People In Ukraine Research Articles

Support for the mental health of young people: ukrainian-lithuanian youth exchange

The article highlights the experience of implementing mental health support for young people during the project «Social and Psychological Support for Mental Health of Youth in Lithuanian and Ukrainian Communities» with the financial support of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine as part of the exchange of youth between Ukraine and Lithuania in 2024. The aim of the project was to analyze and compare the practice of social and psychological support for the mental health of young people in the communities of Lithuania and Ukraine, to identify effective approaches and methods, and to develop recommendations for their implementation to improve the mental well-being of young people in both countries. The results of a youth mental health assessment questionnaire aimed at determining the overall level of mental well-being among respondents, studying the peculiarities of young people's perception of stressful situations, and analyzing the effectiveness of stress management strategies used by them are presented. The article analyzes the legal framework of Ukraine that provides conditions for supporting mental health, strengthening social cohesion and developing the potential of young people in Ukraine. The article analyzes the scientific literature and finds that the importance of psychological support is important during the educational process. The areas of psychologist's work during the war are expanding, but social projects and programs at the state level are no less important. The results of the project implementation (quantitative and qualitative indicators in digital terms) are described: 30 people directly involved in the project organized and conducted educational, socio-cultural, socio-psychological, rehabilitation activities and meetings with the local community (workshops, flash mobs, master classes, excursions, integration and educational games, a seminar, a meeting with the local community, etc.)

Innovative e-learning tool for amputees in Ukraine and Germany : Digital assistance for self-help in interdisciplinary rehabilitative care

Following the Russian war of aggression the number of people in Ukraine with amputated arms and legs rose sharply, overwhelming afledgling rehabilitation system. This article describes the development and implementation of an e‑learning tool aimed at medical professionals, amputees and their relatives, which contains awide range of information on rehabilitation after limb amputation and is easily accessible. It is designed to provide practical support for the rehabilitation process of affected individuals and is available free of charge in the Ukrainian and German languages. An interdisciplinary team of doctors, therapists, orthopedic technicians and ascientist developed the structure and outline of the learning module in aconsensus process. The content was developed in small teams and, after an internal content review by two team members, linguistically synchronized and implemented on the open-source learning platform Integrated Learning, Information and Work Cooperation System (Integriertes Lern‑, Informations- und Arbeitskooperations-System, ILIAS). The e‑learning tool was fully developed and implemented within 10months. It is available free of charge in two languages at https://digitale-lehre-mhh.de . It distinguishes between rehabilitation after arm or leg amputation, after which three consecutive rehabilitation phases (postacute, intermediate and maintenance phases) can be selected. The next level gives access to the specific content, which consists of apathway, explanatory texts, images, video sequences and audio files on treatment, self-exercises and practical tips.

Controversial issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of LGBT people in Ukraine

The article analyzes the controversial issues of ensuring the rights and freedoms of LGBT persons in Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the difficult conditions of martial law, considerable attention is paid to the protection of the rights of vulnerable categories of citizens, but the situation with the rights and freedoms of LGBT persons in Ukraine looks ambiguous. On the one hand, Ukraine has taken certain steps to overcome discrimination against such persons. On the other hand, there are significant discrepancies between the declared rights and the actual mechanisms for their enforcement. It is noted that as of the end of 2024, sexual orientation and gender identity have not been enshrined as protected characteristics in the Constitution of Ukraine. Similarly, the right to change (correct) gender identity has not found proper legal regulation. It is determined that Ukraine belongs to the majority of countries that have not yet included provisions on non-discrimination and equality of rights and freedoms of LGBT persons in their constitutional laws. At the same time, attention is drawn to the gradual increase in the number of countries that guarantee the rights and freedoms of LGBT persons at the legislative level. The importance of Ukraine’s accession to the best democratic practices to ensure equal and impartial treatment of all categories of citizens is emphasized. It is emphasized that in the post-war period, it may be appropriate to consider amending Article 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine to expand the list of grounds on which a person is protected from discrimination by highlighting sexual orientation and gender identity. It also points to the possibility of optimizing the procedure for changing (correcting) gender identity for Ukrainian citizens, in accordance with the recommendations set out in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) and the relevant amendments and additions to Article 51 of the Fundamentals of Ukrainian Healthcare Legislation. It is noted that the expediency of establishing a specialized institution to ensure the rights and freedoms of LGBT persons in Ukraine requires careful consideration by politicians, human rights defenders and representatives of LGBT organizations. In general, it is concluded that the protection of the rights and freedoms of LGBT persons in Ukraine remains insufficiently effective.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF RABIES IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

Aim. To analyze the epidemiological data on the incidence of rabies among animals and people in the Dnіpropetrovsk region, to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented animal vaccination system, to assess the quality and timeliness of anti-rabies assistance in order to select priority areas in planning, monitoring, forecasting, and carrying out preventive measures in the implementation of the anti-rabies program. Materials and methods. The paper presents data from an analysis of statistical indicators of the State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk OCFDCAP Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Department of Animal Health and Welfare of the Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Medicine of the State Food and Consumer Service, the annual frequency of rabies epizootics and the incidence of rabies among people in the Dnіpropetrovsk region over the past 5-10 years. Also used were regulatory documents (orders, instructions, guidelines on rabies), reviews of literature and scientific articles (including foreign ones). Results. Analysis of rabies epizootic indicators reveals an unfavorable situation with rabies among animals in the Dnipropetrovsk region, which has been observed over the past four years. An analysis of rabies epizootics depending on the animal species found that in the wild, foxes are the most dangerous reservoir of lyssaviruses, and in anthropurgical foci the main danger is cats and dogs. The frequency of registration of rabies among people in Ukraine and the Dnipropetrovsk region over the past 20 years has been sporadic. The highest rates of rabies cases among humans were recorded during the second decade of the current century, with a definite downward trend in recent years. Of the total number of people who sought rabies medical care, 87,94% received a full course of rabies vaccination. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation regarding rabies epizootics in the Dnipropetrovsk region requires the continuation of the wild and domestic animal vaccination program in order to eliminate rabies foci among wild and domestic animals. The implementation of a program of combined anti-rabies care with the simultaneous use of anti-rabies vaccine and anti-rabies immunoglobulin is a positive fact for the medicine of the Dnipropetrovsk region.

Study of the possibility of using cavitation microcurrents in an ultrasonic scalpel for the glaucoma treatment

The development of new medical instruments for surgical treatment of glaucoma patients is an urgent scientific and applied task of modern mechanical engineering, since the number of visually impaired people in Ukraine due to glaucoma is growing every year. Today, the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation is widely used in technology, which occurs when high-intensity ultrasonic vibrations are introduced into a liquid and provides high-quality removal of contaminants from surfaces, disinfection, fine atomization, the formation of intense microcurrents, etc. Our work investigates changes in biomechanical reactions as a result of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery - expansion of physiological pathways for the outflow of intraocular fluid (trabecular apparatus, Schlemm's canal, etc.) using procedures using ultrasonic cavitation. By modernizing the phacoemulsifier, an ultrasonic glaucoma scalpel was created, which will allow cleaning the pores of the trabecular meshwork, restoring and maintaining its elasticity, reducing resistance to the outflow of ocular fluid, and reducing intraocular pressure. The use of such a tool will help ophthalmologists perform minimally invasive interventions aimed at normalizing the level of intraocular pressure in a less invasive and safer way, which will contribute to the prevention of progression and successful treatment of glaucoma. The development of the latest medical tools will make it possible to develop individual treatment strategies based on the specific needs and severity of the disease of each patient and create a perfect system of treatment for glaucoma patients.

Ultrasound diagnostics of visceral obesity in women with obstetric and gynecological pathology

Background. Obesity is a metabolic disease that is spreading around the world, with one in four people in Ukraine suffering from obesity. Today, the prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age in developed countries reaches 55–60%, while in Ukraine it is 15–27%. The usefulness of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue has been proven in relation to metabolic risk factors and heredity, but there are currently insufficient studies in pregnant women and gynecological patients. Purpose – is to determine the diagnostic role of ultrasound examination of abdominal and visceral adipose tissue in pregnant women and gynaecological patients with metabolic disorders and obesity for the prediction of severe obstetric and gynaecological complications and the development of effective treatment and prevention measures. Materials and Methods. We examined 105 women who were treated at the Regional Clinical Hospital, a municipal non-profit enterprise of the Kharkiv Regional Council, with various obstetric and gynecological pathologies, 85 of whom had signs of metabolic syndrome or obesity (main group). The control group consisted of 20 women of normal weight without signs of obesity. The women in the main group were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 42 women with gynecological pathology (20 women with endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and 22 women with ovarian cysts and cysts); the second group consisted of 32 pregnant women with obstetric pathology (20 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 12 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia); the third group included 11 women who had undergone bariatric surgery to treat obesity. All women underwent clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations, and the degree of obesity was determined. The thickness of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) layers was measured using a TOSHIBA (CANON) Xario 200 ultrasound system (Japan), C1-5 D convection probe. The study belongs to the category «description of a series of cases» – a type of research recognized by evidence-based medicine and does not claim statistical significance of the results. Results. The control parameters of BP, WHR, and their ratio were determined, and their peculiarities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, ovarian tumors, and endometrial hyperplasia were revealed. The necessity of surgical treatment (bariatric surgery) has been proved in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy in women with obesity of the third degree (BMI over 40 kg/m2). Conclusions. Ultrasound examination of abdominal and visceral adipose tissue in pregnant and gynecological patients with metabolic disorders and obesity is an effective, fast, and cost-effective method that allows to determine the features and predict the further development of certain pathological conditions and can be used in a wide range of obstetric and gynecological practice.

Child-Friendly Justice: ways to improve support for vulnerable people in Ukraine’s judicial system

This scientific article is dedicated to examining the current and pressing issues arising in the modern legal environment, particularly in ensuring child-friendly justice. This is a critically important aspect for creating fair, impartial, and highly effective judicial processes that take into account the interests and rights of children. The article examines the existing mechanisms of support and protection for children within the judicial system, analyzes the practical aspects of their implementation, and proposes effective recommendations for improving and enhancing the current justice system. This research evaluates the key components of a justice system aimed at ensuring the rights of children, including specialized courts, professional legal system workers, and psychological support services aimed at protecting the emotional state of minors during legal proceedings. Special attention is given to an in-depth analysis of the range of issues that arise during the interaction of children with judicial authorities and legal professionals, as well as their direct impact on the outcomes of court cases. The study also focuses on issues related to the insufficient professional training of judges and legal system personnel for working with vulnerable groups, particularly children, and the lack of clear, officially established guidelines that regulate behavior and approaches to working with children in court. This often leads to negative consequences, including effects on the psycho-emotional state of children who find themselves in stressful conditions. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the article proposes specific ways to improve the support for vulnerable users of the judicial system, particularly children. These recommendations include enhancing the professional qualifications of judicial system specialists, introducing innovative technologies that would simplify children’s interaction with judicial bodies, and developing and implementing new approaches to providing psychological support to children during legal proceedings. Additionally, it is important to create a safer and more child-friendly environment focused on protecting the rights and psychological well-being of the child. The research emphasizes the need to integrate modern approaches to justice, which include more flexible and sensitive procedures that address the needs of children and their emotional state. The article also highlights the necessity of developing new standards and guidelines aimed at ensuring the most effective, fair, and humane support for vulnerable children. It offers several opportunities that could significantly contribute to improving the judicial system and access to justice in the context of protecting the rights and interests of children in the modern legal landscape.

Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on the use of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer patients

Nowadays, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Statistical data from various literary sources indicate that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organs of the human body and, over time, the entire organism. In 2024, the agency of the World Health Organization on cancer and the International Agency of Cancer Research published the latest statistical estimates of this pathology in a global format, where prostate cancer is among the five most common oncological pathologies and takes the fourth place. Oncological diseases are one of the priority areas of healthcare development in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1832 dated 07.10.2022 “On Approval of Priority Areas of Healthcare Development for 2023–2025”. It was this fact that determined the choice of the direction of this research in the matter of finding information on the provision of pharmaceutical care, namely the use of a drug – a rectal suppository for the treatment of prostate cancer. The aim of the work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis and further generalize the data of the scientific literature to study the prognostic value and features of the prescription of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and methods. The data search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the following key terms: “prostate cancer and suppositories”, “prostate cancer”. To monitor and analyze international scientific research, with the help of visualization tools and modern SciVal citation metrics using the online platform, bibliometric analysis can be performed. Using the VOSviewer functional program, bibliometric networks were constructed and visualized. Results. A map of the relationships between the most used keywords on the topics of “prostate cancer” and “prostate cancer and suppositories”, grouped into clusters for the period from 1986 to 2024, was built. The clustering of the most used keywords on the subject of “prostate cancer” for the specified period is summarized. According to the bibliographic analysis, interest in the above topic was highest in 2014 and 2021. Conclusions. According to the bibliographic analysis, the interest in the subject of the patients’ treatment with prostate cancer disease continues to grow from 1998 up to the present. The analysis of publication activity using the visualization tool of bibliometric networks VOSviewer for the period from 2014 to 2024 for the key words “prostate cancer” has shown the presence of 14 clusters. The largest cluster is devoted to modern methods of prostate cancer treatment, studies of gene rearrangement, target therapy, carcinogenesis.

ACUTE TOXICITY OF 5-((5-BROMOFURAN-2-YL)-4-METHYL-3-THIOHEPTYL)-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine are diagnosed with cancer every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90% of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Heterocyclic compounds are the most common among organic substances. All of them are of natural or synthetic origin and play an extremely important role in human life. A scientifically proven fact today is the high biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, they are also used as plasticizers for plastics, anti-corrosion agents, additives to various types of fuels, plant protection agents, etc. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are well known as biologically active compounds, some of them are active substances of medicines. Scientists in many countries of the world are studying the properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The spectrum of pharmacological activity of 1,2,4-triazoles is wide enough, which allows scientists to choose different directions of research tests. It is also known that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are low-toxic or practically non-toxic compounds. Studying the toxicity of biologically active molecules is a primary task on the way to their introduction into practical medicine. It was previously established that 5-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptyl)-1,2,4-triazole has anticancer activity, acting selectively and purposefully on cancer cells. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the acute toxicity of 5-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptyl)-1,2,4-triazole by the method of experimental research and using computer technologies. Materials and methods. To achieve this aim, we used both classical and modern methods. Timely well-known methods for computer prediction of acute toxicity GUSAR (Germany), ProTox 3.0 (Germany), TEST (USA) and pkCSM (Australia). To obtain more reliable results, we also used the V. B. Prozorovsky express method in vivo on white nonlinear rats. Results. The data obtained for predicting acute toxicity using all four computer services have similar values. It should also be noted that the experimental results correspond to the obtained non-experimental data. Therefore, the compound 5-((5-bromfuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptil)-1,2,4-triazole can be attributed to the fourth class of toxicity according to the classification of K. K. Sydorov. Conclusions. According to generalized data, the compound 5-((5-bromfuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptil)-1,2,4-triazole has an LD50 value of 1245 mg/kg and is a low-toxic substance.

Ukraine’s water security under pressure: Climate change and wartime

Ukraine’s water security under pressure: Climate change and wartime

Working Capacity Impairment and Primary Disability Problems of Ukraine Urological Patients During Recent Years (2018–2022)

The objective: to determine regional and generalized indicators of primary disability of the adult population of Ukraine, resulting from diseases of the genitourinary system in 2018–2022, specifics depending on age and established groups. Materials and methods. The dynamics of data initially recognized as disabled due to diseases of the genitourinary system among the adult population of Ukraine and the analysis of regional characteristics in the period 2018–2022 years using data from official reporting and collections on the main indicators of urological care in Ukraine are presented. For statistical processing using the “SPSS for Windows software package. Version 11” and “MedStat” we used the chi-square test, comparing the proportion for the two groups using Fisher’s angular transformation (with Yates’ correction); a difference of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Against the background of fluctuations in the absolute number of newly registered disabled persons due to diseases of the genitourinary system in adults (18+ years) during 2018–2022 years, the largest indicator was noted in 2022. In terms of the absolute number of the population in this year, the difference is significant compared to each from the previous ones (p < 0.001) with an upward trend in the Western region in 2022 compared to 2018 and 2019 (p = 0.054 and 0.076). The structure of disability by group did not change in 2018–2022, the largest share is made up of persons of the III degree disability who are unable to work, with the Western region leading in terms of relative level. During this period, the number of persons recognized as I degree disabled for the first time is the largest in the city of Kyiv and the Southern region – 60% in 2021 and 48% in 2022, respectively. The relative level of disability (per 10 thousand people) in the country was the highest in 2022, significantly different from 2019, 2021 (p = 0.015) and 2020 (p = 0.009). The Western region has been the leader forall 5 years of observation with the highest rate in 2022 compared to 2018–2020 (p < 0.001). During the period 2018–2022, both in Ukraine as a whole and in each of the regions, the number of urologists per 1 million of population did not change reliably (p ≥ 0.05); the largest indicator of provision of these specialists for adults is in the city of Kyiv and the Western region (about 50 per 1 million population). No correlation was found between the number of urologists in each region (per 1 million population) and initially recognized disabled people due to diseases of the genitourinary system (per 10,000 population) in the regions of Ukraine and in the city of Kyiv. Conclusions. The determined indicators of the first recognized disabled people in Ukraine with regional features during the last 5 years, including in the conditions of wartime in 2022 year, allow to optimize the provision of urological care, with the aim of reducing the number of disabled people in adulthood, providing specialists and renal replacement therapy in case of CKD, as well as creating better socio-economic conditions for treatment and rehabilitation.

Container settlements for internally displaced people in Ukraine built in 2015 and 2022 – architectural characteristics

Container settlements for internally displaced people in Ukraine built in 2015 and 2022 – architectural characteristics

AUDIT OF INFECTION CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS AND ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE: A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP

Indicators of antibiotic resistance in the world and in Ukraine are steadily increasing. As of 2021, there is a national standard in Ukraine that recognizes the deescalation of antibiotic therapy, but the war in Ukraine has significantly disrupted the supply of essential services. War-related infections and antimicrobial resistance are seriously affecting the health of people in Ukraine and beyond, forming a great reservoir of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections Aims: monitor the effectiveness of infection control and antibiotic administration in the Public Health Department of Ukraine. Methods: Based on the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the PDO National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets, a prospective observational study was carried out - an anonymous audit of doctors, anesthesiologists and doctors of other specialties who work at the Public Health Service of Ukraine from the beginning of 2024. The investigation was carried out on the online platform Google-form. After the completion of the tracking period, all completed data was transferred to an Excel table and analyzed using additional descriptive statistics for parametric data. Results: The results of 214 participants from different regions of Ukraine were collected. Half of the respondents reported that the department of infection control functions effectively - 105 (49.2 %), formally important - 85 (39.9 %), and does not function in 3 (1.5 %) Cefazolin as the first choice AB (57.7 %), using of Ceftriaxone (18.6 %) or Cefuroxime (7.9 %) as the 1st line of AB prophylaxis. About not using the protocol tell for us the choice of AB 2-line AB prevention and treatment of Gram+ and Gram-infection. The most common resistant pathogens in the Ukrainian health care sector were: Klebsiella pneumonia 140 (65.4 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 99 (46.3 %) species. Most respondents also reported the expansion of three courses of AB therapy: 7-10 days in 97 (45.5 %) and 10 days and more – 85 (39.9 %) types. Conclusion: most health protection regulations in Ukraine today include the creation of infection control and approval of local documents (new clinical protocols, patient routes) from infection control and administration Instruction of AB. However, wider problems are avoided without the continuation of specific protocols, the use of AB group reserve for AB prophylaxis, the choice of non-optimal empirical AB therapy, the wider acceptance of combination therapy without indications, trivial courses therapy and type of de-escalation.

In a Stranger’s House: Social Isolation of Internally Displaced People in Ukraine During Wartime

Abstract This article explores the impact of internal displacement during wartime in Ukraine on individuals’ social isolation. This study focused on understanding and comparing feelings of isolation in two different contexts: the native community in territories temporarily occupied by Russian troops since the full-scale war and the host community. The research reveals a consistent pattern of isolation characterized by feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among internally displaced people (IDPs), irrespective of their location. Cultural disconnection emerges as a significant factor in both settings, with war-induced changes in social norms and practices leading to a sense of alienation in native communities, and the challenge of adapting to new cultural environments in host communities. Furthermore, it highlights IDPs’ increased vulnerability to bias, stigma, and anxiety in social interactions. Overall, this qualitative study advances the understanding of the effects of displacement on social isolation and provides insights that can inform effective recovery strategies and foster a resilient, cohesive national identity in post-war contexts in Ukraine.

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DIGITAL BEHAVIOR OF THE AUDIENCE OF WEBSITES OF THE HEI OF EUROPE USING THE THEORY OF GENERATION

The article summarizes the values, content, and expediency of using digital marketing communications, depending on the generation of visitors to the HEI website. The age profile of the population of Ukraine and European countries in 2022–2023 was studied as a sign of the segmentation of the market of educational services according to the concept of generations. It was established that the average age of the population in 2023 in Ukraine is 43,9 years; in Poland – 42,5 years; in Germany it is slightly more – 44,9 years. In Ukraine, during 2022-2023, there is a decrease in generation Z – the age group of the population 18-24 years and a decrease in generation Z, Y (age group 25–34 years), which is caused mainly by the war against Ukraine. It is the specified age categories that make up the strategically important target audience of higher education institutions. At the same time, the experience of the European education system shows that the leading HEIs in Europe, among other things, work in a targeted manner with an audience of 0-4 years; 5-12 years; 13-17 years, providing opportunities to start in international schools and colleges belonging to one or another higher education institution. That is, higher education institutions in Europe purposefully educate their target audience, providing a full cycle of educational services, starting from the age of 0-4 years. The article analyzes the target audience of the websites of the leading higher education institutions of Ukraine, Poland, and Germany using Similsrweb digital marketing tools. Using the concept of generational marketing, the segments of visitors to HEI websites were selected: generations «Z», «Y», «X», «Baby Boomers», «Traditional». It has been established that the largest share among visitors to the websites of HEI are generation «Z» and generation «Y» Ukraine – 18%; Poland – 20%; Germany – 15% each generation respectively. The female share of website visitors predominates in classic higher education institutions, while technical higher education institutions have more male audiences. The average duration of a visit to a website among Generation Z (visitors aged 18–24) is 7–8 minutes. Women spend more time on the site. On average, about 30-35% of visitors leave a website after viewing only one page. The older the visitors to the HEI website are, the sharper the rate of attendance declines. In Ukraine, the decline in visitors of the older age group is slower than in Poland and Germany. Middle-aged and older people in Ukraine are more interested in the content posted on the websites of higher education institutions. Visitors to the websites of higher education institutions over 65 years of age, especially the female audience, spend a significant amount of time on the website of universities of Ukraine, Poland and Germany – an average of 9–10 minutes, which is even more than for the age categories 18–24 and 25–34 years. With the help of Similsrweb digital marketing toolkit, the subject of the content of the websites of the relevant higher education institutions of Ukraine, Poland, and Germany, which is most viewed by visitors, was analyzed. The most popular content topics on the websites of higher education institutions of Ukraine, Poland, and Germany are: programming, computer technologies, education, social sciences (mainly audience of Ukraine and Poland), news and media, video games (mainly audience of Poland).

ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER OF DEATHS DUE TO POISONING BY THE MOST COMMON POISONOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE LVIV REGION IN 2018-2023

Drunkenness is an acute social and cultural problem in Ukraine. Alcoholic poisoning occupies a leading position among household poisonings. Alcohol is the cause of more than 60% of all fatal poisonings. Each year, more than 40,000 people in Ukraine die from alcohol poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning also occupies a leading position, the statistics are very sad, adults die, children die. Poisoning with narcotics and psychotropic substances is a very urgent medical and social problem, which is far from being solved today. Aim of the work. To analyse the mortality rate due to poisoning by the most common types of poisons by age and sex of the deceased in Lviv and the region for the period 2018-2023. Materials and methods. In the work, a statistical analysis of expert conclusions from the archive of the Lviv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine for the period 2018-2023 was conducted. Results. The article provides quantitative indicators of cases of fatal poisoning, their prevalence trends, identifies the most common poisonous substances, and analyses mortality rates by age and sex. Conclusions. There is a downward trend in the total number of deaths due to poisoning. In 2023, the number of poisoning deaths will be almost halved compared to 2018. The most common poison is ethyl alcohol, 60% of people from the total number of poisonings, the second place in terms of number of deaths was carbon monoxide poisoning 21.5%, the third place was poisoning by narcotic substances 5.1%. Mortality due to poisoning in men is more than 5 times higher than in women, and men in their 40s and 50s die most often.

Виявлення мотивації людей похилого віку до занять різними видами рухової активності

Physical activity has a very important impact on the well-being and health of older people. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life, reduces the risk of various diseases and slows down the aging process. The article is devoted to the motivation of older people to engage in physical activity. The purposeof the study is to determine the motivation for engaging in various types of physical activity among elderly people in Ukraine and Poland. Methods. The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Institute of Sports and Physical Culture of the University of Economics in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture (Ukraine). The experiment involved 120 (30 men and 30 women from Ukraine and Poland) elderly people (average age 66.12 ± 2.98 years). Results. As a result of the analysis of a survey of older people, the advantages in choosing various types of physical activity for men and women living in Poland and Ukraine were revealed. In the course of studying the motivation for physical activity among older people, it was revealed that the main motives are improving health, communicating with friends and maintaining physical fitness. Conclusions. It has been established that in Poland the most common types of physical activity among older people are swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism and cycling; in Ukraine, preference is given to the same types of physical activity other than cycling, which is due to the insufficiently developed infrastructure and technical support in Ukraine. The motives for engaging in physical activity among older people have been determined. Thus, the priorities turned out to be health-improving, recreational, communicative and preventive.

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN SOCIALISATION AND WELL-BEING: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS

The article undertakes a theoretical analysis of mass media as a means of mass communication, which is a vital factor in the socialisation and well-being of humanity. The article aims to conduct a theoretical analysis of the role of mass media as a crucial factor in socialisation and well-being, to identify its impact on the human psyche, mass consciousness, and behaviour. The article also aims to assess the level of media literacy in Ukraine, investigate both the positive and negative aspects of the influence of mass media on mental health and emphasise the importance of psychosocial support through mass media in crisis situations. The study uses theoretical methods (content analysis, comparative analysis, generalisation, and systematisation) as well as an analysis of empirical data on the level of media literacy in Ukrainian society. It has been found that communication in the internet space should be aimed at immersing individuals in the media environment and oriented towards self-realisation and consumption tools. It has been noted that mass media exert a certain influence on the human psyche, mass consciousness, behaviour, and thoughts, which affects the process of socialisation. The conducted analysis of scientific research showed that the media literacy level among people in Ukraine is increasing. In Ukraine’s information space, electronic means of information transmission dominate. At the same time, it has been emphasised that information can control individuals, affect their psyche, and stimulate their thinking, actions, and deeds. It has been asserted that the process of information transmission is purposeful. It is determined that mass communication is not limited to specific videos or texts as tools of information transmission. It has been found that personal development is an uninterrupted process and continues even in complex and extreme conditions that exist in Ukraine now. It has been established that the crisis is a source of a person’s development. It has been shown that mass media is a useful tool for psychosocial support. One of the most important approaches to psychosocial aid via mass media is the dissemination of helpful information and skills that can help people with various mental states, problems, etc. It has been emphasised that mass media can provide information about professional aid, the availability of useful resources to support mental health, and whatever. It has been found that mass media cannot replace professional psychotherapy or counselling, especially in severe cases. It has been highlighted that mass media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health, particularly causing stress, anxiety, and depression. It also has been noted that mass media have a greater impact on the psyche of teenagers than adults. It has been claimed that the positive impact of mass media includes their ability to effectively and diversely disseminate information, increase the level of users’ education, provide new forms of entertainment and facilitate relaxation, as well as ease communication and establish new communicative connections. On the other hand, mass media can manipulate the psyche and public opinion, and spread fake news and disinformation, leading to a destructive impact on the psyche and developing dependence on them. It has been concluded that media have a significant influence on society, especially on children and youth, hence media literacy becomes essential for effective interaction with mass media and adequate behaviour in the information environment. In the modern world, where media play a crucial role in society and social issues, media literacy becomes an important competence for professionals in the field of psychosocial work. This professionally important quality encompasses understanding media systems, critical thinking, the ability to analyse social problems, readiness to communicate with media, and self- assertion in the media space.

LEARNING GERMAN BASED ON TEXTS

The focus of the paper is text analysis at this point in text linguistics’ evolution. It clarifies the views of both foreign and domestic linguists on how to define the term “text” and examines the research methods used in this area of study. Modern linguistics needs new principles and methods of text formation that are based on corpus linguistics. The study of language and speech is also impossible without the anthropocentric and speech principle, which is formed in perspective: man and language. In this regard, his role in the text is of great importance. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on teaching German as a “foreign” language using the text as a higher-level communicative unit, an informative code that is addressed from the subject to the object. The text should contain cognitive material, have educational opportunities, be comprehensible, arouse interest and have feedback from the learners. Of course, the perception of the text depends on many aspects: the lexical and grammatical base of the students, their general knowledge, experience, etc. While working with the text, you should not only pay attention to phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc., but also to the subject matter of the texts, which should be interesting to students. We believe that it is very effective to use newspaper texts related to education, life of young people in Ukraine and abroad, hobbies, sports, medicine, political and economic issues, etc. Approaching the study and description of the language in action is essential for interacting with the text (be it artistic, journalistic, scientific, etc.). This is an excellent chance for students to discover and apply the knowledge they have learned.

Anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (literature review)

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90 % of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Aim. The aim of the work is the analysis and systematization of new data on the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and the selection of the most promising directions for further scientific research based on the results of the analysis. Materials and methods. The study employed various methods, including analysis, information search, bibliosemantic analysis, descriptive techniques, and generalization. Research materials primarily comprised literary sources containing information on the promising array of new biologically active compounds, particularly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, known for their targeted anticancer properties. Results. A literature search was carried out, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antitumor activity were analysed, characterized and summarized. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information and patent search, it was established that the market of Ukraine is insufficiently saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs with anticancer activity of domestic production. It was determined that the development of new effective drugs based on 1,2,4-triazole and potential drugs with clearly directed anticancer activity requires a systematic approach both in conducting synthetic tests and screening new compounds for further structural optimization of molecules. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature in recent years devoted to the study of the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives convincingly proves the prospect of further research in this direction. Numerous publications indicate the possibility of constant improvement of molecules with regard to the presence of anticancer activity. Domestic and foreign authors have clearly and argumentatively proven the perspective of the scientific direction for the creation of new original drugs to combat various oncopathologies.