Pavlov Pouch Research Articles

Experiments on the relationship of the neurohypophysis to gastric secretion

(1) Studies on gastric secretory response to histamine and food on Pavlov pouch dogs with practically complete dysfunction of the posterior pituitary showed no alteration in the acidity of the gastric juice. There was a decrease in volume which was probably caused by the mild dehydration occurring in these polyuric animals during the three hour test period. (2) The injection of Pitressin tannate into normal pouch dogs produces no alteration in either volume or acidity; after pituitary stalk section the injection of this drug tends to raise the volume towards the normal secretory level without altering the acidity.

A Simplified Procedure for Preparing an Improved Pavlov Pouch

The classical operation for preparing an innervated pouch (“Pavlov Pouch”) of a portion of the stomach12 is difficult and time-consuming and there is some doubt whether the pouch retains its full vagus innervation.3 Modifications have been suggested which were designed to simplify the technic45 or to preserve a larger proportion of the nerve supply.561718 However, with one exception8 no procedure has been described which does not involve the complete separation of a part of the wall of the pouch from that of the main stomach with the consequent risk of severance of at least some of the nerve fibers.The operation to be described leaves intact the entire muscular wall connecting the pouch with the main stomach. This has the double advantage of preserving the entire nerve supply and of avoiding the necessity of severing any of the larger blood vessels. Because no time is lost controlling hemorrhage, the operation can be performed more quickly, and therefore with less shock to the animal than the classical op...

A Modification of the Method of Hollander and Jemerin for Making Pavlov Pouches

A Modification of the Method of Hollander and Jemerin for Making Pavlov Pouches

THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLIC ADDICTS

The part that alcohol plays in producing acute gastritis has been known since 1833, when William Beaumont1first described the erythema and aphthous patches and the mucopurulent exudates with blood-tinged red mucus that appeared in St. Martin's stomach after an alcoholic debauch. These observations were confirmed later by Saito,2who instilled 50 per cent alcohol into the Pavlov pouch of a dog and observed the mucus and the inflammatory changes which resulted. Henning,3Thomsen4and Ostrouch5described the microscopic structural changes which alcohol produced in the gastric epithelium of animals. Ebstein6produced acute alcoholic gastritis in dogs and observed congestion, edema, hemorrhages and erosions of the mucosa. He found microscopic pathologic changes only in the chief cells of the gastric glands. Faber and Lange7concluded from their pathologic studies that alcohol is an important factor in producing acute gastritis. That the use of

Basal secretion of Pavlov pouch dogs as influenced by oxygen want

The chlorides, acids and pH of the basal secretion of the Pavlov pouch are not appreciably affected by oxygen want within ranges compatible with consciousness in the unacclimatized dog. The volume of basal secretion is not affected by moderate ranges of oxygen want as much as is the secretion provoked by food. The more severe degrees of oxygen want, however, depress the basal secretion the same as it does the secretion caused by the stimulating action of food. The work suggests that the basal secretion of the gastric glands has a low oxygen requirement. Finally, it is of clinical interest to know that even moderately severe degrees of oxygen want have no appreciable affect on the basal gastric secretion.

A New and Simple Method for Preparing Large Pavlov Pouches.

A new, simple and efficient method for preparation of Pavlov pouches in described, leaving intact more than 50% of the normal vagus supply to the pouch. The pouch has hardly any basal (fasting) secretion, with no free and very little combined acid. These pouches respond with maximal secretion, both volume and acidity, to food and histamine.

Effects of Atropine and Fat on Gastric Secretion Stimulated by Alcohol

ConclusionsIn dogs with Pavlov pouches the gastric secretory response to dilute alcohol is resistant to the inhibitory effects of atropine or fat.

Relation of blood CO2 and dehydration to gastric acidity

(1) An attempt was made in dogs to determine a correlation between the plasma CO2 and the gastric acidity. No such correlation could be demonstrated by the methods used. (2) The plasma CO. was lowered to 26 volumes per cent by feeding ammonium chloride. This caused no decrease in the free acidity of Pavlov pouches. Concurrent with the administration of this salt there was a great increase in the pouch secretion attributed to a coincidental water intake from thirst produced by salt ingestion. (3) The importance of evaluating the total amount of effective free acid is emphasized rather than considering only free acid “clinical units.” (4) Dehydration was quite effective in reducing the amount of pouch secretion but caused only a little change in the free acid. Dogs can be maintained for days on such a dehydration regime without apparent distress or harm.

THE EFFECT OF ANOXIA ON GASTRIC SECRETION FROM PAVLOV AND HEIDENHAIN POUCH DOGS

ArticleTHE EFFECT OF ANOXIA ON GASTRIC SECRETION FROM PAVLOV AND HEIDENHAIN POUCH DOGSArthur D. Pickett, and Edward J. Van LiereArthur D. PickettFrom the Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, and Edward J. Van LiereFrom the Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, MorgantownPublished Online:31 Oct 1939https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1939.127.4.637MoreSectionsPDF (689 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 127Issue 4October 1939Pages 637-641 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1939 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1939.127.4.637History Received 18 July 1939 Published online 31 October 1939 Published in print 31 October 1939 Metrics

Gastric Vagi in the Dog. Erroneous Assumption of Uninterrupted Vagal Innervation in the Pavlov Pouch.

The fundamental difference in concept between the Pavlov pouch and the Heidenhain pouch is that the vagal innervation of the former is intact. Fig. 1, reproduced from Khigine1 and Pavlov,2, 3 indicates the anatomical concept upon which they based their operative procedure. According to this diagram, after the anterior vagus trunk leaves the anterior gastric plexus, it descends the anterior surface of the stomach along the lesser curvature to the pylorus. The main posterior vagus trunk, however, after leaving the posterior gastric plexus, descends the corresponding stomach surface along the greater curvature to approximately the beginning of the pars pylorica. The incision which separates the pouch from the main stomach passes between these two main trunks and their arborizations. Consequently, the posterior trunk passes intact through the sero-muscular isthmus which joins the pouch to the stomach proper, insuring the integrity of the vagus supply to the pouch.With only minor modifications in technique, th...

Gastric Digestion of Soybean Flour

Summary A soybean gruel made by mixing one part of soybean flour with nine parts of water was compared with whole and skim milk for calf feeding. A fortified soybean gruel in which skim milk solids made up one third of the total solids of the gruel was also tried. The results were analyzed in terms of (1) cubic centimeters of gastric juice collected by half hour periods from Pavlov pouches and (2) free and total acidity of the gastric contents. The amount of gastric juice secreted was approximately the same in both the milk and the soybean gruel trials. The data tend to confirm the belief that the soybean flour-water mixture leaves the stomach more rapidly than the milk curd. The data do not furnish the answer to the question of why calves do not thrive on a soybean gruel but they do indicate that it is not due to a diminished gastric secretion.

The elimination of various dyes from the pavlov pouch of dogs

The elimination of various dyes from the pavlov pouch of dogs

Effect of Simple Duodenal Obstruction upon the Combined Gastric, Pancreatic, Biliary and Duodenal Secretions.

Dragstedt and Dragstedt1 found in anesthetized animals prepared for the simultaneous collection of gastric, pancreatic and duodenal secretions that the intravenous injection of sublethal doses of fluid obtained from an obstructed duodenum or a closed intestinal loop produced “a striking increase in all of the secretions . . . . ” Ivy et al.2 later reported that in 7 animals with Pavlov pouches of the stomach the production of a pyloric stenosis decreased at first the secretion of the pouch in response to a test meal. Later 4 of the 7 animals showed a moderate “hypersecretion”. Dragstedt, Montgomery, Ellis and Matthews3 stated that the experiments referred to above1 “suggest that under conditions similar to those existing in acute dilatation of the stomach, there occurs an absorption of toxic substances from the duodenum which have a pronounced secretogogue action”. Recently Sungchin Kim4 observed an increase in the amount of gastric juice in dogs with a duodenal obstruction.These experiments differ from t...

Effect of Adenylic Acid on Gastric Secretion.

Following the isolation of histamine from the pyloric mucosa,1 it was suggested that histamine might be found in the blood stream after the ingestion of a meat meal. The extraction of quantities of blood for histamine by various methods gave a substance which possessed vasodepressor properties and gave a positive Pauly reaction but was uniformly negative (subcutaneous) in producing a gastric response.Adenylic acid is one of the vasodepressor substances found in the blood stream.2 According to Bennet and Drury,3 3 mg. of adenylic acid intravenously cause a blood pressure fall of 40 mg. of mercury. Believing that this substance might be capable of producing a gastric secretory response, doses from 1.0 to 10.0 mg. were injected subcutaneously into Pavlov pouch dogs. The gastric response was uniformly negative.

Return of Gastric Acidity after Subtotal Gastrectomy and Double Vagotomy

The following study was undertaken to determine the influence of subtotal gastric resection and double vagotomy upon gastric acidity in dogs. Portis and Portis showed that the total acidity remained unaltered after subtotal gastrectomy in dogs. Hartzell found a marked reduction in acid after supra-phrenic double vagotomy, but 2 years later Vanzant working with the same animals reported that the acid had returned to normal values. Complete studies have been made upon 5 dogs. Preliminary to resection and vagotomy, a Pavlov pouch was made. Then, 2 to 3 weeks later when the acidity of the pouch was stabilized, the second operation was performed. This consisted of isolation and division of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks on the abdominal portion of the esophagus and resection of the distal portion of the stomach from a point approximately 3 cm. proximal to the incisura angularis to just beyond the pyloric ring, thus insuring complete removal of the antrum and pylorus. The stump of the duodenum was closed and an anterior Polya gastro-jejunostomy was established. For the study of gastric secretion a test meal consisting of lean meat and water was used. Specimens were obtained for analysis from the intact stomach before operation; from the pouch and main stomach 12 days after the first operation; and from the pouch and gastric remnant for 6 to 12 weeks after the second operation. The samples were aspirated at hourly intervals for periods of 4 to 7 hours after the administration of the test meal and were examined for free, combined, and total acidity by titrating against N/10 sodium hydroxide. In addition, the effect of atropine upon the secretory response to a test meal was studied before and after subtotal removal of the stomach and section of the vagi.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GASTRIC SECRETION IN THE DOG AFTER INGESTION OF HADDOCK FLESH AND SKIN AND OF BEEF MEAT

Ingestion of broths prepared from haddock skin freed from scale activated in a Pavlov's pouch dog a secretion of gastric juice which was 85% greater than did corresponding preparations of haddock flesh or beef muscle. Admixture of haddock skin to the food causes an augmentation of the gastric secretion.

THE NEUTRAL RED TEST IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

During the past year we were able to demonstrate the presence of injected neutral red in the gastric extractions of three patients who had pernicious anemia. These determinations prompted us to make this report. The use of neutral red has been advocated in the study of the gastric secretory function. Fuld 1 discovered that neutral red would appear in a Pavlov pouch after the dye was placed in the large stomach. Several years later, Finkelstein 2 found that it was practically the only dyestuff eliminated in appreciable quantities in the Pavlov pouches of dogs after intramuscular administration. One year later, Glaessner and Wittgenstein 3 applied this fact clinically. Davidson, Willcox and Haagensen 4 concluded that neutral red was excreted in achylia accompanying every condition except pernicious anemia. In their studies, they investigated eight cases of pernicious anemia, and did not recover neutral red in the gastric extractions after two hours. Their statement that the

Treatment of Peptic Ulcer with Gastric Mucin.

In the literature on gastric secretion, the capacity of mucus to lower the free acid in the stomach is repeatedly suggested. While working on the “Relationship between Gastric Secretion and Basal Secretion of the Stomach” Lim determined that the concentration of the mucus in the stomach is highest at the lower secretion rates. The problem here was to determine the effect of increasing the mucus content of the stomach upon the free HCl. To evaluate the antacid effect of gastric mucin, it was necessary to either stimulate the secretion of mucin or to administer mucin by mouth. In these experiments attempts at stimulation failed to give consistent results, therefore a neutral preparation of hog mucin was prepared. Two ounces of this mucin in the stomach of Pavlov pouch dogs, after stimulation with 1 mgm. of histamine, was found sufficient to keep the stomach free of free HCl despite the fact that the pouches in these dogs showed adequate gastric secretion. Free HCl would always be present if the same experim...

EXCRETION OF NEUTRAL RED IN THE STOMACH IN ACHYLIA GASTRICA

In 1908, Fuld 1 discovered that neutral red would appear in a Pavlov pouch after it was placed in the large stomach. Many years later, Finkelstein 2 found that it was practically the only dyestuff eliminated in appreciable quantities in the Pavlov pouches of dogs. In 1923, one year later, Glaessner and Wittgenstein 3 applied this fact clinically. Finding that this dyestuff was nontoxic and not irritating locally, they injected 4 cc. of a 1 per cent watery solution intramuscularly in forty patients. They found that the appearance time of the neutral red in the stomach paralleled the acidity; i. e., in normal persons it was fifteen minutes; in hyperacidity, from five to eight minutes; in subacidity, from twenty to sixty minutes; and in achylia gastrica, it did not appear. In 1925, being interested in the possibility of improving our studies of gastric function, we 4 repeated this work in

Variations in the acidity and total chloride contained in the secretion from an isolated pavlov pouch in the dog

Variations in the acidity and total chloride contained in the secretion from an isolated pavlov pouch in the dog