Idea Of People Research Articles

Towards an Ideology of Gesture: Gesture, Body Movement, and Language Ideology Among Q'eqchi'-Maya Catholics

While much attention has been paid to how linguistic practices and language ideologies shape local forms of Christianity, relatively little attention has been paid to the role that non-verbal communicative codes and people's ideas about them play in these same processes. This paper analyzes the gestural and bodily practices of Q'eqchi'-Maya Catholics belonging to two denominations (Mainstream and Charismatic Catholicism) to argue that non-linguistic practices play a significant role in constructing and performing moral and religious identities. I argue that because local discourses about what constitutes appropriate bodily behavior in religious rituals invoke some of the same kinds of value judgments and are predicated on the same semiotic processes as metalinguistic discourses, a fuller understanding of how language ideologies underpin Christian subjectivities needs to take into account how a wide range of communicative practices relate to each other.

Social acceptance of negotiation support systems: scenario-based exploration with focus groups and online survey

We investigate people's attitudes toward the possible use of negotiation support systems (NSS) in different social contexts and the consequences for their design. To explore functional requirements and social acceptance in different use contexts, we followed a three-step approach. In the first step, we conducted a number of focus groups with negotiation experts. Second, we conducted focus groups with potential users. The focus groups were a qualitative exploration of people's ideas about NSS that led to design guidelines for mobile NSS. Third, we conducted an online survey (a) to find out in which situations people consider a mobile NSS socially acceptable, (b) to find the factors and relationships that influence this acceptance in the different situations and social contexts, and (c) to investigate the consequences of people's attitudes toward NSS for the system's design. The data showed that subjective norm is an important factor influencing the intention to use the system and that the acceptance of NSS depends on the use context. Therefore, we argue that NSS should be designed not only merely as tools being used in the actual negotiation but also as social devices harnessing social networks to provide support in all negotiation phases.

Supporting user participation design using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process approach

There are three fundamental problems that may occur in the process of user participation design: first, the participants/users may not be able to express their requirements clearly; second, they have little knowledge about design; and third, they are generally unfamiliar with the software that designers use. Based on this understanding, a method that considers design rationale is proposed in this work to support the process of user participation design. In addressing the user participation process, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach is applied to grasp people's ideas, in the initial design phase. A case study on creating house layout design is employed to illustrate the proposed approach. In this regard, to help participants/users create layout designs, it is proposed that a 3D generative system is used, which integrates navigational concepts, direct manipulation, and the design rationale theory. In a nutshell, this research proposes a system to implement a design rational model and improve design communication in the user participation process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed prototype system, a user test is performed and we put forward some findings and research questions for further research and industry practices.

Research of Faith in E-Commerce Safety

As the development of computers and internet technologies, e-commerce has become the global new business model, and become a necessity of social needs, so it is valued highly by all trades. In the implementation process of electronic commerce, security has been the bottleneck that discourages the further development of the electronic commerce. E-commerce security is a system concept, in addition to technical problems, management problems are also very important. It also links the social morality, the industrial management and the behavior patterns together. At the same time, e-commerce is a dynamic characteristic of security, and it will change as time. Some of the security problems can be solved through technical means, but nontechnical topics attack could easily break or bypass the hardworking of people in building the security environment. Therefore, to establish a sound and integrated mechanism and to remove the people's idea completely will ensure the safety of electronic commerce.

The Research on <i>Bei Jia Zi</i> of <i>Tujia</i> Minority and its Influence on Modern Product Design

The artifact, which embodies the culture of the Tujia minority group at the Yangtze River basin, is the directest manifestation of Tujia people's idea of creating and designing tools. Bei Jia Zi is the very typical one of those artifacts. This article investigates the influence of traditional artifacts culture on the sustainable design of modern products, and concludes the crutial design elements affecting modern products from the develpmental trend of current ergonomics, based on the analysis of the emerging background, function and structure of Bei Jia Zi.

Rural people's perceptions of wildlife conservation—the case of the Masebe Nature Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa

The First World rationale for nature conservation is usually the aesthetic and recreational experiences and opportunities that nature provides and its scientific importance, but rural populations in Africa tend to focus on the utilisation of natural resources. This paper argues that management decisions regarding the conservation and utilisation of natural resources are inseparable from a people's world view and value system, because values inform people's ideas about useful or valuable resources, appropriate behaviour and their priorities regarding issues such as grazing, hunting versus poaching, job creation, tourism, and access to sacred sites and natural resources.The objective of this study was to gain insight into the perceptions of wildlife conservation among the North Ndebele in Limpopo Province to create a climate in which the community can become involved in issues regarding policy matters and the management of the Masebe Nature Reserve.

Associational Activeness and Attitudes towards Political Citizenship in Finland from a Comparative Perspective

This article first focuses on the development of the system of associations and association memberships in Finland as well as additional forms of political participation from a comparative perspective and, second, expands the examination by analysing ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ dimensions of participation, i.e., the development of the number of Finnish association memberships and people's ideas of, and attitudes towards political citizenship. The typology of polity regimes adopted in this article (Schofer & Fourcade-Gourinchas) functions as a structuring scheme for understanding the differentia specifica of Finnish political participation. Two structural characteristics of the civil society have had special importance and continuity: First, the close relationship between the state and voluntary associations in all subfields of civil society, and, second the sovereign position of formal, registered associations along with the weakness of alternative forms of collective action. In Finland a strong, relatively equal civil society has developed as a combination of active voluntary associations, individual actors with many association memberships and citizens who on average have relatively weak attitudes towards political citizenship and who are not very eager to use alternative, less conventional repertoires of acting collectively.

La costruzione del "terzo orecchio" Ascolto psicoanalitico e setting interno dell'analista in una prospettiva storica

- The contemporary, multi-lingual psychoanalytic culture is a complicated and pluralistic mix, which may prompt high levels of theoretical and technical confusion. The paper describes some of the experiences, made during the first decade of a psychoanalyst's work, which have contributed to the construction of the Author's way of listening and working. The so called "third ear" will be discussed, here, as a metaphor alluding to the psychoanalyst's working models (combinations of theories and technique) and in particular to her/his internal setting. The approach chosen to describe this latter, will be historical in two different perspectives: conceptual and personal. The historical understanding of the psychoanalytic traditions is useful in balancing different theoretical perspectives and in avoiding the often complementary phenomena of getting lost on one hand, and of becoming closed and fanatic on the other. The second focus will be on the personal and never complete work that has to be done, in order to assimilate/elaborate other people's ideas - the patients' thoughts and phantasies, the teachers' and supervisors' perspectives and the colleagues' and peers' views and remarks.Key words: psychoanalytic training, internal setting, group's dynamics, third ear, gamma function, ręverieParole chiave: formazione analitica, setting interno, dinamiche gruppali, terzo orecchio, funzione gamma, ręverie.

The Discourse Dynamics Approach to Metaphor and Metaphor-Led Discourse Analysis

The use of metaphor as a tool to uncover people's ideas, attitudes, and values through analysis of discourse is demonstrated and illustrated with data collected in a social science research project. A “discourse dynamics” approach to metaphor situated within a complexity/dynamic systems perspective is developed. This approach is turned into a method of “metaphor-led discourse analysis” which is described in detail, using a focus group discussion to illustrate the procedure: transcription, metaphor identification, coding metaphors and using software, and finding patterns of metaphor use from coded data. The reasoning that justifies decisions at each stage of the procedure is made explicit so that the trustworthiness of the method can be maximized. The method of metaphor-led discourse analysis has been developed through a series of empirical projects to be accessible and relevant to social science researchers as well as to metaphor scholars.

Whose Story Is It Anyway? Teaching Social Studies and Making Use of Kuwento

In the Filipino language, kuwento means “story,” but the concept itself encapsulates more than its literal meaning. Similar to talk story events in Hawaiian communities (Au & Jordan, 1981), kuwento serves as a tool to communicate everyday experiences within groups, especially among family and community members (Eugenio, 1981). It is an abstraction of history, congealing experience into a chain of events. It is what Bakhtin (1981) would call a unique speech experience—one that is shaped and developed in continuous and constant interaction with others. Kuwento is largely influenced by other people's words and ideas that eventually become incorporated into one's own. Like story and storytelling, kuwento takes many forms and can be used in the classroom during sharing time to construct and activate newer understandings (Cazden, 1994; Michaels, 1981). In the case of paucity in classroom material, the teacher can engage students to learn through her/his own writing (Vascellaro & Genishi, 1994) and her/his own construction of oral stories in different participant structures (Phillips, 1972). As we shall see in the case of Filipino Heritage Studies, the teacher's use of reflective- and real-time stories conveys the importance of history and present-day realities both in his and his students' lives. Although kuwento is also present in other participant structures, this article focuses on the teacher's whole-class lecture during a unit on the Philippine American War.

Joan Baez and the Issue of Vietnam: Art and Activism versus Conventionality (review)

Reviewed by: Joan Baez and the Issue of Vietnam: Art and Activism versus Conventionality Robbie Lieberman Joan Baez and the Issue of Vietnam: Art and Activism versus Conventionality. By Markus Jager. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag. 2003. This earnest paper—not a book really—raises some important issues about the role of artists in war resistance. It asks us to think about where people's ideas come from, what sustains them as activists, how artists and musicians get their voices heard, and what effects they have on others. While it promises far more than it delivers, if it convinces readers to focus on these issues as they pertain to the 1960s it might encourage a more sophisticated and much needed conversation in the long run. Markus Jager writes that the aim of his study is "to show that the combination of art and activism plays a significant role in the development of resistance against war" (11). He sets out to use Joan Baez's activities in relation to the Vietnam War as an example. The problem is that the author does not provide enough context to illustrate the relationship between art and resistance. The focus is on Baez as a lone individual, much admired by the author but not part of a tradition of art and activism that went through a significant shift during the folk revival that began in the late 1950s. The book is structured around Baez's life and political activity. We learn about some of the early influences that caused her to become a pacifist. Then, in very short chapters, we are told of her activities including war tax resistance, founding the Institute for the Study of Nonviolence, working in the draft resistance movement during the Vietnam War, singing at Woodstock, traveling to Hanoi, and criticizing the Vietnamese government's human rights record after the war. In addition, there is brief mention of critics who tried to prevent her from reaching a mass audience, from the CIA to the Daughters of the American Revolution. Much of this information comes from Baez's autobiography, which leaves the reader hoping for some deeper insight than she herself provides. Yet the theory is quite thin, relying on tantalizing quotations from David Hadju's Positively 4th Street and the work of Simon Frith and R. Serge Denisoff. Thus, shortly after telling us about Joan Baez signing with Vanguard Records, the author quotes Denisoff saying "finally, traditional and contemporary protest songs, hidden away all these years, caught the attention of a large mass of young people" (30). But there is no discussion of why these songs were "hidden away" or of what it meant to have protest songs become part of popular culture. Indeed, a few pages later the author writes "She was among the first politically active artists …" (32). But unless one takes into account the long tradition of protest music in the United States—or just the twentieth century for that matter, from the songs of the Industrial Workers of the World to those of Woody Guthrie, Leadbelly, Pete Seeger and others who paved the way for Joan Baez—she appears as a lone heroine. If we are to deepen our understanding of art and resistance, we need to address hard questions about protest music and popular culture and the importance of community in organizing against war. [End Page 241] Robbie Lieberman Southern Illinois University Carbondale Copyright © 2010 Mid-America American Studies Association

“Bright Future?” The Knowledge, Practices and Strategies of the Young People in a South Siberian Evenki Village

The article deals with young people's ideas, activities and lifestyles in an Evenki village in Southern Siberia, interprets the differences of the value orders of generations in the narratives and practices in the context of the local, surrounding the society and Russia in general. Through research into youth we can get a more wholesome picture of the community. Furthermore, after the collapse of the Soviet Union the future of a society depends more and more on the new intelligentsia, the members of which have not grown up in the Soviet period. The young people living in the taiga, the edge of the civilized world, share the activities of their parents: that is, they hold on to their roots while the authorities persuade them to leave their village. The responses of the youth in relation to the desires and the possibilities are more openminded, and in these opinions the social expectations of these young people are less conformist. Different generations have different value orders. The events which have not happened in the life of young individuals do not serve as a standing-ground in life, and the activities of everyday life and the ideas are intertwined, and become the lifestyles of different generations.

European Identities from Below: Meanings of Identification with Europe

More often than not, European identity is portrayed as one coherent identity for people across the whole continent. However, why should European identity not vary across countries? In this paper, we examine contents and structures of European identities in nine very different European countries. We draw on theoretical and normative approaches and differentiate between a political and a cultural component. In contrast to other studies, we consider national variation in the determination of the contents of both dimensions. Our findings suggest that European identities vary considerably across the continent. Certainly, there is no single picture of a European identity. A two-fold distinction between political and cultural elements prevails in some countries, whereas in other countries political and more pragmatic issues dominate the people's ideas about what it means to be European. Finally, we discuss some of the implications of these findings for policy makers at both the national and European level.

The Authenticity of Self: Conceptualization, Personal Experience, and Practice

AbstractScholars across the social sciences often use the concept of authenticity to refer to such different things as sincerity, truthfulness, originality, and the feeling and practice of being true to one's self or others. Whereas the concept of authenticity refers to all of these things, a careful employment of this concept requires a clear understanding of it. By reviewing theory and empirical research on authenticity, we aim at a more precise conceptualization of authenticity. We argue that authenticity is about being true to one's self. When one is true to one's self, one experiences authenticity. This conceptualization views authenticity as a self‐reflective and emotional experience. In order to understand authenticity, a researcher must then take into consideration at least two things: people's emotional experiences of being true or untrue to one's self and people's ideas about what their true self is.

Making place for clutter and other ideas of home

In this article, we examine the containment of clutter in family homes and, from this, outline considerations for design. Selected materials from an ethnographically informed study of home life are used to detail the ways in which families contain their clutter in bowls and drawers. Clutter, within these containers, is found to be made up of a heterogeneous collection of things that, for all manner of reasons, hold an ambiguous status in the home. It is shown that bowls and drawers provide a “safe” site of containment for clutter, giving the miscellany of content the “space” to be properly dealt with and classified, or to be left unresolved. The shared but idiosyncratic practices families use to contain their clutter are seen to be one of the ways in which the home, or at least the idea of home, is collectively produced. It is also part of the means by which families come to make their homes distinct and unique. These findings are used to consider what it might mean to design for the home, and to do so in ways that are sensitive to the idiosyncratic systems of household organization. In conclusion, thought is given to how we design for people's ideas of home, and how we might build sites of uncertainty into homes, where physical as well as digital things might coalesce.

Where the Added Value Is: On Writing and Reading Translations

Even in some “quality” newspapers, translators are deemed to be mere vessels for the transmission of other people's ideas, not deserving even of a mention in the strapline of a review. Such ignorance may be understandable among journalists, but it is unforgivable in universities. Yet even today, academic translators find their work being considered a priori unworthy of comparison with their other research. Taking it as given that the immediate source of a translation is not a text, but a reading of it, this article does not so much argue a case as analyse in detail a number of examples of compensation in literary translation between English, French and German. Compensation is considered in respect of translating polysemy, hyponymy, pun, cultural allusion, quotation and texts which are sometimes said to be rendered virtually untranslatable by their combination of formal convention and cultural presupposition. The analyses show that, whether the translator is an academic or not, translation is a mode of written reading demanding as much analytical rigour, sophistication and research as, and more imaginative creativity than, most other critical writing. As such, it deserves full recognition not only by the cultured public in general, but also by academic committees assessing quality in research.

Conceptions of Work in Italian Adults With Intellectual Disability

People's ideas about work can greatly affect the ways in which they characterize their own work experience and their lives. The first aim of the present study was to analyze the concept of work in individuals with mild or moderate intellectual disability working in competitive or sheltered work settings and, second, to compare the notions of work of individuals with mental retardation with nondisabled adults and young adolescents. The study therefore examined 48 participants with mental retardation, 48 nondisabled adults of the same chronological age, and 48 nondisabled adolescents of the same mental age as the participants with mental retardation. A semistructured interview assessing participants' concepts about work was administered. Qualitative and quantitative analysis results are discussed. No differences emerged for individuals with MR working in competitive or sheltered work contexts, but were conversely observed among participants with mental retardation, same chronological age adults, and same mental age young adolescents.

Commentary on Viewpoint: Perspective on the future use of genomics in exercise prescription

VIEWPOINTCommentary on Viewpoint: Perspective on the future use of genomics in exercise prescriptionMartine ThomisMartine ThomisPublished Online:01 Apr 2008https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2008MoreSectionsPDF (28 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat to the editor: Interestingly, Dr. Roth (4) poses a “gene profile”-based personalized exercise prescription strategy, with delayed exercise prescription following non-lifestyle intervention in individuals with adverse response profiles. Some remarks that might need consideration: variability in training responses is only partially genetic. The design of a useful set of “adverse” or “positive” (interacting) alleles or haplotypes still needs a large amount of (confirmatory) work in family-based or large population-based association studies in healthy subjects and patients. An example of the latter is the CAREGENE study (2) that aims to identify genetic variability in cardiorespiratory rehabilitation responses in coronary artery disease patients. Genome-wide association studies, differential gene-expression profiles, copy number variation analysis (5), and epi genetic differences (3) between positive-adverse response groups might guide us in this effort. However, in any human exercise and/or rehabilitation study, dietary and other influential factors need to be standardized/controlled to exclude adverse effects based on confounders.Identification of causal “adverse exercise response genes” might feed people's ideas of external, non-changeable causality, identifying themselves as “genetic” nonexercisers. As behavioral change is highly challenged in sedentary subjects, careful communication on adverse genetic profiles and useful exercise prescription as a (delayed) intervention for other health-related phenotypes is needed. Activity levels are likely related to (dis-)liking exercise, personality characteristics, and perception of exercise benefits, and these might themselves be regulated by genetic profiles (1) that act pleiotrophic on other health risk phenotypes.Application of differential genetic screening strategies also implies physicians to assess and monitor the exercise response of their patients and necessitates a close cooperation with exercise professionals.REFERENCES1 Beunen G, Thomis M. Genetic determinants of sports participation and daily physical activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23: S55–63, 1999.Crossref | ISI | Google Scholar2 Defoor J, Martens K, Zielinska D, Matthijs G, Van Nerum H, Schepers D, Fagard R, Vanhees L. The CAREGENE study: polymorphisms of the beta1-adrenoceptor gene and aerobic power in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 27: 808–816, 2006.Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar3 Poulsen P, Esteller M, Vaag A, Fraga MF. The epigenetic basis of twin discordance in age-related diseases. Pediatr Res 61: 38R–42R, 2007.Crossref | ISI | Google Scholar4 Roth SM. Viewpoint: Perspective on the future use of genomics in exercise prescription. J Appl Physiol; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01000.2007.Link | ISI | Google Scholar5 Stranger BE, Forrest MS, Dunning M, Ingle CE, Beazley C, Thorne N, Redon R, Bird CP, de Grassi A, Lee C, Tyler-Smith C, Carter N, Scherer SW, Tavaré S, Deloukas P, Hurles ME, Dermitzakis ET. Relative impact of nucleotide and copy number variation on gene expression phenotypes. Science 9: 848–53, 2007.Google ScholarAUTHOR NOTESAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Thomis, Dept. of Biomedical Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium B-3001 (e-mail: [email protected]) Download PDF Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByRefuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: ‘non-responders’ do respond to higher dose of training14 May 2017 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 595, No. 11High Responders and Low Responders: Factors Associated with Individual Variation in Response to Standardized Training8 May 2014 | Sports Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 8Genetics and sport performance: current challenges and directions to the futureRevista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, Vol. 28, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 104Issue 4April 2008Pages 1251-1251 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2008PubMed18385306History Published online 1 April 2008 Published in print 1 April 2008 Metrics

노인여가활동 참여현황 및 활성화 방안 탐색

이 연구는 노인복지시설의 노인여가활동참여 프로그램의 현황과 문제점을 살펴보고 향후 우리나라 노인 여가활동참여 프로그램 활성화를 위한 정책을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 현재 우리나라는 급속한 사회구조의 변화와 도시문명의 발달로 수많은 사회적인 문제점들이 드러났다. 이중에서도 충분한 준비 없이 진행된 노령화 사회로의 진입은 한편으론 재앙처럼 느낄 수도 있지만 일찍이 우리가 경험해 보지 못한 수명 연장과 여가시간 증가라는 선물을 가져다 주었다. 하지만 아무리 좋은 선물이 주어진다 하더라도 개인과 가족 그리고 사회가 철저하게 준비되어 있지 않으면 축복이 도리어 재앙으로 다가 올 수 있다는 점에서 이를 슬기롭게 극복하고 행복한 노년기를 보내기 위한 일환으로 노인여가활동참여 활성화 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 노인을 위한 여가시설의 확충 및 홍보가 강화되어야 한다. 둘째, 단순한 오락프로그램 위주에서 신체적, 심리적 취향에 적합하고 학습을 통해서 얻을 수 있는 노인여가 프로그램을 개발해야 한다. 셋째 노인 여가를 위한 여가전문 지도자 양성이 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, 노인 여가교육을 통하여 여가에 대한 인식 전환이 시도되어야 한다. 다섯째, 노인종합복지관에서 경로당을 위한 프로그램을 개발하여 지원할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로, 모든 가족이 함께 참여하고 공감 할 수 있는 새로운 여가문화 수립이 필요하다. The aim of this study was to provide the way of activation plans of leisure activities for older people through the current status and problems in welfare center for the elderly in Korea. Various social phenomena and issues have been found to occur in rapidly social-structure changes and urban civilization. Especially, processing an aging society for no preparation is one of the broader question of our country. Developing the scientific and civilization lengthening our span of life is given more leisure time than past. Unfortunately, older people could not independently stand for in their leisure, if society does not support for them. It means that they might feel the enough time to monotone life, depression and a sense of alienation. The following ideas would be expressed to the way of activation plans of elderly leisure. First, the elderly leisure facilities for leisure and publicity activities should be supplemented or strengthened. Second simple entertainment-oriented programs in the physical and psychology learning to adapt for them should be obtained through leisure activities for older people. Third, more senior recreation specialists or therapists should be educated for leisure activities. Fourth, the concept of leisure in older people's idea should be changed through the education. Fifth, people who work in the welfare center for the elderly should develop the leisure programs or activities for older people. Last the new culture of leisure concept should be constructed in our society between the two and three generation for sharing and participating the leisure.

James Tenney and the Poetics of Homage

One of the recurrent themes of James Tenney's highly diverse musical output is an engagement with the work of other composers. From QUIET FAN for ERIK SATIE of 1970 through Spectral CANON for CONLON Nancarrow in 1974, all the way to ’Scend for Scelsi in 1996 and Song’n’Dance for Harry Partch in 1999, Tenney's compositions bear dedications to a wide range of composers whose work he admired. Besides those already mentioned, we find Ives, Varèse, Cowell, Ruggles, Crawford, Wolpe, Cage, Xenakis, Feldman and many others. This practice manifests a desire on Tenney's part consciously to link his work to tradition: not merely the American experimental tradition, of which his own work forms so significant a part, but to aspects of twentieth-century European music as well. A given piece by Tenney rarely sounds much like the music of the composer invoked in its title; rather, this article argues that Tenney's work embodies an ecology of ideas, where techniques and inventions of other composers are rationalised, restated in different terms and sometimes playfully juxtaposed with ideas of others. Tenney saw himself partly in the role of curator of other people's ideas; and his work as a whole proposes a particular genealogy of twentieth-century music. This article discusses the nature of Tenney's dedicatory works and explores the possibility that his obsessive need to invoke other composers in the dedications of his works, while clearly on one level an affirmation—of heritage, identity and shared musical vision—nonetheless conceals a profound anxiety about the whole nature and purpose of musical composition in the second half of the twentieth century.