Psychological Peculiarities Research Articles

ДИНАМІКА ЦІННІСНИХ ОРІЄНТАЦІЙ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПСИХОЛОГІВ ПІД ЧАС НАВЧАННЯ У ЗВО

Стаття присвячена аналізу психологічних особливостей ціннісних орієнтацій студентів-психологів. Здійснюється аналіз понять «цінності» та «ціннісні орієнтації», визначається вплив системи ціннісних орієнтацій на формування особистості молодої людини, її подальшу життєву спрямованість. Аналізуються психологічні особливості студентської молоді та їх взаємозв’язок з домінуючими ціннісними орієнтаціями. Подано результати емпіричного дослідження, в якому прослідковано динаміку ціннісних орієнтацій студентів-психологів під час навчанні у ЗВО. Прослідковано вплив вимог майбутньої професії на зміст системи ціннісних орієнтацій.

Psychological Peculiarities Pertaining to Conducting a Search of Adult Criminals and Juvenile Delinquents

The article discusses the problems of psychological preparation by an investigator to carry out a search and seizure as independent investigative actions. A quick and complete investigation of crimes depends on the skills and abilities of the investigator when applying methods of lawful mental influence on the person being searched. Psychological problems, questions of organizing the conducting a search are the objects of the works of M.I. Enikeeva, N.P. Yablokova, V.A. Obraztsova, V.I. Popova, A.S. Knyazkova, R.L. Ahmedshina, T.V. Averyanova, R.S. Belkina, Yu. G. Korukhova, E.R. Rossinskaya, etc. The purpose of this article is to consider the psychological nature of the search, to reveal a specific series of circumstances. In legal literature, a search is understood to mean not only search coercive activity, but also the cognitive activity of the investigator. Peculiarities of the investigator's cognitive activity are expressed in the personal perception of the searched premises and the personality of the most searched in a conflict situation. It should be noted that at the time of the search, the constitutional rights of citizens to privacy and the right to privacy of housing are limited. Therefore, compliance by the investigator with the procedural order of the search and the rule of law ensures the effectiveness of this investigative action, which in turn guarantees the observance of the constitutional rights of citizens.

PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA: POSTPRANDIAL DISTRESS SYNDROME

Among all causes of epigastric pain or burning, early satiety, bothersome fullness, the most common one is functional dyspepsia (FD). Analysis of psychological peculiarities of patients with FD becomes one of the key problems. The aim: To compare the level of anxiety, depression, and social functioning of patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), patients with epigastric pain syndrome (EBS), and healthy volunteers. This cross-sectional study was conducted in adult patients with FD (58 patients with PDS and 37 patients with EPS) and healthy volunteers (30 persons). Patients’ social functioning was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Anxiety and depression levels were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients with PDS showed significantly lower rates of physical functioning (p=0.0002), role physical (p=0.003), bodily pain (p=0.0001), general health (p=0.0001), vitality (p=0.0001), and social functioning (p=0.0003), in comparison with healthy volunteers. This group also showed significantly lower rates of general health (p=0.041), and social functioning (p=0.048), as compared to patients with EPS. FD led to an increase in anxiety levels regardless of the type of disease as compared with healthy volunteers (p=0.024). Patients with PDS had elevated depression levels compared to patients with EPS (p=0.023) and healthy volunteers (p=0.001). Each type of FD has a certain impact on the social functioning, anxiety and depression levels. Patients with PDS manifested significant differences in the psychological state as compared to patients with EPS, and healthy volunteers.

Psychological Grounds for Judicial Activity

The subject of the research is the personal traits of a judge and psychological peculiarities of judicial process. The authors focus on personal traits of all participants of a judicial process. The stage of trial is the climax of the entire pre-trial procedure. At this stage there is a direct confrontation between parties, available evidences are presented, studied and evaluated, in rare cases new evidences are discovered. This is the stage when a judge has the main role, besides legal functions he also arranges and manages regulation of interaction between all participants. In the course of their research the authors have used the methods of bibliographical analysis, analysis of documents and observation over participants of court procedcure. For efficient performance of his or her functions, a judge must have excellent knowledge of law and a whole number of personal qualities such as strong will, resistence to stress, communicative skills, etc. A judge experiences the influence of certain negative factors that accumulate and may seriously harm his or her personality. Another important role is performed by a prosecutor who also represents the state but is always at the part of accusation. Prosecutor's competence, argumentation and persuasion skills allow to complete efforts made by law enforcement agencies at the pre-trial stage. The accused is another participant worthy of attention. At the stage of trial his or her personality undergoes serious changes that define his or her further behaviour. The judicial decision-making process implies all kinds of available evidences as well as personal traits of all participants of a criminal process. 

Psychological Peculiarities Pertaining to Conducting a Search of Adult Criminals and Juvenile Delinquents

Abstract The article discusses the problems of psychological preparation by an investigator to carry out a search and seizure as independent investigative actions. A quick and complete investigation of crimes depends on the skills and abilities of the investigator when applying methods of lawful mental influence on the person being searched. Psychological problems, questions of organizing the conducting a search are the objects of the works of M.I. Enikeeva, N.P. Yablokova, V.A. Obraztsova, V.I. Popova, A.S. Knyazkova, R.L. Ahmedshina, T.V. Averyanova, R.S. Belkina, Yu. G. Korukhova, E.R. Rossinskaya, etc. The purpose of this article is to consider the psychological nature of the search, to reveal a specific series of circumstances. In legal literature, a search is understood to mean not only search coercive activity, but also the cognitive activity of the investigator. Peculiarities of the investigator's cognitive activity are expressed in the personal perception of the searched premises and the personality of the most searched in a conflict situation. It should be noted that at the time of the search, the constitutional rights of citizens to privacy and the right to privacy of housing are limited. Therefore, compliance by the investigator with the procedural order of the search and the rule of law ensures the effectiveness of this investigative action, which in turn guarantees the observance of the constitutional rights of citizens.

TOPICALITY OF CONSIDERATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF STRUCTURING MODELS OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR

In economic theories, considerable importance is attached to the research connected with the manifestations of the behavior and modelling of different social entities (individuals, reference groups, ethnic groups) as economic entities. Attempts are made to construct effective economic behavioral models by applying mathematical methods. In this context, solutions to problems in which individual and ethno- psychological peculiarities of economic entities act as factors have become relevant in psychology. It is assumed that economic activity which takes into account psychological peculiarities of different social layers of society can contribute to the formation of balanced inter-communal economic relations, which, in its turn, can prevent the process of economic stratification, containing antagonistic elements, and keep the society away from political shocks.

Actional potential of a pupil’s personality: theoretical-methodological basics of the research

In the article the importance and possibilities of introduction of action approach in the system of education are described. The essence of the psychological- educational matter of the definition of "actional potential of pupil’s personality" have been discvered. The psychologically-educational principles of evaluation of actional potential of senior pupil have been developed and proved. The basic criteria of them have been recognized as the following: pupil’s cognitive and emotional percetion of the significance of their actional activity, subjective and objective incentives and the possibilitiesof their actualization, subjective experience of actional activity in the different spheres of life. An empirical research program was developed, tested and covered the following stages: collecting empirical material, fixing and forming experiments, analyzing and interpreting the results. According to the resuls of empiric investigation the summary has been made about that teachers and senior pupils don’t have a clear idea of the main goals and criteria of modern school education; don’t link it with the formation of readiness of action. The psychological characteristics of situational, motivational, active and afteractive components of the actional potential of school youth are revealed. The level of the development of the actional potential has been revealed the individually-typological characteristics of actional potential of senior pupils according to the components: “I am in a situation”, “I want”, “I can”, “I react”. There are three main clusters, which appropriate of the formation of actional potential in senior pupils: low, medium and high. The psychological peculiarities of the development of actional potential of senior pupils have been elucidated and they have proved principal possibility of the development and actualization of their actional activity in the conditions of an educational establishment. Teachers are involved into action-oriented measures more contribute to the development of humanistic approach to the education of the pupil's personality.

Becoming of the gender identity of senior teens in the value dimension of personality

In the article we deals with the theoretical analysis of the problem of the formation of gender identity of senior teenagers in the value dimension of the personality. We defined the concept of the «gender identity of older teenagers» as an integrative personal entity, which includes the system of cognitive representations, value attitudes and interactions of the articles and reflects their subjective position in the adoption, assimilation and reproduction of models of the sexual behavior in the field of the traditional and egalitarian cultures. In the article we theoretically substantiated and empirically studied the psychological peculiarities of the relationship between the feminine and masculine construct of the gender identity and values as the motivational core of the personality at the levels of normative ideals and individual priorities. We proved that the value structures of girls and boys of the senior adolescence at the levels of normative ideals and individual priorities are characterized by consistency and incompatible existence, which testifies to the existence of a value conflict. We established that the feminine-masculine construct of gender identity is reflected in the ambivalent content of values at both levels, which testifies about the traditional and egalitarian orientations of the investigators and confirms the presence of senior teenagers at the stage of search, value self-determination, the choice that is crucial for the formation of gender identity in the period mature personality.

Особливості розробки корекційної програми по роботі з молодшими школярами, які мають ознаки невротичних розладів

The aim of the article was the study of peculiarities of neurotic disorders in children of the young school age, and also the development of the program for the children of this age with the signs of neurotic disorders. The actuality of the research is connected with the necessity of the study of psychological peculiarities of neurotic disorders in children of the young school age, which are researched not sufficiently enough and require a deeper study, especially the development of the complex program that will include the system of training exercises for overcoming neurotic manifestations in children of the young school age. The article presents the theoretical analysis of the modern methods in Psychology for studying peculiarities of neurotic disorders in children of the young school age. The analysis of the terms 'neurosis', 'neurotic disorders' has been conducted in the work.When speaking of neurosis we understand the psychogenic disease of a personality during the process of formation, thus it is influenced by everything that can complicate the formation of the personality of children and it contributes to the general build-up of the neuropsychic tension in children. These factors of influence include sociopsychological, sociocultural and socioeconomic causes.The results of the empiric study, which was focused on the detecting the peculiarities of the neurotic disorders in children of the young school age, are reviewed. It is registered that the medium and high levels of anxiety and depression prevail in children of the young school age. The peculiarities of development and approbation of the correction program which is aimed on the decrease of the neurotic manifestations in younger pupils are discovered.Key words: neurosis, neurotic disorders, neurotic behavior, emotional manifestation, affective behavior, correction program, young school age.

PREPARATION OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY IN THE ENGLISH TEACHING PROCESS

The article deals with the problem of ensuring continuity in the process of English teaching at primary school and the preparation of a teacher for its implementation.The factors that influence the pupils’ motivation to study English are determined. Psychological peculiarities of junior pupils are revealed. It will help the future teachers to select material and organize English language teaching at primary school. The authors state that the research work of future specialists and the use of innovative teaching methods in the educational process of the universities will promote the students’ training. It is highlighted that one of the ways that enables students to improve their skills is to organize students’ group work for a project in practical classes. The use of portfolio method as a form of evaluation and self-assessment of students’ individual success is described.It is proved that the use of these methods in the educational process contributes to the development of critical thinking of students and their ability to analyze the educational material.It is emphasized that in the conditions of implementation of the principle of continuity it is important to extend the terms of students’ pedagogical practice and to conduct it at school and in the kindergarten. It will help graduates to learn modern methods of English teaching better and learn how to create academic environment based on the principle of continuity.It is noted that the necessity of introducing the innovations is due to several circumstances: the socio-economic transformations and the scientific technological progress; a strengthening of the education’s humanization context, continuous changes in the volume and composition of educational disciplines, the introduction of new specialties, the educational disciplines and subjects.An important aspect of teachers training is the establishment of a partnership between the faculties of pedagogical education and schools, and the intensification of cooperation between university teachers and primary school teachers in practical terms, inparticular, in holding the joint scientific and practical workshops. A good example of such cooperation is making agreements with certain schools predetermined to serve as the bases for students’ teaching practice, and thus, creating appropriate conditions for the future.

Creation of Coping-Profiles of Managers for Obtaining Methods of Coping in Socially Significant Situations during Negotiations

Professional activity of managers, entrepreneurs and other persons who often enter into negotiations implies high density of difficulties and problem situations. This study explored whether social and psychological peculiarities of personality preferred negotiating styles and response to ambiguity may be determinants of productive coping behaviour. The authors surveyed 105 managers of medium and large-sized business aged from 23 to 59. The average age of the respondents is 35.37 years. The study measured an adaptive level of coping strategies by E. Heim's Coping Questionnaire, peculiarities of personality by 5PFQ P. Costa and R. McCrae, preferred negotiating styles and response to ambiguity. Results suggested that adaptive coping strategies more frequently used by less anxious, emotionally healthy managers who in dealing with colleagues and subordinates show respect, willingness to understand and accept the other's point of view, comparative to non-adaptive or relatively adaptive coping strategies using managers with high anxiety, emotional instability and less developed communication skills. It was found the correlation between preferences of the negotiation styles and personality characteristics of respondents. Managers who use adaptive behavioural coping techniques in socially significant and stressful situations are characterized by a higher degree of respect for the people around them (p<0.001), greater emotional relaxation (p<0.001). These social and psychological characteristics may be considered as the determinants of a person's use of adaptive coping ways under challenging situations and more or less serve as a guarantee for their successful overcoming.

PECULIARITIES OF THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO STUDY IN DIFFERENT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

This article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of the freshmen to the educational activity at the institution of higher education of different directions of preparation. The psychological characteristics of adolescence are analyzed . Society puts young people the task of professional self-determination in terms of a real choice, which becomes the psychological center of the social situation of the development of a young person. Professional self-determination as the center of the social situation of development forms a kind of inner position of the senior student, which is associated with a change in attitudes toward the future. The concept of adaptation in the psychological and pedagogical literature, which is regarded as the process of adapting the organism to a new environment, is studied. The psychological peculiarities of adaptation of freshmen to study at a higher education institution are substantiated. The adaptation of the first-year student to the new learning environment is influenced by the academic group, the public opinion in it, and the collective mood. The basic methods of research of psychological adaptation of freshmen to study at a higher education institution, taking into account the direction of preparation, are analyzed. The urgency of this problem is due to the great social need in studies of adaptation of freshmen students to study at a higher education institution. The research sample was compiled, which included the students of the first years of the Poltava Pedagogical and Technical Universities in the specialties Psychology and Geology, the stages of the study and analyzed the results of the study of the peculiarities of psychological adaptation to study at a higher education institution of students of the first year of education at the Bachelor’s degree in different fields of training.

PECULIARITIES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CIVIC IDENTITY

Aim. The aim of the research is to determine the psychological peculiarities of citizens with various types of civic identity.
 Methods. 190 Ukrainian citizens were interviewed about their relations with parents (or guardians) in the childhood , features of family upbringing, priority values of the parents' family, experience of interpersonal relationships with peers, participation in school/student activities, lifestyle, etc. The following psycho-diagnostic techniques were also used: questionnaire "Level and Type of Civic Identity" (Petrovska, 2018); "World Assumptions Scale" (Janoff-Bulman, adapted by Padun & Kotelnikova, 2008); "Portrait Values Questionnaire" (Schwartz, adapted by Semkiv, 2013); "Interpersonal Trust Scale" (Rotter, adapted by Dostovalov, 2000); questionnaire "Level of Social Frustration" (Vasserman, 2004); "Social Activity Scale" (Lewicka, adapted by Cholij, 2010).
 Results. The typology of citizens ("devoted", "moderate", "disappointed", "indifferent" and "alienated") was created in accordance with the specificity of the formation of civic identity components (cognitive, value, affective, behavioral). Significance (value)/insignificance, positive/negative attitude towards belonging to the state and community of citizens and forms of activity/inactivity in relation to the state and citizens made up the basis of the classification. Also, psychological peculiarities of citizens with foregoing types of civic identity were determined.
 Conclusions. The main factors in the formation of a certain type of civic identity are basic beliefs (in particular, the justice of the world, the ability to control the events of one's life and self-value); civic behavioral patterns of reference persons (including civic attitudes of reference persons); social integration and social acceptance (experience of interpersonal relationships with peers); subjectness activity (defending own position, wide range of interests, initiative, active participation in many events); value-semantic orientations (in particular, universalism, self-regulation, safety, tradition); prosocial focus (focus of activity on socially useful affairs); social trust; the fact of meeting the needs of physical and social existence in the state (level of social frustration); experience of interaction with the state in the form of its various agencies.

Психологічні особливості дітей, переміщених із зони збройного конфлікту на південному сході України

Психологічні особливості дітей, переміщених із зони збройного конфлікту на південному сході України

FEATURES OF FORMATION AND TARGET-DIFFERENTIATED PSYCHOCORRECTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MALADAPTATION IN WOMEN WITH NON-CANCER THYROID DISEASE

In the study conducted assessment factors of formation psychological maladaptation in women with thyroid pathology. It was examined 59 women with hyperthyroidism, 54 – with hypothyroidism and 50 somatic healthy persons. Found basic psychological problems and their psychogenesis factors associated with endocrine disease in women with thyroid disorders, and peculiarities of emotional state depending on the type of hormonal dysfunction. Identified patterns of coping in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Investigated specificity of response to disease among patients with different types of thyroid pathology. Characterized victim status in relation to the presence of chronic somatic pathology in women with thyroid disease. Studied quality of life of patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In the course of work, it was justified and identified the factors – components of psychological maladaptation of patients with thyreopathies variants of interaction of which determine the mechanisms of its development and clinical and psychological peculiarities of the course: psycho-biological, the basis of which is the effect of hormonal imbalance on the state of the nervous system, and secondary psychogenic that manifests in personally-psychosocial maladaptation of patients. On the basis of the obtained results, the hypothesis concerning the two-factor psychogenesis of psychological maladaptation in the specified contingent was formulated and proved, which became the basis for the development and implementation of endocrinological and medical-psychological practices of a target-differentiated bidecreative system of medical and psychological measures for patients with thyreopathies whose ultimate goal is not only elimination of existing psycho-emotional and personality deformations of patients, but also adaptation and acceptance of oneself in a situation of own illness, acceptance of the responsibility for oneself and one's health, the formation and maintenance of own preservation skills, which led to an increase in the effectiveness of somatotropic treatment and a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients.

ON THE EVALUATIVE CONNOTATIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL ZOONYMS IN A CONTRASTIVE PERSPECTIVE (BASED ON FRENCH AND GEORGIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS)

The article is devoted to the study of French and Georgian phraseological units with animal names/zoonyms that represent emotional attitude of the speaker towards a person or a phenomenon. We decided to study this problem on the basis of phraseological units as phraseology is the sphere which reveals each culture’s ethnic and psychological peculiarities, their customs and traditions, reflects their world vision. The analysis revealed that each culture shows its attitude towards this or that phenomenon emotionally through phraseological units with zoonyms. Such kind of phraseological units intensify emotions and beautify the speech of the speakers. Besides behind each phraseological unit with zoonyms one can see customs, traditions, temperament of different cultures. In order to find similarities or differences between phraseological units of two unrelated languages, we have collected phraseological units with zoonyms and classified them into several groups. Using observational, descriptive, psycholinguistic and contrastive methods, we have found out seven types of zoonyms with evaluative connotations in French and nine types of zoonyms with evaluative connotations in Georgian. It seems that representatives of both cultures use phraseological units with zoonyms to show their emotions. The analysis also revealed that evaluative phraseological units with zoonyms mostly carry negative connotation in both languages.

Irrational Behavior of Youth When Taking Financial Decisions

Purpose: The article contains research on internal factors of irrational behaviour initiated by the objective to reveal correlation between individual and personal, psychological peculiarities and irrational behavior in life situations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on a hypothesis that there is a correlation between personal peculiarities and an irrational choice when students of economic HEIs make decisions of economic nature. Such life-purpose orientations as “Locus of control ─ Me” and “Locus of control ─ Life” are connected with irrational economic behavior. Findings: The study allows enriching the subject field of behavioral economics from the point of view of the specificity of economic and psychological characteristics, attitudes towards an economic choice, and the identification of emotional and personal indicators of irrational behavior. It has been revealed that the psychological characteristics of a person (mental processes, orientation of an individual, life-purpose orientations) influence students’ irrational economic behavior. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used by economic institutions (HEIs) in the selection of students for educational programs. The developed diagnostic game technique, the styles of irrational behavior described by the authors can be used in the practice of the educational process of economic HEIs or in assessing the propensity to make irrational economic decisions in other areas of human activity Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is the clarification of factors of finacial behavior of youth.

DIAGNOSTICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF EMOTIONAL ATTITUDES OF AN INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE

The article deals with a theoretically determined the psychological component of the adaptation of forced migrants. Individual and group factors of social and psychological adaptation are characterized. The influence on the adaptation of subjective attitudes as an integrated personal characteristic of migrants is substantiated. The methodology of colour metaphors is developed and adapted for the diagnostics of internally displaced people (IDPs). The psychological peculiarities of the system of emotional attitudes of IDPs are empirically investigated. The gender specificity of the structure of the attitudes of forced migrants is determined (men have higher levels of emotional stability and self-esteem, they are more satisfied with business relations and focus on activities; women are satisfied with relationships in the informal sphere and more focused on the family).

Branding specificities of the Armenian “Velvet Revolution”

The so-called modern-day “colored revolutions” implemented in varous parts of the globe have their specificities. The development of social communication and its changes in quality have in fact influenced the implementation of “colored revolutions”, as well as its technologies. In the process of branding the Armenian velvet revolution, several important tasks were set: to make actions of disobedience and protests recognizable as revolutionary actions, to present the velvet revolution as a continuation and result of protest actions that were taking place in the country over the past ten years, and the last task concerned the need to unite different social segments around a common idea. The success and desire of a velvet revolution as a brand was conditioned by the following: considering the psychological peculiarities of perception of a person, presenting the revolution as the only opportunity for addressing the political problems in the country and pointing out succeeded key messages, conformity with the target audience’s desires, social needs, expectations, and ideas about future; effective and balanced communication mechanisms with the target audience.

Особливості цілепокладання осіб із діагнозом міопія

The article is devoted to the analysis of the empirical study of the goal­setting peculiarities of the patients with myopia, which is one of the most widespread diagnoses in the world today. The authors carried out an analysis of works emphasizing the relationship between the state of a person’s physical health and his/her psychological peculiarities. The work is based on the assumption that from the one hand, social factors play an important role in the formation of widespread visual impairments, from the other hand, visual impairment in- 0xFB02uences personality’s features and as a consequence, his/her social behavior. The authors consider that character features of the patients with myopia are connected in particular with their goal­setting peculiarities. To solve the set tasks, the following psychodiagnostic tools were used: A. Karmanov’s questionnaire «Aim­Means­Result» and J. Buck’s projective personality test «The house­tree­person test» (the main atetntion was paid to the interpretation of the position of the picture on the sheet). The reliability of the di0exFB00rences between the results of the selected respondents groups (con- trol and experimental groups) was veri0xFB01ed using the t­Student distribution. The article reveals the features of the psychological portrait of people with myopia diagnosis. It has been proved that people with visual impairment have speci0xFB01c psychological characteristics, in particular, they di0exFB00r in the spe- ci0xFB01cs of goals setting and future planning. It has been found that such people are ofetn characterized by uncertainty in the future, greater trust in past ex- perience and small expectations for results. They have di0xFB03culties in goals set- ting, «vision» of the future, and are characterized by somewhat lower activity e0exFB00ctiveness compared with healthy respondents. It is more complicated for patients with myopia to set long­term goals. Perspectives for further research are seen in the study of the in0xFB02uence of myopia diagnosis genesis features on the goals­setting speci0xFB01cs of such pa- tients.