Peachtree City Research Articles

Effects of direct-fed microbial (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) inclusion on tom turkey production efficiency and intestinal microbial populations

Dietary inclusions of direct-fed microbials ( DFM ) are becoming more common as antimicrobial use for growth promotion is no longer approved. Effects of various DFM on poultry performance have been studied; however, limited research has been conducted on the use of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin, Calpis America, Peachtree City, GA) in turkeys. Therefore, performance, microbial population shifts, and processing responses to Bacillus subtilis C-3102 were investigated using 720 Nicholas Select tom turkeys. Diets were formulated to be identical aside from DFM inclusion and were provided in a 6-phase feeding program. DFM diets were formulated to contain 500,000 cfu/g from d 1 to 35 and 300,000 cfu/g of the DFM from d 36 to 133. Each diet was provided to 12 replicate pens of 30 turkeys arranged in a randomized complete block design. Results from d 1 to 133 showed turkeys provided the DFM exhibited a 0.080 improvement in FCR ( P < 0.001) and tended to improve BW ( P = 0.099) compared to those fed the control. Fecal microbial analysis results from d 132 indicated that the ratio of Lactobacillus spp. to total anaerobes of DFM fed birds increased by 13.3% compared to those provided the control ( P = 0.033). Interestingly, this ratio of Lactobacillus spp. to total anaerobes aligned with the BW progression for each phase of this study. However, d 134 processing results indicated birds consuming the control increased pectoralis minor and total breast yields ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.010, respectively) compared to turkeys provided the DFM. These data indicated that Bacillus subtilis C-3102 improved tom turkey performance but reduced breast yield. Additional processing yield research using a larger sample size is warranted.

95 Growth Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Nutrient Digestibility of Nursery-grower Pigs Fed Phytase-supplemented Calcium and Phosphorus-deficient Diets

Abstract A 36-d experiment evaluated effects of supplemental OptiPhos Plus phytase (Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA) on growth, bone mineralization, Ca and P digestibility of nursery-grower pigs. Individually housed crossbred pigs (n = 42; initial body weight [BW], 16.1 ± 0.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 7 dietary treatments based on BW and sex. A positive control (PC) diet was formulated to contain 0.601% Ca and 0.296% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, which were marginally lower than NRC (2012) requirement estimates for 25–50 kg pigs. A negative control (NC) diet (0.431% Ca and 0.164% STTD P) was developed by the removal of dicalcium phosphate from the PC diet and replacement with limestone and sand. Diets were: 1) PC, 2) NC, and 3–7) NC + 250, 500, 750, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU phytase/kg diet. On d 36, all pigs were euthanized for femur and metacarpal measures. Compared with NC, pigs fed the PC diet provided greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) response for ADG (966 vs. 730 g/d), ADFI (1,660 vs. 1,329 g/d); bone measures (37.1 vs. 17.4 g ash/femur and 71.9 vs. 29.3 kg for metacarpal strength), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca (69.5 vs. 63.5%) and P (62.5 vs. 49.3%). As supplemental phytase increased from 0 to 1,500 FTU/kg of diet, linear and quadratic increases (P &amp;lt; 0.002) occurred in overall ADG and ADFI, femur mineral content, metacarpal breaking strength, and ATTD of Ca and P. Responses statistically similar to PC were achieved at 250 or 500 FTU/kg and peak responses occurred at 750 to 1,500 FTU/kg that were numerically greater than PC for all but metacarpal strength. In conclusion, supplemental OptiPhos Plus improved growth, bone mineralization, Ca and P digestibility of pigs fed Ca and P-deficient diets, demonstrating enhanced Ca and P utilization of corn-soybean meal-based diets by nursery-grower pigs.

PSII-17 Phosphorus Release Values in Growing Pigs Fed Increments of Optiphos Plus Phytase in Pelleted Diets

Abstract The efficacy of phytase (Pase) from OptiPhos Plus G (Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA) was compared to inorganic phosphorus (iP) supplements to assess phosphorus equivalency. In 6 replicate 28-d trials, 288 crossbred F2 (Duroc X LR X LW) pigs (20.0 kg, 6 pigs/pen, 48 pens) were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets. Pig sex was balanced within pens. Basal corn-soybean meal diets, formulated to exceed nutrient requirements except for Ca and P, supplied 1.30% lysine from the same amounts of all ingredients. Sand was used to balance variable amounts of monocalcium phosphate and limestone. Diets supplied either 0.061, 0.156, or 0.241% iP from monocalcium phosphate or increments of 250, 500, 750, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg from Pase. All diets were pelleted (160°F, 2.5 tons/hr). The modified pellet durability index averaged 92.8% and 88.7% for all diets in each of 2 mixes. Non-linear growth responses to increments of iP and Pase were detected (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Using nonlinear regression models, maximum gain was calculated at 0.23% iP and 1144 FTU/kg Pase (equivalent to 0.31% available P or 0.38% STTD P). Likewise, from non-linear responses (P &amp;lt; 0.05), maximum response in whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC) from analysis of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were calculated at 1227 FTU/kg Pase. The maximum Pase response for WBBMC was below expectations and raised concerns for potential Ca limitations in diets at higher Pase supplements. Only linear WBBMC responses (P &amp;lt; 0.001) to iP levels were detected. Responses across iP and Pase treatments for femur bone mineral content reflected the same conclusions as responses to WBBMC. As growth responses to iP and Pase diets were non-linear, simple conversions of phytase activity to phosphorus release was not straight-forward. However, non-linear equations can predict economic values of target levels as a function of ingredient costs.

Comparison of monensin sodium sources for finishing beef cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation characteristics of ruminally fistulated beef steers consuming a steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) based diet containing either Rumensin 90 (RUM; Elanco, Greenfield, IN), or Monovet 90 (MV; Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA). Six ruminally fistulated steers (657.7 kg ± 72.6) housed individually were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement. Each of the 6 periods were 15 d with 14 d for diet adaptation and 1 d of rumen fluid collections. Dietary treatments were DRC without monensin sodium (DRC-C), SFC without monensin sodium (SFC-C), DRC with Rumensin 90 (DRC-R), DRC with Monovet 90 (DRC-MV), SFC with Rumensin 90 (SFC-R), and SFC with Monovet 90 (SFC-MV). Rumen contents and fluid were collected through the fistula of each animal at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h on d 15 of each period. Rumen fluid collected at 6 h post-feeding each period was used for in vitro analyses. Steer was the experimental unit and the model included fixed effects of grain processing, additive, and grain processing × additive. Total gas produced was composited from each in vitro bottle into a gas collection bag for the 48-h determination of methane concentration. No differences were detected for DMI (P = 0.81). Ruminal pH did not differ for the control or additive treatments (P = 0.33). However, ruminal pH was lower (P < 0.01) with SFC compared to DRC. There was a significant difference in acetate to propionate ratio for grain type (P = 0.01) and a tendency for additive inclusion (P = 0.06). Additive inclusion reduced methane proportion of total gas compared to control treatments (P ≤ 0.01). Overall, monensin sodium reduced methane concentration though source had no effect on DMI or ruminal pH.

Effects of supplemental xylanase on health of the small intestine in nursery pigs fed diets with corn distillers' dried grains with solubles.

Forty pigs [10.7 ± 1.2 kg initial body weight (BW) at 6 wk of age] were used in a 21-d study to evaluate the effects of supplemental xylanase (Hostazym X 100, Huvepharma, Inc., Peachtree City, GA) in nursery diets on digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, health of the small intestine, and growth performance when supplemented with corn distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Pigs were individually housed and randomly allotted to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 20/factor, 0% or 30% DDGS and 0 or 1,500 endo-pentosanase unit/kg xylanase as two factors) based on sex and initial BW. Feed intake and BW were recorded weekly. On day 15 of the study, TiO2 in diets (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker to calculate apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Plasma samples were collected on day 19 to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde, and peptide YY. On day 21, all pigs were euthanized to collect tissues from duodenum, jejunum, and colon to measure morphology, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde concentrations. Distal jejunal digesta were collected to measure viscosity. Ileum digesta were collected to measure AID of nutrients. During the entire period, supplemental xylanase increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG; 616 to 660 g/d) of nursery pigs, whereas DDGS (0 or 30%) did not affect ADG. On week 3, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was increased (P < 0.05) when fed DDGS (1,141 to 1,267 g/d) and there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between two factors indicating that supplemental xylanase decreased ADFI when DDGS was used in a diet. Use of DDGS increased (P < 0.05) viscosity [1.86 to 2.38 centipoise (cP)], whereas supplemental xylanase reduced (P < 0.05) viscosity (2.27 to 1.96 cP) of jejunal digesta. The AID of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were improved (P < 0.05) by supplemental xylanase. Plasma TNF-α was decreased (P < 0.05, 108.5 to 69.9 pg/mL) by supplemental xylanase. Use of DDGS reduced (P < 0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio (1.46 to 1.27), whereas supplemental xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the crypt depth (360 to 404 µm) in duodenum. In conclusion, feeding a diet with 30% DDGS to nursery pigs for 3 wk had no negative effect on growth performance, whereas reduced AID of DM and GE, increased TNF-α level in colon tissue, and reduced the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Dietary supplementation of xylanase reduced digesta viscosity improving AID of nutrients, reduced inflammatory response, and altered intestinal morphology, collectively improving ADG of nursery pigs regardless of the use of DDGS in a diet.

Spring Migration Behavior of a Perimyotis subflavus (Tri-Colored Bat) from Tennessee

On the nights of 27, 28, and 29 April 2018, we used aerial radio-telemetry to track a female Perimyotis subflavus (Tri-colored Bat) as she migrated a straight-line distance of 243 km from a cave in southern Tennessee to a roost in Peachtree City, GA. To our knowledge, this represents the longest and most detailed spring migration track recorded for this species and places the Tri-colored Bat in the category of regional migrant.

Peachtree City, Georgia

In post–World War II America, planners touted new towns as one answer to the increasingly evident evils of suburban sprawl. These trace their history to Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City, as well as more recent examples such as Radburn. Some of these post-war new towns are well known, such as Columbia and Reston, but one, Peachtree City, Georgia, has largely escaped scholarly notice. Peachtree began at the same time as Columbia but took much longer to develop. This article examines Peachtree’s origins and growth, along with the motivations of those who founded and settled in it. It was strongly progressive and environmentally sensitive in a time and place where these qualities were unusual.

Electron Microscopy of Microspheres in Embolized Liver

Scanning electron microscopy images of swine liver at magnifications of×467 (Figure, a) and×3,110 (Figure, b) were obtained following catheter-directed transarterial embolization with 40-μm hydrogel microspheres (Embozene; CeloNova BioSciences, Peachtree City, Georgia). Figure, a, shows a small hepatic arterial branch in the periphery of the right hepatic lobe filled with microspheres. Figure, b, shows a small volume of thrombus consisting of fibrinous strands and adherent cellular components between the spheres.

Signaling and Meta‐Analytic Evaluations in the Presence of Latent Offender Groups

Criminology & Public PolicyVolume 11, Issue 1 p. 61-72 POLICY ESSAY Signaling and Meta-Analytic Evaluations in the Presence of Latent Offender Groups The Importance of Coherent Target Group Specification Tim Brennan, Tim Brennan Northpointe Institute, Inc.Search for more papers by this author Tim Brennan, Tim Brennan Northpointe Institute, Inc.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00788.xCitations: 5 Direct correspondence to Tim Brennan, Northpointe Institute, Inc 101 Pat Mell Drive Peachtree City, Georgia 30269 (e-mail: Tbrennan38@earthlink.net). Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue1February 2012Pages 61-72 RelatedInformation

A Practical Approach to Observation of the Emergency Care Setting

The most astute clinicians would have to admit to occasionally being caught unaware by looking without seeing. We are trained to collect and analyze data, but we often make clinical decisions based on past experiences and shared anecdotes from our colleagues, as well as learned scholars and teachers. We also know that to care for a sick patient, we must conduct an observational assessment of what is happening, as well as what is not happening, to that patient. The same applies when attempting to diagnose, treat and heal a “sick” healthcare system. Susan M. Hohenhaus is President, Hohenhaus & Associates, Inc, Wellsboro, Pa. Stephen M. Powell, Healthcare Team Training, LLC, Peachtree City, Ga. Robert N. Haskins, Healthcare Team Training, LLC, Peachtree City, Ga.

Diagnosing and Treating Deadly Vibrio vulnificus Infection

Although Vibrio vulnificus bacterial infection is relatively uncommon, it can be life-threatening in patients with chronic health conditions or who are immunocompromised. These people are usually taken to emergency departments for treatment because the progressing infection quickly becomes severe. Rapid diagnosis and administration of appropriate antibiotics are imperative, because death can occur in as few as 1 or 2 days after exposure to the bacteria. Tori L. Stivers is Seafood Specialist, University of Georgia Marine Extension Service, Georgia Sea Grant, Peachtree City, Ga.

Inelastic Compression Legging Produces Gradient Compression and Significantly Higher Skin Surface Pressures Compared with an Elastic Compression Stocking

The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate compression levels beneath an inelastic legging equipped with a new pressure-adjustment system, (2) compare the inelastic compression levels with those provided by a well-known elastic stocking, and (3) evaluate each support's gradient compression production. Eighteen subjects without venous reflux and 12 patients with previously documented venous reflux received elastic and inelastic compression supports sized for the individual. Skin surface pressures under the elastic (Sigvaris 500, 30-40 mm Hg range, Sigvaris, Inc., Peachtree City, GA) and inelastic (CircAid C3 with Built-in-Pressure System [BPS], CircAid Medical Products, San Diego, CA) supports were measured using a calibrated Tekscan I-Scan device (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA). The elastic stocking produced significantly lower skin surface pressures than the inelastic legging. Mean pressures (+/- standard error) beneath the elastic stocking were 26 +/- 2 and 23 +/- 1 mm Hg at the ankle and below-knee regions, respectively. Mean pressures (+/- standard error) beneath the inelastic legging with the BPS were 50 +/- 3 and 38 +/- 2 mm Hg at the ankle and below-knee regions, respectively. Importantly, our study indicates that only the inelastic legging with the BPS produces significant ankle to knee gradient compression (p = .001).

Radar signatures of the urban effect on precipitation distribution: A case study for Atlanta, Georgia

Ground‐based weather radar from Peachtree City, GA, is used to examine the distribution of summer precipitation in northern Georgia, including metropolitan Atlanta, during June–August of 2002–2006. The study included 194 “synoptically benign” days with a maritime tropical air mass type. Areas in eastern metropolitan Atlanta are shown to have 30% more rainfall during these days than areas west of the city. Both precipitation amount and frequency were enhanced up to 80 km to the east of the urban core of Atlanta. A precipitation maxima northeast of Atlanta occurs near a precipitation anomaly and lightning flash density anomaly identified in previous studies. An hourly analysis of precipitation data demonstrates that the enhanced precipitation on the periphery of the urban core is most evident from 00–05 UTC (19‐00 LST). This study is the first to use ground‐based radar precipitation estimates in an attempt to quantify the impact of urbanization on precipitation.

The spatial syntax of urban segregation

Space syntax is a set of theories and techniques about buildings and cities and how they function, rooted in a theory of society and space that originated at the UCL Bartlett School of Graduate Studies in the 1970s. The ability of space syntax methods to objectively measure the physical andspatial attributes of cities in relation to patterns of human activity has led to hundreds of projects, covering subjects as diverse as the relationship between burglary and housing layout, the architecture of Inuit snow houses and visitor movement in museum layouts. This special issue of Progress in Planning will focus on some of the contributions made by 'space syntax' to a subject that is becoming of increasingly wide interest: the relationship between urban form and social segregation.The issue begins with an overview by Bill Hillier and Laura Vaughan of space syntax as a theory of the city and a set of techniques for analysing its spatial form. This is followed by a chapter by Laura Vaughan that analyses poverty and spatial form in Charles Booth's maps of 19th century London, describing new findings relating to the persistence of poverty areas and immigrant 'ghettos' and proposing a spatially defined line of poverty, distinguishing between poor, spatially segregated streets and more prosperous, spatially integrated streets. Following this, a chapter by Lars Marcus suggests that segregation is inherently a spatial problem. Hedemonstrates this through a detailed analysis of residential segregation and social integration in public space of housing estates constructed through the Swedish Million Homes Programme. In the penultimate chapter Ruth Conroy Dalton discusses segregation in the US context, through a study of social exclusion, transportation equality, transit equity and leisure trail use in Peachtree City, Georgia, showing that the accessibility of leisure trails coupled with the flexibility and relative affordability of electric golf carts, means that the level at which families and individuals are disadvantaged through their lack of access to public/private transport iseffectively lowered. The issue ends with conclusions regarding the future of segregation in the urban context and some recommendations for policy makers and urban planners.

Impacts of lawn-care pesticides on aquatic ecosystems in relation to property value

To determine the potential impacts of lawn-care pesticides on aquatic ecosystems, the macroinvertebrate communities of six streams were assessed using a multimetric approach. Four streams flowed through residential neighborhoods of Peachtree City, GA, USA, with differing mean property values and two reference streams were outside the city limits. A series of correlation analyses were conducted comparing stream rank from water quality and physical stream parameters, habitat assessments, benthic macroinvertebrate metric, pesticide toxicity and metal toxicity data to determine relationships among these parameters. Significant correlations were detected between individual analyses of stream rank for pesticide toxicity, specific conductance, turbidity, temperature and dissolved oxygen with benthic macroinvertebrate metrics.

Effects of urbanization on the aquatic fauna of the Line Creek watershed, Atlanta—a satellite perspective

Impervious surface area (ISA) was derived for a period from 1979 to 1997 from Landsat MSS and TM data for the Line Creek watershed that lies to the south of the city of Atlanta, GA. The change in ISA is presented as an ecological indicator to examine the cumulative water resource impacts on mussel population in three sub-watersheds of Line Creek—namely, Line, Flat, and Whitewater creeks. The satellite analysis shows that ISA expansion occurred substantially from 1987 to 1997 and is predominantly in industrial, commercial, and shopping center (ICS) complexes but also in smaller lot-size residential development. Evidence of mussel habitat degradation is indicated and loss of species (in the region of 50 to 70%) is present in areas where ISA expansion is observed—specifically in ICS complex development in and around Peachtree City that drains directly into the Line and Flat creeks. This is in marked contrast to Whitewater Creek where overall development of ISA is less and no major loss of mussel species is observed.

Product display hanger and process : Good David M IA: Peachtree City, GA, United States assigned to Voxcom Inc

Product display hanger and process : Good David M IA: Peachtree City, GA, United States assigned to Voxcom Inc

Georgia on Their Minds

5ummer in the southeastern United States can whip up unpleasant, even violent weather-the kind of conditions that organizers of the upcoming Olympic Games in Atlanta would like to disqualify from this month's competition. When tropical storm Alberto swamped central Georgia in July 1994, for instance, 28 people lost their lives and flooding forced more than 30,000 residents from their homes. Although the possibility of a repeat performance this summer is remote, other types of foul weather present hazards to athletes as well as spectators. Thunderstorms with lightning top the list of concerns, along with the double scourge of severe heat and humidity, which can kill. To deal with these threats, the National Weather Service has developed a system it says provides more detailed-and more consistently accurate-forecasts than any other in the history of weather forecasting. The cutting-edge system is at least 5 years ahead of what's available in any of the more than 50 regional weather offices today, says Lans P. Rothfusz, chief meteorologist at the Olympic Weather Support Office in Peachtree City, Ga. We now have a very prototypical office for the future of the National Weather Service.

Pickin' on Peachtree: a history of country music in Atlanta, Georgia

But for a few twists of fate, Atlanta could easily have grown to be the recording center that Nashville is today. Pickin' on traces Atlanta's emergence in the 1920s as a major force in country recording and radio broadcasting, a position of dominance it enjoyed for some forty years. From the Old Time Fiddlers' Conventions and barn dances through the rise of station WSB and other key radio outlets, Wayne W. Daniel thoroughly documents the consolidation of country music as big business in Atlanta. He also profiles a vast array of performers, radio personalities, and recording moguls who transformed the Peachtree city into the nerve center of early country music.