Pediatric Dermatoses Research Articles

Clinical Pattern of Dermatological Conditions among Paediatric Patients Attending Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Centre of Rural Haryana, India

Introduction: Skin disorders are common in paediatric age group and are associated with significant morbidity and stress. These differ from adults in clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Data on pattern of paediatric dermatoses can be used in planning healthcare programs. Aim: To study the clinical pattern and prevalence of various skin conditions in paediatric age group in tertiary care centre of rural Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College (W) Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India. A total of 1,003 consecutive Outpatient Department (OPD) patients upto age of 14 years presenting with skin conditions were included in study from a period May 2021 to January 2022. Various parameters like age, gender, pattern of distribution and type of skin lesions were assessed. Results were entered in excel sheet and frequency, percentages were calculated. Results: Out of 1,003 patients 56.53% were males and 43.47% were females. Maximum number (33.20%) of patients were in the age group of 1-5 years. Scabies (24.12%) was the most reported dermatological condition. Majority of dermatoses belonged to infections (32.40%) and infestations (24.83%) followed by eczemas (17.34%). Bacterial infections (15.25%) were most common infections followed by fungal (10.37%) and viral (6.78%) infections. Conclusion: In the present study, infections and infestations were most common dermatological conditions. This study provides insight about the pattern of various dermatoses among children in rural setting.

Prevalence and Pattern of Paediatric dermatoses among children in Aminu Kano teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria.

Introduction:Skin disorders are common among children, most especially the infections and infestations as the immunity is not fully developed during childhood. Skin disorders are among common causes of morbidity in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Skin disorders are major cause of concern among children. This study aimed to document the prevalence of skin diseases among children who attended the paediatric outpatient clinic of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Kano, Nigeria.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. The study population included children aged between 6 weeks and 14years from the study area who attend Paediatric Out Patient Department (POPD) clinics recruited consecutively. Data obtained from the patients included age, gender, clinical features, socio-economic class and diagnosis.Result:Two hundred and twenty-three children aged 6weeks to 14years were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the children was 84.42± 40.12. There were 110 males (49.3%) and 113 females (50.7%) with Male to female ratio 1:1.1. Fifty-five children (24.7%) had skin disorders. There were 14 specific diagnosis made. The leading categories were infections accounting for 18.3% of the skin disorders (p < 0.001). Seborrheic dermatitis was the commonest specific diagnosis found among 3.1% of the children.Conclusion:Prevalence of skin disorders among children attending POPD of Aminiu Kano Teaching Hospital is 24.7%. Infections and infestations were the commonest category of skin disorders found. (www.actabiomedica.it)

A clinico epidemiological study of pediatric dermatoses of HIV infected children in a tertiary care hospital of North Bengal

Background: Pediatric Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its dermatological manifestation has emerged a serious burden globally including India. Dermatological manifestations are unique in pediatric HIV infection and related to CD4 cell count and its percentage. The study was carried out to assess the cutaneous manifestation of HIV positive pediatric patients and its correlation with CD4 cell count in eastern part of India below 12 years of age.Methods: This analytic epidemiological study with prospective observational design was carried among 30 HIV positive children below 12 years of age in our institution over a period of one year.Results: Total 30 HIV infected children were studied among male 23 (76.67%)) and female 7 (23.33%). Age ranged from birth to 12 years with mean was 6.39±2.48 years. The skin lesions are highest in 3-6 yrs age group 12 (40%) and 33.33% of them had CD4 counts between 500-750 while 3.33% had CD4 counts above 1500. 27 patients (90%) were received ART and 3 (10%) patients were without ART. Nine distinct patterns of lesions: abscess (3), furuncles (1), maculopapular rash (2), papular (7), pruritic (10), plaque (3), soreness of tongue (2), pustules (1) and red scaly (1) were detected. 46.67% pain (14), 40.0% itching (12) and 13.33% burning sensation (4) were the main symptoms and 20.0% face (6), 16.7% oral cavity (5), 20.0% hands (6), 10.0% abdomen (3) and 33.3% legs (10) were principal site of involvement. 13 different skin lesions: fungal infection (3), furuncles (1), urticaria (4), scabies (5), prurigo (5), measles (1), molluscum contagiosum (1), abscess (3), venous leg (1), pyoderma (1), atopic dermatitis (1), chicken pox (2) and glossitis (2) were diagnosed.Conclusions: Various dermatological manifestations are common with pediatric HIV infection and sometime are the first clinical presentation that is well correlated with CD4 cell count and its percentage.

Clinicoepidemiology of Skin Diseases in Children Seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar.

Introduction The child's skin diseases are common and very diverse. Many studies concerning pediatric dermatoses have been carried out in Africa and the rest of the world. Few epidemioclinical data reflect these skin diseases in children, especially in the east coast of Madagascar. We aim to describe the pattern skin diseases among children seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar. Patients and Methods. A retrospective study over a 3-year period from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted in children seen in the Dermatology Department of University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, with skin diseases. Results During the study period, 347 children out of the 1584 new patients were retained with a sex ratio of 0.86. The mean age was 6.4 years old. The main diseases identified were skin infectious diseases (43, 23%), allergic dermatoses (24.21%), and autonomous dermatosis (15.56%). Conclusion Our study revealed the importance of infectious and allergic dermatoses in Toamasina. It is necessary to carry out simple preventive actions such as hygiene.

Seasons and pediatric dermatoses: a cross-sectional observational study in an urban skin hospital

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; It is a well-known that climatic conditions and seasonal variation have a direct effect on skin and the prevalence of certain skin diseases change directly with changing seasons. The presence of certain skin diseases in children reflect the status of health, hygiene and personal cleanliness of the society. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of various skin conditions in different seasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; All fresh cases of children under 12 years of age attending the skin OPD were recorded and were divided based on the three seasons i.e.; summer winter and rainy. The results were statistically evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The top six conditions of our study were impetigo, miliaria, pityriasis alba, scabies, xerosis and papular urticaria. Impetigo and miliaria were more common during summer season, xerosis during winter season and scabies during rainy season.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Different climatic conditions have varied effect on the skin and may lead to various dermatoses. To effectively corelate between seasons and skin conditions more such extensive studies on different population and ethnic groups have to be conducted.&lt;/p&gt;

Clinical Pattern of Pediatric Dermatoses Attending a Multi-Specialty Hospital

Introduction: Pediatric dermatoses deal with skin disease in children from birth to 18 years. This age group comprises significant physiological changes, and hence the pattern of disease including skin disease is unique to them. Skin diseases are influenced by the local climatic factor and socio-economic status which differ in different geographic areas including within the country.&#x0D; Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical spectrum of skin disease in children from 1 day to 18 years of age and to find any seasonal influence on the disease pattern.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted retrospectively in a multi- specialty hospital from May 2014 to April 2015. Data of children from 1 day to 18 years of age were analyzed. Demographic details like age, sex, ethnicity was noted. The month and season of the presentation were also recorded. Patient with a confirmed clinical diagnosis and adequate data was included in the study. Patients were divided into 5 age groups; neonate (0 days to 1 month), infant (1 month to 2 years), young child (2-6 years), child (6-12 years), and adolescent (12-18 years). Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done with SPSS version 22 along with the Chi-square test.&#x0D; Result: There were 20.65% of pediatric patients out of 3292 patients visiting skin OPD. The male to female ratio was 1.63:1. The majority of the cases (47.8%) were in the adolescent age group. Infection and infestation were the predominant diagnosis (56.02%), followed by eczema (15.88%) and urticaria (6.47%). Among infection, fungal infection was seen as the majority (26.17%).Papular urticaria and urticaria were significantly (p-value &lt;0.05) more common in summer, while scabies was more common in the spring season (p-value &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Infection and infestation followed by eczema/dermatitis and urticaria were the three most common groups of dermatoses. There was a seasonal influence on a few common dermatoses like scabies, urticaria and papular urticaria.

Skin Diseases in a Pediatric Hospital of Nepal.

The skin diseases of pediatric population are varied which change according to age and season. There is a rarity of studies on pediatric skin conditions from Nepal. This observational study from the only tertiary care referral pediatric center of the country highlighted the burden of pediatric skin diseases in Nepalese population. All new cases of pediatric patients less than 14 years of age consulting the pediatric dermatological OPD of Kanti Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were included in this study. Demographic details of all the patients such as age and sex were recorded. The diagnosis was made clinically in most instances and appropriate laboratory and histopathological examination were performed wherever necessary. A total of 7683 pediatric patients were included in the study. Among these, there were 4574 (59.53%) males and 3109 (40.47%) females. The most common skin condition was infections among 2463 (32.12%) followed by eczematous conditions in 1711(22.27%) and hypersensitivity reactions in 1510 (19.65%). Infections were more common during the summer months. Overall, both infectious and noninfectious skin diseases were significantly more common during the warmer (summer and spring) months as compared to colder (autumn and winter) months (p < 0.001). This study shows that the pediatric dermatoses are common in Nepalese population.

TO INVESTIGATE THE PATTERN OF PEDIATRIC DERMATOSES IN DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Pediatric dermatoses are common presentations in dermatology clinics. The pattern of pediatric dermatoses depends on ecological characteristics, sanitary conditions, social practices and genetics. The Dermatology Clinic, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital receives a lot of pediatric patients every day. Therefore, we conducted this research with the aim of contributing to a general overview of pediatric dermatology of children visiting this clinic. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed of patients under 16 years old, at the Dermatology Clinic from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2019. Results: There were 1184 visits of children under 16, accounting for 16.8% of general visits. The proportion of male and female was nearly equal and the most common age group was 1-6 (49.7%). June, July, October and November were the months with the highest number of pediatric patients. The three most common skin diseases were dermatitis (35.3%), fungal infections (11.7%) and impetigo (9.4%). Dermatitis was the most common skin disease in all age groups and seasons of the year. Conclusion: Pediatric dermatoses have a diverse pattern, in which the most common group of diseases is dermatitis.

CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF PEDIATRIC DERMATOSES IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN CENTRAL NEPAL

Background: Skin diseases are common health problem in children all over the world. How­ever, there is scarcity of epidemiological studies on pediatric dermatoses in Nepal. This study was done to identify the pattern and age variations of pediatric dermatoses in a tertiary care centre in central Nepal. Methods: All children 18 years and below with skin disease attending dermatology OPD between the period of June 15, 2019 to December 15, 2019 were included in the study. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis with which descriptive statistics was done. Results: A total of 2789 patients (60.1% male and 39.9% female) with 2895 diagnoses were re­corded during this period. The most common dermatoses were infections and infestations (62.8%) followed by eczema (12.1%), acne (7.5%) and urticaria (4.8%). Pigmentary disorder constituted 2.6%. Insect bite reaction was seen in 2.6%, miliaria 2 %, papulosquamous disorders 1.5% followed by disorders of hairs and nails 0.9%. Conclusions: This study revealed the most prevalent skin diseases in children in specialized der­matology clinic in a developing country such as Nepal. Fungal infection was commonest disease in adolescent and school age children whereas bacterial infection was commonest in infants, toddler and preschool children. Acne was predominantly seen in adolescent.

Diet in Pediatric Dermatology

Relation between dietary habits and pediatric dermatoses is well established in literature. Every dermatologist needs to have a thorough evidence-based knowledge of all the skin conditions that are affected by food either directly or indirectly, especially in today's world, where patients are looking for holistic solutions for all their ailments. Nutritional deficiencies, metabolic conditions, dermatitis herpetiformis, and urticaria are well-known entities related to food. Apart from these, a few skin conditions such as atopy, acne, and psoriasis have some correlation to food intake. A thorough knowledge of diet and its effect on dermatological conditions is important where alternative systems lay a lot of stress on the kinds of food that may be consumed in certain skin conditions. Parents should be counseled about the myths related to dietary modifications as this may lead to nutritional deficiencies in children.

Pattern of pediatric dermatoses at a tertiary care hospital, SIMS, Shivamogga

Introduction: The major health problem in the pediatric age group is skin diseases and is associated with the significant morbidity. Aim: To study the incidence of dermatoses among the pediatric age group at tertiary health care in Shivamogga. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out among the children upto 14 years who came to Dermatology outpatient department. The study was carried out between the month of January to March 2018. Diagnosis was made based on appropriated detailed history, cinical features and investigations. Results: The commonest pediatric dermatoses in our study were the infections and infestations. This was followed by other non-infective dermatoses like insect bite reactions, miliaria, dermatitis and others. Conclusion: Infections are the dermatoses which exceeded in our study and these are potentially controllable and preventable. Hence health care strategies that target infections represent the key to an efficient child health care program. Keywords: Children, Dermatoses, Infections.

A study of paediatric dermatoses in tertiary care center, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Introduction: Pediatric dermatology is an important branch of dermatology that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin diseases occurring in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Aims:The present study was conducted to find out the pattern and prevalence of various dermatosis among the paediatric age group. Materials and Methods: This is prospective, cross sectional study. A total 2456 patients were recruited in 1-14 year of age, who presented with dermatosis in dermatology clinic of GMERS medical college, Gandhinagar. The study was conducted from March 2016 to February 2017(12 Months), and diagnosis was made based on clinical examination and necessary investigation if required. Results: Males were outnumbered female in present study with ratio of 1.45:1. The majority of patients were in the age group of >6-14 year (44.09%). Infections and infestations were most common constituting 65.19% followed by eczema and dermatitis group of disorder constituting 12.02% (n=324). Appendageal disorder constitutes 6.42% (n=173) followed by cutaneous vascular response (4.27%), nutritional dermatosis (2.67%), pigmentary disorder (2.15%), keratinization disorder (2.0%) and papulosquamous disorder (1.89%). Least common disorder include nevi, genodermatoses, collagen vascular disorder and vesiculobullous diorde. Conclusion: This study helps us to know the prevalence of skin diseases in pediatric age group and thus we can take adequate measures for their prevention and treatment in this region. Keywords: Paediatric, Dermtoses, Infections and Infestations.

Prevalence and spectrum of pediatric dermatoses in school children: comparing hospital and school in rural Bangalore

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Pediatric dermatoses are emerging distinct entities. The exact prevalence and pattern of dermatoses is not well known in India. This novel study attempts to simultaneously assess the prevalence and distribution of skin dermatoses in hospital and community among children of age 5-16 years in rural Bangalore, India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A cross sectional prospective descriptive study of one week duration in July 2019 was conducted in east point hospital and Government school in rural Bangalore in the vicinity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The study had a total of 119 children, 72 from the hospital and 47 from the school with prevalence of dermatoses being 33.8% and 70% respectively (p&amp;lt;0.00001). Primary school children were most commonly affected. Non-infectious dermatoses were most common, more so in school with eczematous lesions predominating. Bacterial infectious dermatoses were found more frequently in hospital children, while parasitic infestations were encountered commonly in school. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Pediatric dermatosis seems to be widely prevalent in India. Children visiting hospitals constitute only the tip of the iceberg present in the community.&lt;/p&gt;

Home remedies in different pediatric dermatoses: An observational study

Traditional medicinal systems are widely practiced in the Indian subcontinent for a wide variety of diseases. We aimed to identify the various home remedies used by people to treat numerous pediatric dermatoses. It was an observational study carried out over 18 months in which 150 children attending our clinics were recruited. A detailed history regarding the various indigenous preparations used was taken from caregivers and noted in a proforma. A total of 150 children (M:F-89:61) aged between 4 months to 18 years were included. Atopic dermatitis and eczema (n = 28) were the most common dermatoses whereas the most common home remedies used for these either solo or in combination were coconut oil (13), olive oil (11), mustard oil (7), aloevera gel (6), ghee (6), curd (4), and honey (2). Acne was the second most common dermatoses (n = 22), products used for acne were Fuller's earth, aloevera gel, turmeric, gram flour, mustard oil, lime and sandalwood paste. Other dermatoses treated by indigenous products included impetigo and other bacterial infections, seborrheic dermatitis, dermatophytoses, verruca, molluscum, hypopigmentary disorders, etc. In Indian setup, home remedies are commonly used by the caregivers before visiting a dermatologist to treat various pediatric dermatoses.

Clinico-etiological study of pediatric dermatoses in tertiary health care hospital in East-coast Andhra Pradesh, India

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Pediatric dermatoses vary vastly from adult dermatoses in clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis and are more influenced by socioeconomic status, climatic exposure, dietary habits, external environment, thereby needing a special view in this field. The present study was carried to determine the clinico-epidemiological patterns of pediatric dermatoses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Consecutive 2581 children aged &amp;gt;1 month to 12 years with 2661 dermatoses attending dermatology OPD in tertiary care hospital, Kakinada (May 2018 to June 2019) with clinical evidence of cutaneous disorder were studied. Complete history and cutaneous examination with necessary investigations are recorded.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Infestations disorder in 39.68% followed by eczematous disorder 19.80%, infection in 13.71%, pigmentary disorder in 8.34%, papulosquamous disorder in 5.82%, appendageal disorder in 2.93%, nutritional disorder in 2.21% and drug reactions including toxic epidermal necrolysis in 1.12%, child abuse and sexually transmitted diseases in 0.37% was the pattern in the present study. Rare cases including aplasia cutis, cutis laxa, ectodermal dysplasia, monilethrix and griscelli syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa, ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital syphilis were also observed. The most common cutaneous dermatoses are infection and infestations followed by eczemas and nutritional disorders. Surprisingly STD and child abuse contributed significantly which cannot be neglected. Genodermatosis were notable in the study probably due to the high incidences of consanguineous marriage&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The study reinforces features of tropical paediatric dermatology especially high prevalence of infections and infestations in school children (5-12 years) which highlights the need of proper counselling of caretaker regarding skin hygiene and establishment of specialized paediatric dermatology clinics.&lt;/p&gt;

An epidemiological study of pattern of dermatoses in paediatric age group at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Various dermatoses like infections and infestations and other non-infective dermatoses like atopic eczema, pigmentary disorders, papulo-squamous disorders, hair disorders, genetic disorders, hemangiomas etc. affect children causing significant morbidity. The pattern of dermatoses varies from place to place due to differences in geography, climate, culture and socio-economic background. Prevalence of pediatric dermatoses in India are around 9% to 35%. This study is undertaken to know the pattern, incidence, prevalence, contributing factors and prognosis of dermatoses affecting paediatric age group attending Dermatology outpatient department in tertiary health teaching hospital in South India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This is a prospective study; various skin disorders were studied in 1360 paediatric patients up to 18 years of age were studied for a period of 12 months from September 2017 to October 2018. Demographic data, general, systemic and cutaneous examination findings were recorded in a proforma for analysis and interpretation of data.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; There were 762 boys and 598 girls in total 1360 study population. The most common dermatoses were eczematous eruptions and dermatitis (22.57%), infections and infestations (20.8%%), infestations (18.96%), hypersensitivity disorders (6.91%). The study showed no statistical differences between sex and age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This study on epidemiological and clinical patterns emphasizes the need on training the management of common paediatric dermatoses to dermatologists, paediatricians for early treatment. Proper implementation of child health programmes and awareness programmes can be done based on such data or to treat them appropriately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Pediatric dermatoses pattern at a Brazilian reference center

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the pattern of pediatric dermatoses of patients evaluated at a dermatologic clinic of a reference center in Brazil and to compare these results to similar surveys conducted in other countries. MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients up to 18 years old, evaluated at a dermatologic clinic between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. Variables collected for analysis included age, gender, dermatological diagnosis, multidisciplinary follow-up, hospitalization, and complementary exams. ResultsA total of 2330 patients were included for analysis, with a mean age of 9.7 years. 295 patients were diagnosed with more than one skin disease, leading to a total of 2668 diagnoses. Skin diseases were organized into categories and inflammatory dermatoses corresponded to the largest group (31.2%), mostly due to atopic dermatitis (18.3%). The other main categories were: genodermatoses (14.2%), infectious diseases (12.6%), adnexal disorders (12.5%), cysts and neoplasms (10.7%), and vascular disorders (7.0%). Fifty-six patients needed to be admitted to the dermatology ward; 25 of them (44.6%) for management of worsening of the skin disease, mainly atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and drug reactions. There were 885 biopsies performed in 38.0% of the subjects and 751 patients (32.2%) required multidisciplinary care; most of them had some genodermatoses. ConclusionsDermatologic disorders are very common in the pediatric age group and differ from those in adults, suffering influence from cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Knowing the magnitude and distribution of these dermatoses is important to better plan healthcare policies.

Cyclosporine a in recalcitrant pediatric dermatoses – A retrospective analysis of thirty children

Background: The therapeutic use of cyclosporine is gradually extending to various dermatoses including both in adults and children. There are meager studies from India supporting its safe use in pediatric dermatoses. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to study the safety and efficacy profile of children treated with cyclosporine for recalcitrant dermatoses. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case files of children below 18 years of age where cyclosporine A (CsA) was used within the past 5 years was done. Results: A total of thirty cases were studied. The CsA dose used in our patients ranged from 3 to 4 mg/kg/day for a time period varying from 4 to 24 weeks. A good to excellent response was seen in 23 (76.66%) cases. Few children developed side effects mostly reversible with dose modification. Conclusion: Cyclosporine within the therapeutic range can be used safely in recalcitrant pediatric dermatoses.

Clinicoepidemiological study of prevalence and pattern of dermatoses among patients of pediatric age group in southeast region of Rajasthan

Background: Pediatric dermatoses present as one of the most common clinical entities in dermatology clinics. They differ in clinical presentation and management from adults. Their prevalence and pattern differ from region to region due to several factors such as environmental, social, genetic, and cultural. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of various dermatoses among children of the age group 0–18 years in Southeast region of Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: Our study included 1000 cases of 0–18 years age group attending the dermatology outpatient and inpatient department of Government Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Kota. It was carried out from December 2017 to September 2018 (10 months). Appropriate history was taken, and a complete thorough examination was done as required. Relevant investigations were done, and all the findings were recorded in predesigned pro forma. Results: Our study included 560 males and 440 females of 1000 with the male-to-female ratio of 1.272:1. There were 553 urban and 447 rural participants. The patients were subgrouped in the age group of 0–1 year, 1–7 years, 8–12 years, and 13–18 years. The most prevalent dermatoses in 0–1 year age group were eczematous disorders (31.91%). Viral infections were predominant in 26.08% and 23.47% in the age groups of 1–7 years and 8–12 years, respectively. The most common dermatoses in the age group of 13–18 years were disorders of sweat and sebaceous glands (20.15%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates variability of dermatoses among pediatric patients according to their age groups. This information should contribute to raising the awareness of pediatricians and dermatologists regarding the most common dermatological diagnosis in those patient populations.

The use of systemic medications in pediatric dermatoses: A review

Research has begun to illustrate a favorable efficacy and side-effect profile for many systemic agents used in pediatric dermatological conditions (i.e. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, alopecia areata, chronic spontaneous urticaria, autoimmune blistering disorders, and hidradenitis suppurativa) despite not having extensive randomized clinical trials. The purpose of this article is to summarize the available data on the treatment regiments, safety, and efficacy of systemic immunosuppressants, including the newer biologics, focusing on the most up-to-date systematic reviews or randomized clinical trials. The review demonstrates that many of the present studies lack data on long-term efficacy and consist of small patient populations. Further research into the long-term safety of these systemic medications is of vital importance especially due to the chronic nature of most pediatric dermatological conditions that require the use of systemic agents. Keywords: systemics, immunosuppressant medications, biologics, pediatric dermatology conditions