This study reveals creative stylistic features and aesthetic characteristics. The importance of this subject lies in studying the influence of the stylistic structure of the discourse of tolerance in contemporary reality and clarifying the role of stylistic analysis in serving the Prophetic Hadith as a scientific and methodological tool that helps understand ideas and meanings, as well as a means of communication aimed at persuading and influencing recipients and building a culture of tolerance and peaceful coexistence with others. The purpose of this study is to describe how the values ​​of tolerance contribute to promoting the concept of peaceful coexistence with others. To what extent do linguistic and stylistic analysis tools contribute to understanding and clarifying meaning for recipients? This study employs an inductive approach to trace the pattern of tolerance in the text of the Prophetic Hadith, examining its stylistic structure and linguistic tools. The aim is to demonstrate the influence of the stylistic structure on the values of tolerance in an aesthetic style that reflects its intellectual and moral impact on the audience. This study is distinguished by the integration of stylistic analysis of the concept of tolerance, on the one hand, and the Prophetic Hadith, on the other, making it a practical model for interdisciplinary studies that combine Islamic sciences and Arabic. This study demonstrates that the Prophet's discourse extends beyond its religious and moral dimensions, also encompassing educational and social aspects that contribute to self-improvement and foster relationships between people.

This study examined the role of peace journalism in reducing cross-border conflicts between Uganda and South Sudan, focusing on Moyo, Uganda, and Kajo-Keji, South Sudan. The study was crucial for gaining insights into how journalists used approaches aligned with peace journalism principles to report on cross-border conflicts, to examine the impact of peace-oriented media coverage on public perceptions and attitudes toward Moyo, Kajo-Keji cross-border conflicts, and to identify the challenges journalists face in implementing peace journalism to mitigate cross-border conflicts. Although peace journalism has had an impact on global, regional, and internal conflicts, there was never any research carried out on cross-border conflicts and particularly the case of Moyo and Kajo-Keji, hence the study became a necessity to uncover the novelty in the specific context. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of peace journalism in mitigating cross-border conflicts. Using a longitudinal case study design dating back to 2014, when cross-border conflicts intensified; leaving at least 20 dead and 200 huts burnt to ashes, the study used in-depth interviews for journalists and focus group discussions for key stakeholders, totalling to 30 purposively selected respondents. In addition, document reviews were made to trace written or recorded facts for analysis. The study uncovered that journalists used collaboration, conflict-sensitive and conflict transformation approaches in reporting on the cross-border conflicts. Consequently, the peace-oriented media coverage impacted positively on trust and social rebuilding, collaboration and peaceful co-existence, economic and structural powers, narrative shifting and media influence amidst challenges of institutional and political barriers, capacity and resource limitations, safety and psychological risks as well as societal and cultural resistance. To this effect, this study has become a wakeup call for enabling institutional and policy support, strengthened media capacity and ethics as well as increased peace dialogues and cross-border collaboration.

The Digital Services Act (DSA) has introduced the figure of trusted flaggers, entities with expertise in detecting illegal online content whose notifications must be given priority attention by digital platforms due to their degree of trustworthiness (art. 22 DSA). This function gives entities a certain capacity to control public discourse. In this research, we delve into the legal and constitutional nature of these private powers and analyse whether their powers constitute a mechanism for monitoring harmful content, which contributes to the maintenance of peaceful coexistence in a healthier digital environment, or whether the delegation of these responsibilities, under the DSA, entails a form of censorship on freedom of expression, with the dangerous effect it entails for pluralism and democracy.

This study examines the historical evolution of the Zikri sect in Makran during the 15th century, tracing its roots to Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri’s Mahdavi movement. It explores how Mahdavi teachings, brought by preachers such as Mulla Usman bin Qasim Makrani, Sheikh Jalal Herati, and Qazi Nasiruddin, merged with local Baloch Sufi traditions, giving rise to a distinct spiritual identity centered on “Zikr”the collective remembrance of God. By the 17th century, the movement evolved into an organized religious community with established rituals, leadership (Khalifahs), and sacred centers like KohiMurad near Turbat. During the British colonial period, the Zikris were recognized as a distinct religious community known for their discipline and peaceful coexistence. The research concludes that the Zikri faith represents a synthesis of Mahdavi reformism, Baloch mysticism, and tribal egalitarianism, forming a unique socioreligious tradition that continues to influence Makran’s cultural identity. The study draws on works by Rizvi (1983), Tate (1910), Hughes (1885), Inayatullah Baloch (1987), and the Encyclopaedia of Islam (2002).

This study investigated the impact of social justice on peaceful coexistence among selected rural communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Using a mixed methods approach, the study examines the relationship between social justice and peaceful coexistence, with a focus on equity, human rights, and participation. The findings show that social justice is a significant predictor of peaceful coexistence, and that equity, human rights violation, and participation are critical factors in promoting social justice and peaceful coexistence. Social justice significantly predicts peaceful coexistence (β = 0.35, p < 0.01); Equity is a key dimension of social justice promoting peaceful coexistence (β = 0.28, p < 0.05); Human rights violations negatively impact peaceful coexistence (β = -0.20, p < 0.05); Participation in decision-making is limited but positively related to peaceful coexistence (β = 0.15, p < 0.10). The study recommends promoting equity in resource distribution, protecting human rights, increasing participation in decision making, and developing community based initiatives to promote social justice and peaceful coexistence. The findings of this study have implications for policymakers, community leaders, and other stakeholders seeking to promote peace and development in rural communities.

Purpose. To identify the main geopolitical trends of the rapid transformations that have occurred in the security architecture of the South Caucasus after the Second Karabakh War. Method. Historical, comparative analysis, systematic approach and structural analysis methods. Findings. The connection of new geopolitical activity with proselytism in the South Caucasus is the leitmotif of this research work. Here we can focus on two trends. First, this is a very dangerous trend and can turn the region into a battlefield of extra-state and military alliances. Second, the classical threat model can be replaced by new regionalism principles based on economic cooperation. Overall, the confrontation-cooperation axis will continue its transformative role more rapidly in the formation of the new security architecture of the South Caucasus. Theoretical implications. The Second Karabakh War had a serious impact on theoretical issues related to security in the South Caucasus. The traditional sphere of influence and threat model that has maintained itself in the South Caucasus for a century is currently undergoing a period of transformation. The regional geopolitical order is expanding due to new actors, the range of threats is expanding and increasingly originating from abroad. Despite the influx of external influences into the region, confidence in the creation of a unified security system among the countries of the region is growing. Practical implications. The results of the Second Karabakh War have brought the South Caucasus out of its inertia. Geopolitical dualism is noticeable in the region. On the one hand, there is an expansion of the horizons of intense armament, military-technical cooperation between local states and new transregional actors, and even the transition of extra-state competition to this region. On the other hand, confident steps towards peace and peaceful coexistence are evident in the region. The achievement of reconciliation between Azerbaijan and Armenia at the initiative of the United States and the transformation of the Zangezur corridor (TRIP) into the main object of this reconciliation creates the basis for the beginning of a new stage of regionalism in the South Caucasus, and the replacement of military rhetoric with heated disputes around regional corridors. Value. This article is considered significant in terms of the new content of the geopolitical processes that took place in the South Caucasus after the Second Karabakh War, the radical transformation of traditional views, and the transformation of the region into a theater of extra-state conflict. Paper type. Theoretical.

Extremism and violence continue to pose significant threats to social stability, democratic values, and human development across global societies. While security-centered approaches remain the dominant response, contemporary scholarship increasingly recognizes education particularly Social Studies education as a transformative, preventive tool for addressing the underlying drivers of radicalization and violent conduct. This article examines the strategic role of Social Studies education in strengthening civic competence, promoting critical reasoning, and cultivating democratic dispositions that reduce susceptibility to extremist ideologies and violent behavior. Drawing on global and African-based empirical studies, the article highlights the multidimensional ways in which Social Studies fosters identity balance, media literacy, conflict resolution skills, and tolerance among learners. Evidence from UNESCO, UNICEF, ECOWAS, and peer-reviewed field studies demonstrates that classroom-based civic learning significantly influences learners’ attitudes toward pluralism, peaceful coexistence, and responsible citizenship. The article also interrogates existing educational gaps, including outdated curricula, insufficient teacher preparation, and the growing threat of digital radicalization among youths. Using a conceptual–empirical synthesis, the work advances the argument that Social Studies education represents a sustainable and non-coercive framework for violence prevention, capable of supporting long-term national security and peacebuilding objectives. Policy implications emphasize the need for curriculum redesign, teacher professional development, community participation, and integration of digital/media literacy into Social Studies instruction. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive analysis demonstrating that Social Studies education, when effectively delivered, functions as a societal safeguard and an essential weapon against extremism and violence.

The internet has profoundly transformed interfaith relations, offering an unprecedented global arena for dialogue and community building. Yet this transformative power is shadowed by a growing threat: the digital space is increasingly weaponized as a battleground for religious tensions, fueled by hate speech, misinformation, and targeted harassment. The absence of robust legal and ethical frameworks tailored to the complexities of online interaction leaves interfaith communities vulnerable and undermines genuine cooperation. This article introduces the conceptual model of a “digital sanctuary”—a deliberately designed and protected online space where diverse faiths can coexist and flourish. Achieving this ideal is not an organic outcome of technology but requires intentional, multi-faceted efforts from all stakeholders. The paper critically examines regulatory gaps and ethical dilemmas obstructing interfaith harmony online, highlighting the limitations of fragmented national laws in a borderless environment and analyzing the responsibilities of technology platforms. We advocate moving beyond simple content moderation toward a proactive, rights-based approach that prioritizes the safety and dignity of religious minorities. By proposing a model of “digital jurisprudence,” the article calls for holistic guidelines that extend beyond traditional statutes. These include policy recommendations for algorithmic transparency, community-led dialogue, and greater international cooperation to establish standards that balance freedom of expression with protection from religious incitement. Ultimately, the paper contends that the future of peaceful interfaith coexistence depends on transforming the digital realm from a passive, ungoverned space into a resilient ecosystem where principles of mutual respect are systematically protected and nurtured

This is a translated and exclusive interview from Wénhuàzònghéng (Beijing Culture Review), where Dr Walaa Alqaisiya and Matteo Capasso discuss the situation in Gaza. As they point out, Israel’s fundamental goal is not just the destruction of Hamas, nor is it limited to Gaza and the West Bank; under the expansionist vision of ‘Greater Israel’, Netanyahu seeks to redraw the map of the Middle East. This strategic aspiration aligns with America’s urgent goal of consolidating imperialist rule amid crisis. China’s rise brings hope for establishing an alternative world system based on peaceful coexistence and joint development. Once Arab regimes seek unity again and the Middle East region returns to stability, it will seriously shake the imperialist architecture that the United States has cultivated for years through division and control in the Middle East—thus thoroughly eradicating any resistance forces in the region has become a strategic objective from which the US–Israel alliance cannot retreat.

This paper explores the concept of universal responsibility and global ethics as essential foundations for achieving lasting peace in the modern interconnected world. It emphasizes that genuine peace cannot be established through violence or coercion but through the cultivation of ethical values, moral awareness, and interreligious dialogue. The study argues that every human action has both personal and universal dimensions, demanding responsibility not only toward oneself but also toward humanity, nature, and future generations. Within this framework, dialogue emerges as a fundamental ethical and communicative method for understanding, cooperation, and peaceful coexistence among individuals, nations, and religions. Drawing on the ideas of thinkers such as Emil Brunner, the Dalai Lama, Emmanuel Levinas, and especially Hans Küng, the paper highlights Küng’s project Global Ethics as a crucial attempt to establish a shared moral framework based on humanism and dialogue. The work underscores the necessity of interreligious understanding and the development of a universal ethical paradigm grounded in justice, compassion, tolerance, and responsibility. The conclusion calls for an ethical revolution centered on humanism and global solidarity, affirming that universal ethics should guide humanity toward building a more humane, just, and harmonious world.

This research studied the conceptual and institutional gaps in Malaysia’s religious mediation framework. The existing Mediation Act 2012 and community mediation initiatives under the Department of National Unity and Integration (JPNIN) established a foundation for alternative dispute resolution (ADR). However, these frameworks remain secular and limited to address faith-based conflicts. This study employed qualitative approach to explore historical, legal and religious aspect of mediation across Islamic, Christian, Buddhist and Hindu traditions in Malaysia. The findings presented that these religious teachings offered values that formulate strong moral foundation for reconciliation and harmony. The absence of institutional mechanism to coordinate religious mediation has led to inconsistent procedures and weak institutional recognition. Thus, this study proposed the establishment of a stable religion mediation body to train, accredit and coordinate mediators across faiths. It further recommended that this body work in collaboration with JPNIN, JAKIM and Community Mediation Centres to strengthen institutional support and policy alignment. The findings highlighted the importance of having a religious-based mediation to support Malaysia’s diverse legal and cultural setting. Developing this system is essential to maintain a peaceful coexistence among various religious communities in Malaysia.

Tensions and conflicts are recurring challenges in multicultural and multireligious societies, particularly in regions marked by substantial cultural diversity. In this context, local wisdom rooted in indigenous communities functions as a vital form of Islamic socio-educational capital that can foster social harmony. This research is grounded in the assumption that indigenous cultural values, when articulated within an Islamic ethical framework, play a strategic role in shaping peaceful coexistence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of Penginyongan culture as a socio-educational strategy for strengthening harmony among indigenous communities in Banyumas Raya from an Islamic perspective. This study employs a qualitative field research Design, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using an ethnographic approach, supported by symbolic interactionism and the constant comparative method to capture the dynamic meanings embedded in cultural practices. The findings demonstrate that the development of Penginyongan culture operates through three interconnected strategies: survival strategies aimed at preserving cultural identity, structural strategies institutionalized within social and religious structures, and network strategies that reinforce communal solidarity. These strategies foster collective awareness and sustained community participation in spiritual and ritual activities. The study concludes that Penginyongan culture nurtures lived religious expressions that integrate individual piety with social piety, thereby strengthening social harmony. The implications of this research suggest that locally rooted Islamic socio-education can serve as a replicable model for conflict mitigation and harmony-building in other pluralistic societies, proving that harmony is not imported but cultivated.

This study explores how contemporary Muslim scholars promote interfaith harmony and peace among the Abrahamic religions through their religious discourse, using the framework of Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA). By examining selected speeches, the research highlights how these scholars construct inclusive narratives that emphasize shared spiritual heritage, mutual respect, and peaceful coexistence between Muslims, Christians, and Jews. Through Reflexive Thematic Analysis, the study identifies key themes such as common moral values, respect for religious diversity, historical interconnectedness, and the rejection of hostility and prejudice. The findings demonstrate that these scholars strategically employ positive other-representation, bridge-building metaphors, and appeals to collective moral responsibility to counter divisive interpretations and foster interreligious understanding. This research contributes to broader academic discussions on interfaith relations by showing how constructive religious discourse can serve as an effective means of reducing tensions, nurturing dialogue, and supporting global efforts toward sustainable peace among the Abrahamic faith communities.

The implementation of multicultural Islamic Education in Islamic-based universities often creates its own dynamics, especially for non-Muslim students who are part of an inclusive academic environment. This study aims to describe the response of non-Muslim students to learning Islamic Education in a multicultural context at Muhammadiyah Mataram University. This Islamic campus is open to diversity. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a field research design, this study involved 75 non-Muslim students from seven study programs through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation in class and campus social spaces, and documentation of curriculum and academic policies. Data validity was maintained with a method triangulation strategy. Data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman's model, which involves the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the responses of non-Muslim students were mixed: some showed appreciation for the inclusive approach and universal values in Islamic Education, while others felt less engaged because the materials were considered too normative and exclusive. Factors such as the lecturer's pedagogical approach, the relevance of the material, and the social dynamics in a multicultural classroom greatly influenced their perceptions. This research recommendation encourages higher education policymakers to strengthen curricula and teaching methods that are dialogical, adaptive, and inclusive, thereby increasing tolerance and fostering peaceful coexistence in multicultural campus environments.

This paper revisits the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as a cornerstone of China’s foreign policy and a normative framework for contemporary international relations. Drawing on case studies and policy text analysis of historical archives, diplomatic practice, and major initiatives since the 1950s, it examines how the Principles have maintained vitality across different social systems and ideological contexts. The paper analyses their alignment with China’s major-country diplomacy and the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity, arguing that the Principles continue to function as a value compass for world peace and common development. It concludes with an assessment of current limitations and offers policy recommendations for better integrating the Five Principles into emerging agendas on global development, security, and civilization. Keywords: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence; Historical Experience; Community with a Shared Future for Humanity; Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics; Foreign Policy; International Relations Theory.

This qualitative content analysis examines higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in a Grade 8 English textbook within the Single National Curriculum (SNC), the product of which is a taxonomy of 135 student learning outcomes (SLOs) in 9 chapters of a textbook with topics such as peaceful coexistence, environment, and gender equity. Findings show a strong prevalence of lower-order thinking skills (LOTS) at 78%, including knowledge (1.8%), comprehension (27%), and application (49%) in comparison to HOTS, at 29% with the most common, analysis (2%), evaluation (5%), and synthesis (13%). This imbalance reflects the patterns of Pakistani EFL resources, where rote-learning cultures and test stresses put less importance on the critical analysis and problem-solving that are key to the 21s-century competences, especially in places such as Gilgit-Baltistan. The results indicate that the aspirations of SNC do not match the actual textbook use, suggesting the redesign of the curriculum to align cognitive needs (at least 40% HOTS) with the instructional goals, professional development of educators in the inquiry-based extensions, and the policy-based implementation of the evaluative assessments to foster inequity and innovation in English instruction.

This article provides a comprehensive comparative examination of great-power tension management by juxtaposing the Cold War-era détente between the United States and the Soviet Union with the contemporary strategic rivalry between the United States and China. While the Cold War détente emerged from a highly structured bipolar order characterized by nuclear parity, ideological confrontation, and relatively limited economic interdependence, today’s U.S.–China relationship unfolds within a vastly more complex environment shaped by deep economic entanglement, technological interdependence, multipolar dynamics, and regionally distributed flashpoints. Against this backdrop, the article evaluates whether the conceptual logic, institutional mechanisms, and strategic lessons of détente retain analytical relevance for managing twenty-first-century great-power tensions. The study argues that although historical analogies offer valuable insights, the structural conditions underpinning Cold War détente differ fundamentally from those shaping U.S.–China relations. Nevertheless, détente’s foundational principles—strategic communication, mutual recognition of core interests, institutionalized crisis management, and rules-based competition—remain essential for preventing escalation in the current geopolitical landscape. Through a qualitative, theory-informed comparative analysis, the article demonstrates that a modernized form of détente may be possible but would require innovative frameworks that accommodate asymmetric interdependence, technological rivalry, cyber competition, and the evolving norms of global governance. Ultimately, the findings contribute to broader scholarly debates about great-power politics, strategic stability, and the prospects for peaceful coexistence in an era defined by systemic rivalry. The article concludes that while Cold War détente cannot be replicated in its original form, its conceptual lessons can inform the development of new models of great-power management capable of reducing risks in an increasingly interconnected and contested global order.

In today’s fast-paced age of instant gratification, when treatments desired are also required to be quick and effective, integrative medicine and its approaches offer succour from modern medicine. In this article, the author narrates how basic principles of ethics, Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence and Justice apply to integrative medicine too, just as they do in other medical branches. Ethical challenges and key aspects in the ethical practice of integrative medicine are explained, giving importance to the Indian context. Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy, etc., are all different streams of integrative medicine practiced in India. Government initiatives like the Ministry of AYUSH are efforts to bring these alternative practices into mainstream medical treatments. The benefits of including alternative medicine in routine medical services are explained. Challenges and opportunities with respect to healthcare delivery, wellness, research, teaching, growing public interest, education, global reach, and recognition, government initiatives, funding support and policy making are all thrown light upon. In times when people are going back to ancient truths, integrative medicine can offer that much-needed solace when all else fails. Boundaries must be respected, and one must never cross the threshold of one’s own field of knowledge. Peaceful coexistence is the key.

Reconciliation in a transition requires interconnected events and processes to enable peaceful coexistence and restore trust in State institutions after a period of systematic violations to human rights. It involves articulating different transitional justice mechanisms. Prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations and guarantees of non-recurrence must be implemented comprehensively, ensuring victims’ families feel repaired. The absence of this balance hinders reconciliation. This research explores the participation of victims and their relatives in proceedings before the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) and the implementation of reparations as mechanisms for reconciliation. The study argues that victims’ relatives and survivors’ input in legal proceedings and horizontal relationships with legal representation foster agency and dignity, enabling reconciliation. Whereas full engagement in the IAHRS process promotes an inclusive legal environment, failure to implement Court-mandated reparations obstructs reconciliation with State institutions and the idea of justice itself, causing disillusionment. Received: 15 May 2025; Accepted: 19 November 2025

Abstract We combine Indigenous and Western scientific ontologies to explore the deep history of pinyon pine in the Holocene Great Basin. We address 61 Theft of Pine Nuts ( TPN ) oral histories transcribed over the last 152 years. Contemporary Paiute, Shoshone, and Wá∙šiw storytellers still tell these narratives, which five Indigenous coauthors heard growing up. Considered judiciously and in concert with independent corroboration, these traditional oral histories (often dismissed as “myths”) potentially convey significant historical landmarks. Four themes emerge: (1) pine nuts have been a driving force in Indigenous Great Basin lifeways for millennia, (2) TPN oral histories pinpoint homelands beyond which pinyon trees grow today, (3) TPN narratives encode shifting animal biodiversity, and (4) massive ice barriers (likely dating to the Late Pleistocene) thwarted pine-nut thieves. We seek out elements encoded in oral histories that reflect pinyon-pine ecology and pinyon as a long-term vehicle of survivance among Indigenous Great Basin communities. Our findings reflect Roger Echo-Hawk’s (2000:90) wise counsel that “written words and spoken words need not compete for authority in academia, nor should the archaeological record be viewed as the antithesis of oral records. Peaceful coexistence and mutual interdependence offer more useful paradigms for these ‘ways of knowing.’”