest that the three plants have high potential as natural sources of anticancer agents. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to test the biological efficacy of these compounds in the context of cancer therapy, thereby bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches in the development of natural-based medications.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing health problem in many countries. One of the main causes of CKD is cigarette smoke, which contains harmful chemicals like cadmium and nicotine. These substances can damage kidney tissue and increase the risk of kidney failure. Peperomia pellucida, a small herbal plant commonly found in tropical countries, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, including kidney problems. This study aimed to find out if Peperomia pellucida extract could help heal kidney damage caused by cigarette smoke. Twenty male rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a smoke-exposed group without treatment, and a smoke-exposed group treated with Peperomia pellucida extract. The rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for four weeks. Then, the treated group received the plant extract for another four weeks. The results showed that rats treated with the extract had less damage in their kidney tissues. The improvement was measured using the EGTI scoring method (Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial). This suggests that Peperomia pellucida may be useful as a natural and affordable treatment to protect the kidneys from damage caused by cigarette smoke, especially for people exposed to secondhand smoke

Background: Chinese betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) is an herbal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that have the potential to be antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. However, the stability and absorption of its active compounds in the body is still a challenge. Microencapsulation technology and a floating drug delivery sistem (FDDS) can improve the effectiveness and stability of herbal preparations. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate floating microencapsulation preparations containing Chinese betel herb ethanol extract using modern drug delivery technology. Methods: Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration method and formulated by ionic gelation technique using a combination of sodium alginate and chitosan at three concentration variations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%). The evaluation included morphological analysis with SEM, ex vivo buoyancy test on the stomach of Wistar rats, determination of moisture content, and physical stability test using the cycling test method. Results: Microencapsulation with a concentration of 0.75% showed the most compact and delicate morphology, the lowest moisture content (0.64%), and the best physical stability. All formulations are capable of floating, with the longest buoyancy time at a concentration of 0.25% for 8 hours. There were no significant physical changes after six cycles of extreme temperatures. Conclusion: Microencapsulation preparations of Chinese betel ethanol extract in a natural polymer-based floating system show good stability and potential as an innovative herbal formulation to extend retention time in the stomach.