Peer Identification Research Articles

Extrapolation beyond peers: An asset pricing perspective

We introduce a novel measure that captures the beta deviation of individual firms from their industry peers within China's stock market. Our analysis reveals that stocks with greater beta deviation generate significantly higher future returns. This predictive power is unaffected by established return predictors and remains robust across alternative peer identification methods, beta estimation techniques, and subsample tests. Our findings suggest a behavioral interpretation, linking positive predictability to mispricing driven by investors' extrapolation biases. Overall, our research highlights the critical role of incorporating peer firms into asset pricing, particularly in emerging markets.

An intelligent optimized users resource searching and nearest peer identification in Mobile networks

SummaryMobile networks have advanced in many fields to share information with others. But finding the required resources for each user to share the data is a complex task because of the moving environment. So, the present research article has introduced a novel Chimp‐based Random Forest Peer Identification Framework (CbRFPIF) in the mobile environment. Initially, the required nodes were designed dynamically in the moving background. Hence, the designed wireless moving environment has included sender, peer, and receiver nodes. Moreover, the Chimp fitness model predicted the users' requested resources in the primary stage, then the nearest peer and the user locations were predicted. Consequently, the requested resource by users was distributed to the particular closest peers, and the peer forwarded the data to the specific users. Finally, the planned model is simulated in the NS2 environment, and the communication parameters were calculated and compared with other associated models, which gained the highest throughput and search rate.

An efficient graph‐based peer selection method for financial statements

SummaryComparing companies can be useful for various purposes. Despite the widespread use of industry classification systems as a peer selection standard, these have been criticized for various reasons. Financial statements, however, offer a promising alternative to such classification systems. They are standardized, widely available, and offer deep insights into the nature of the company. In this paper, we present a graph distance metric for financial statements using the earth mover's distance. When using the distance metric on real‐world tasks such as peer identification and industry classification, it shows promising results in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.

Identification of vulnerable selfish peer in P2P network using nature-inspired optimization techniques

Microservice is considered a distributed cloud native approach where a standalone application is composed of multiple loosely coupled and free-spirited deployable components in the form of peers. These peers are heterogeneous and autonomous by nature and behave according to their good interests. In a distributed environment, some peers subsidize others and could behave vulnerably or selfishly. These selfish peers severely affect the performance of the distributed P2P network if not addressed adequately. In distributed microservices applications, these selfish peers are addressed in two ways, i.e. Identification and Mitigation of the selfish peers. This study presents the AI-based approach towards identifying selfish peers in P2P microservices distributed networks with nature-inspired algorithms for feature selection. Efforts are also made to generate a real dataset SAMPARK followed by the standard procedure for the distributed P2P network. The developed hybrid feature selection (FS) technique composed of Grey-Wolf-Optimization (GWO) and Particle-Swarm-Optimization (PSO) is used for selecting the important feature subset. The feature selection technique combines AI-enabled techniques to develop six hybrid models for the identification of selfish peers in microservice networks. In experimentation, the effectiveness of all the proposed algorithms and models is found satisfactory, with an achieved maximum accuracy of 99.60% and outperforming other proposed approaches.

“Playing jazz is what she does”: The impact of peer identification and mastery experiences on female jazz pupils’ self-efficacy at Improbasen

This article is a conceptual analysis of the concepts of enactive mastery experience and vicarious learning experience from Albert Bandura’s socio-cognitive theory, applied to the empirical case of the Norwegian learning centre Improbasen. I outline some historical and socio-psychological contexts that posits jazz practice as a masculine stereotyped activity, to indicate various mechanisms that may cause a low self-efficacy for playing jazz in girls and non-binary children. When presenting the empirical case, I highlight the learning center’s strategies to promote gender equality. Finally, I discuss theoretically how these strategies may strengthen self-efficacy in children, relating them to experiences of mastery and vicarious learning. In conclusion I suggest that a diverse learning environment that facilitates peer identification works better for all genders than, when iconic male jazz musicians are treated as models for learning.

The Implications of Religious Peer Disagreement for Religious Epistemology

In Religious Experience and the Knowledge of God, Harold Netland offers a helpful, balanced approach to the epistemology of religious experience. The value of Netland’s volume notwithstanding, I offer a critique of Netland’s claims regarding the identification of epistemic peers, the epistemic implications of religious peer disagreement, and the viability of the demand for additional evidence as a response to instances of peer disagreement.

Enhancing value co-creation behaviour in digital peer-to-peer platforms: An integrated approach

The rising number of digital peer-to peer (P2P) platforms, e.g. Airbnb and HomeAway, has shaken up the hospitality industry by creating a specific context that leverages peer value co-creation behaviour (VCCB), but which, despite growing interest, remains under-explored. The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of peer VCCB in P2P digital platforms by investigating their antecedents and outcomes. Data are drawn from 24 interviews with managers, four focus groups with users of P2P platforms, and a survey using a sample of 712 peers. The main findings show that peers’ identification, resource-sharing and experience are predictors of their VCCB, which, in turn, influences their motivation, relationships, loyalty and active participation in the platform. The study’s implications propose guidelines to managers of P2P platforms on how to enhance peers’ perceived quality, identification, resource-sharing and experience to increase their VCCB and active participation. • Peer resources integration significantly and fully influences VCCB in peer-to-peer platforms. • Perceived system/information/service quality significantly influences peer identification and peer experience but not peer voluntary use of resources. • Peer value co-creation behaviour in P2P platforms significantly influences peer satisfaction, motivation and peer relationship strength. • Peers’ motivation in a P2P platform has a significant influence on their loyalty, which, in turn, has a significant influence on their participation in the platform. • Contributes to the hospitality theory, developing a service-dominant logic approach by providing a deeper understanding of peer value co-creation behaviour.

Aggregate Efficiency Dynamics in Lithuanian Dairy Farms

In this paper, we attempt to identify the major groups of decision making units (dairy farms) contributing to the aggregate efficiency change. We also suggest identifying influential peers in order to gain more insights into possible development strategies within a sector. The empirical application focuses on specialist dairy farms in Lithuania. The farm-level data cover the period 2004-2016. The results indicate the presence of structural changes and resulting shifts in the aggregate efficiency. Based on the results of decomposition of the covariance term and identification of the influential peers, two models can be followed by Lithuanian dairy farms, namely “pure” family farms with lower operational scale and large farms involving hired labour.

Identifying suitable benchmarks in the way toward achieving targets using data envelopment analysis

AbstractIt was earlier claimed by the authors that the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models commonly used only implement objectives concerned with target setting, while peer identification, which is a key issue for the benchmarking, is actually a by‐product. For this reason, they developed some bi‐objective DEA benchmarking models that pay special attention to the selection of benchmarks among peers, in addition to setting the closest targets. Following an analogous approach, we here continue that research and propose new models that provide a response to the question of whom to emulate to achieve the targets that have been set for a given organization. Thus, the proposed approach now aims to relate the setting of targets and the identification of peers, specifically identifying peers that may serve as benchmarks for improving performance in the direction established by the targets set. As a result, the models identify the so‐called leading benchmark, which is the one whose performance is most aligned with the targets. Eventually, a series of targets and peers are generated by varying the importance attached to the two objectives considered, which offer decision‐makers alternatives for the selection of a course of action when planning improvements.

Social Network Research contribution to evaluating process in a feasibility study of a peer-led and school-based sexual health intervention

There is growing interest in social network-based programmes to improve health, but rigorous methods using Social Network research to evaluate the process of these interventions is less well developed. Using data from the “STis And Sexual Health” (STASH) feasibility trial of a school-based, peer-led intervention on sexual health prevention, we illustrate how network data analysis results can address key components of process evaluations for complex interventions—implementation, mechanisms of impacts, and context. STASH trained students as Peer Supporters (PS) to diffuse sexual health messages though face-to-face interactions and online Facebook (FB) groups. We applied a Multilevel Exponential Random Graph modelling approach to analyse the interdependence between offline friendship relationships and online FB ties and how these different relationships align. Our results suggest that the creation of online FB communities mirrored offline adolescent groups, demonstrating fidelity of intervention delivery. Data on informal friendship networks related to student’s individual characteristics (i.e., demographics, sexual health knowledge and adherence to norms, which were included for STASH), contributed to an understanding of the social relational ‘building’ mechanisms that sustain tie-formation. This knowledge could assist the selection of opinion leaders, improving identification of influential peers situated in optimal network positions. This work provides a novel contribution to understanding how to integrate network research with the process evaluation of a network intervention.

Comparing public perceptions of substance addictions and behavioural addictions

IntroductionIdentifying addictions in peers is vital for early referral and improving outcomes. Substance addictions such as alcoholism and cocaine addiction have been recognised for a long time whereas behavioural addictions such as gambling and especially gaming are relatively new addictions. This study aims to evaluate public perceptions of substance addictions compared to behavioural addictions. MethodsThe six ICD-10 characteristics of dependence were incorporated into a series of vignettes. Participants in an online survey were asked to use a Likert scale to judge the presence and severity of addictions. The responses were analysed using the Wilcoxon Sum Rank test to allow the groups to be compared. ResultsOf the 247 participants, participants were more likely to say someone was addicted to gambling in the not addicted questions and lightly addicted question sets than the other addictions studied. Alcohol addiction was the poorest identified addiction amongst participants in the lightly addicted questions and was also poorly identified in the heavily addicted questions. Lightly addicted behaviour was poorly identified by participants in all four addictions studied. ConclusionsThe hypothesis that substance addictions are recognised better than behavioural addictions was unsubstantiated. Gambling was seen as the most addictive behaviour/substance of the four addictions whilst alcohol addiction was not recognised when minor dependent traits were exhibited and poorly recognised with heavily dependent traits. Public interventions may be needed to improve peer identification of alcohol addiction in their peers.This study indicates that the general public does not identify any minor addictions in their peers sufficiently to improve outcomes for patients.

Victims, perpetrators, and bystanders: a meta-ethnography of roles in cyberbullying.

Cyberbullying is a form of online aggression between peers, the prevalence of which varies from 10% to 40% according to studies in different countries. A large share of the scientific literature on cyberbullying tends to individualize and medicalize the causes of the violence, without understanding the context in which it takes place or the meanings it acquires for those who practice it. The study aims to understand the beliefs, values, and practices that adolescents mobilize in performing the roles involved in cyberbullying. The study was conducted as a meta-ethnography, aimed at producing a synthesis of qualitative studies based on the theoretical interpretation of their basic findings. The study's corpus consisted of 33 articles selected from the BVS, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The results include a description of expressions of cyberbullying, motivations, and adolescents' experiences as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. With symbolic interactionism as the theoretical reference, we found that cyberbullying is a unique expression of online sociability. We contend that its practice is associated with identity-building processes, based on mechanisms of peer identification and opposition by which the participants also reproduce and compete for positions of recognition in their sociability. In this process, cyberbullying sanctions behaviors that transgress a dominant symbolic order for adolescence.

Efficiency of Pig Production in the Czech Republic and in an International Context

This study presents a comparison of the performance and the ranking of pork producers in 16 countries over the period 2012–2017. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to make the ranking and identify the best practices among the involved countries (“peers”). For the DEA analysis, the output is aggregated into the category Carcass meat production in sow/year/kg, the inputs into Feed costs, Other variable costs, Labor costs, Depreciation and finance costs. In the first round of evaluation, only Brazil, the USA and The Netherlands were designated as peers. Significant differences between the highest-ranking values (1) and the lowest-ranking values (0.709) showed greater differences between European and non-European pork manufacturers. To get more European countries among the peers, non-European countries the USA and Brazil were excluded from the second round of evaluation. The second round of evaluation indicated that Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain are efficient producers with regard to the given inputs. The ratings of Germany, Italy and France are close to one (with differences of less than 4%); therefore, these countries can also be classified as efficient units. The identification of peers among selected EU producers represents “best practices” in the field.

“Us” to co-create value and hate “them”: examining the interplay of consumer-brand identification, peer identification, value co-creation among consumers, competitor brand hate and individualism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of identity-based relationships, customer brand identification and peer identification, in driving customer outcomes including customer experiential hedonic value, social influence and repurchase intentions through the effects on value co-creation among customers and competitor brand hate, while taking into consideration the moderating impact of individualism. Design/methodology/approach The study integrates social identity theory, identity-based marketing perspective and self-construal theory to develop relationships. The data comprises a web-based survey of customers in the USA and was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Customer brand identification and peer identification are drivers of value co-creation among customers, which leads to favorable outcomes at the customer and brand levels. Customer brand identification drives customers to hate competing brands, which, in turn, motivates customers to exert social influence in favor of their brand and to hold additional repurchase intentions. Customer brand identification and peer identification play different roles in motivating customers to co-create value with their fellows and drive customers to feel hatred toward competing brands contingent on customer individualism. Research limitations/implications Customer brand identification and peer identification play different roles in engaging customers in value co-creation with their peers and competing brands have with their rivals. Individualism self-construal holds a dual role when interacting with customer identification. The study fills multiple gaps in the literature by examining additional effects of customer brand identification and peer identification and exploring a relatively new dimension of the value co-creation process, as well as the role of customers in the competition between brands. Practical implications Brands need to view customers who identify with them as socially active customers capable of participating in value co-creation with other customers and engaging in the rivalry faced by the brands. Moreover, brands are required to build and nurture relationships that are based on social identification to encourage customer brand identification and peer identification which results in favorable customer and business outcomes. Originality/value This study examines the effects of two forms of customer identification on value co-creation between customers and competitor brand hate. In addition, it identifies the dual moderating role of customer individualism on the effects of both social identification forms. The study fills multiple gaps in the literature by understanding new aspects of customer identification, value co-creation and brand hate.

Learning environments for interprofessional education: A micro-ethnography of sociomaterial assemblages in team-based learning

BackgroundTeamwork and collaboration are central to interprofessional education but fostering these attributes in large undergraduate cohorts is challenging. ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the complexities of IPE group learning processes by examining how the material and intersubjective intertwine when newly formed interprofessional groups (Chinese medicine, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and social work) synchronously engaged with face-to-face and online learning in a blended, team-based learning environment. MethodsIt was a micro-ethnography study using a sociomaterial theoretical lens. We selected two undergraduate interprofessional healthcare student groups within a large scale programme for contrastive video analysis of synchronous spatial and physical configurations, associated talk, and online activity. ResultsVideo analysis of evolving physical configurations indicated that Group B was spatially more evenly grouped, and physically orientated to an identifiable leader, despite their blinded peer evaluations indicating distributed leadership. Group A faced a critical event at a public forum leading to spatial disruption breaking into subgroups and isolates; however, this group identified one member as a defined leader in the peer evaluations. ConclusionsBased on online scores, we found that peer identification of leaders may influence learning processes but not learning outcomes in the first IPE team meeting. The design of the physical and virtual learning environments contributed to the developing, sociomaterial processes of group cohesion in interprofessional team-based learning.

Organizational Identification at a Multinational Company

Abstract Objective: The present case study investigates to what extent employees working at the Dutch site of an American multinational biotechnology organization identify with this company. According to prior research, organizational identification leads to higher commitment to the organization. Gaining more insight into which factors drive or impede organizational identification can help organizations increase their employees’ identification and thus, commitment. Two hypotheses were tested. First, organizational identification was expected to be higher among international employees than Dutch employees. Second, a correlation was expected between organizational identification and organizational commitment. Methodology: A questionnaire was conducted among 296 employees of the company site. The scale of Edwards and Peccei (2007) was used to measure the construct of organizational identification. Mowday et al.’s (1979) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire was used to measure the construct of organizational commitment. All data was statistically analyzed with the software SPSS; an independent samples t-test was performed to test the first hypothesis and a Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to test the second hypothesis. Findings: Both hypotheses were confirmed. A significant difference was found between international employees (M = 5.25, SD = 1.05, n = 81) and Dutch employees (M = 4.96, SD = 1.12, n = 215) regarding organizational identification (t(293) = -2.03, p =.04, d = 0.27). Moreover, a significant positive correlation exists between organizational identification and organizational commitment (r(295) = .81, p < .001). Value Added: Most prior research regarding organizational identification has focused on top-down processes, stressing the roles managers play in developing organizational identification among employees. Scholars have devoted little attention to what factors drive or impede organizational identification in cross-cultural workplaces. Taking on a bottom-up perspective, this study concentrates on the impact of employees’ social identities, mainly considering expatriate membership, on the extent of their organizational identification. Recommendations: In order to increase organizational identification, multinational organizations could: 1) facilitate identity synergy by acknowledging the full portfolio of identities employees seek to enact within organizations, and 2) increase peer identification among employees by initiating group activities that facilitate peer-to-peer interactions, create a sense of community and strongly bond individuals to the organization.

Predicting the Session of an P2P IPTV User through Support Vector Regression (SVR)

Scalability and ease of implementation make Peer-to-Peer (P2P) infrastructure an attractive option for live video streaming. Peer end-users or peers in these networks have extremely complex features and exhibit unpredictable behavior, i.e. any peer may join or exit the network without prior notice. Peers' dynamics is considered one of the key problems impacting the Quality of Service (QoS) of the P2P based IPTV services. Since, peer dynamics results in video disruption to consumer peers, for smooth video distribution, stable peer identification and selection is essential. Many research works have been conducted on stable peer identification using classical statistical methods. In this paper, a model based on machine learning is proposed in order to predict the length of a user session on entering the network. This prediction can be utilized in topology management such as offloading the departing peer before its exit. Consequently, this will help peers to select stable provider peers, which are the ones with longer session duration. Furthermore, it will also enable service providers to identify stable peers in a live video streaming network. Results indicate that the SVR based model performance is superior to an existing Bayesian network model.

Member Retention and Donations in Nonprofit Service Organizations: The Balance Between Peer and Organizational Identification

Prior research has established that it is valuable for members to have strong organizational identification with nonprofit service organizations. However, research has not examined whether and how members are influenced by other members of a nonprofit. This paper analyzes how peer identification influences member retention and donations using survey data and actual member behavior. It distinguishes identification with the organization from identification with peers. The theory-based econometric model shows that the effect of a member’s peer and organizational identification on the likelihood of he/she will remain a member depends on the member’s relationship stage. Organizational identification has a large effect on member retention in the earlier periods of membership. However, for members of eight years or more, the favorable effect of peer identification becomes larger. Results also show that peer identification has a negative impact on donations whereas organizational identification has a positive effect regardless of stage of the member-nonprofit relationship. This paper also introduces a new construct, peer identity overlap, which influences peer identification. The article discusses how nonprofit service organizations can foster support and affirmation among members, value alignment among members, peer identity overlap, and organizational identification, as well as manage different stages of the relationship.

Jogos de linguagem e jogos de movimento: deslocamentos lúdicos na aula de língua italiana

O objetivo deste estudo é socializar duas atividades lúdicas de ensino de língua italiana que podem ser adaptadas para outros contextos de ensino. As dinâmicas baseiam-se, principalmente, em jogos linguísticos e jogos de movimento que permitem ao aluno deslocar-se em sala de aula, como, por exemplo, na atividade de desenvolvimento oral Caccia al tesoro (Caça ao tesouro), na qual o aluno deve movimentar-se pela sala em busca de colegas que preencham requisitos orientado por uma série de perguntas lúdicas e nonsense. Atividades de movimento como essa estimulam, além do uso da língua oral e da aquisição de vocabulário, possibilidades de entrosamento e (re)conhecimento de pares no microuniverso da sala de aula. A outra proposta é denominada Il sasso nello stagno (A pedra no pântano) e configura-se como a produção criativa de acrósticos. Essas práticas lúdicas são direcionadas a crianças a partir do Ensino Fundamental II e também a adultos, e se baseiam nos preceitos da Gramática da fantasia (Grammatica della fantasia, 1973), de Gianni Rodari. São jogos que promovem o estranhamento e estimulam a criatividade. Os alunos interagem, refletem sobre a língua, brincam, apre(e)ndem e as propostas didáticas fluem de uma maneira mais espontânea.

Implementation of psychosocial support project in a pediatric oncology camping program.

e22534 Background: The oncological treatment can generate psychosocial distress for patients and their families. The Beaba Camping aims to educate and empower patients and caregivers through Technology Information and Gamification. In August 2019, in the third edition of the project, a pilot of Psychosocial Support Program was implemented to provide an integrative care to 71 children and adolescents under cancer treatment and 68 caregivers. Methods: Five psychologists, specialized in paediatric psycho oncology and palliative care, were selected to structure the Psychosocial Support Program and conduct interventions during three days of the camping. Based on evidences and experiences, the psychologists divided the interventions in: 1. Individually - children and adolescents. 2. Group - caregivers: 2.1. Belonging: identification and recognition of peers. Identification of psychological distress and similar fears; 2.2. Psychological Group Intervention: creation of groups to facilitate the intervention and bonding; 2.3. Feeling of the Day: expression of which emotion was the most prevalent each day of camping; 2.4. A Word of Support: exchange supportive statements among the peers. Results: 20 children/adolescents and 19 caregivers were attended individually, with demands variating from: Anxiety and sadness; Fear of future and prognosis; Social isolation and adaptation. 68 adults participated in groups that brought discussions involving: Biggest fears and difficult moments of the treatment; Relationship with their children and adolescents; Coping strategies and spirituality. Conclusions: The Psychosocial Support is an important and essential part of the cancer treatment. The Camping with Psychosocial Support Program may enable the demystification of the role of the psychologist, the link between professionals and patients and their caregivers, the binding among peers and the education about how the psychosocial support can be helpful to everyone involved in the treatment. For future improvements, more psychologists will participate in order to attend a larger number of participants and to perform more group interventions, including with children and adolescents.