Weight Loss Patterns Research Articles

Consumption pattern intervention on cassava artificial rice and gluten free noodles

Artificial rice is a staple food product that resembles rice grains from rice which is generally processed from raw materials such as flour. One area in the City of South Cimahi, in the village of Cirendeu. One way to improve food diversification is to intervene in the consumption pattern through the consumption of rice and gluten free noodles from cassava in the North Cimahi City area. The purpose of this research activity is to develop intervention patterns of consumption of rice and cassava free gluten noodles and an analysis of the public health characteristics. The consumption pattern is carried out in Aloe Vera farmer group, Citereup-North Cimahi, West Java. The consumption pattern is carried out by replacing rice from rice as a staple food and replaced with cassava from breakfast and lunch and gluten free noodles from cassava at dinner. The object researchs’ weight was relatively more stable during the intervention process of consumption patterns, although some object researchs showed a pattern of weight loss. The results of the analysis of blood sugar levels prior to and a consumption pattern intervention showed a trend of a decrease in blood sugar levels in some object researchs and a slight exclusion indicated an increase in blood sugar.

Long-Term Weight Outcomes after Bariatric Surgery: A Single Center Saudi Arabian Cohort Experience.

Background: Obesity is considered a global chronic disease requiring weight management through lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, or weight loss surgery. The dramatic increase in patients with severe obesity in Saudi Arabia is paralleled with those undergoing bariatric surgery. Although known to be beneficial in the short term, the long-term impacts of surgery within this group and the sustainability of weight loss after surgery remains unclear. Objectives: We aimed to assess the long-term weight outcomes after bariatric surgery. Setting: The study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study on adult patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB)) during the period between 2009 and 2015 was conducted. Weight loss patterns were evaluated pre- and post-surgery through clinical and anthropometric assessments. Absolute weight loss was determined, and outcome variables: percent excess weight loss (%EWL), percent total weight loss (%TWL), and percent weight regain (%WR), were calculated. Statistical analysis using univariate and multivariate general linear modelling was carried out. Results: A total of 91 (46 males and 45 females) patients were included in the study, with the majority belonging to the SG group. Significant weight reductions were observed at 1 and 3 years of follow-up (p < 0.001) from baseline. The %EWL and %TWL were at their maximum at 3 years (72.4% and 75.8%) and were comparable between the SG and RYGB. Decrements in %EWL and %TWL and increases in %WR were seen from 3 years onwards from bariatric surgery until the study period ended. The yearly follow-up attrition rate was 20.8% at 1 year post-surgery, 26.4% at year 2, 31.8% at year 3, 47.3% at year 4, 62.6% at year 5, and 79.1% at end of study period (at year 6). Conclusion: The major challenge to the successful outcome of bariatric surgery is in maintaining weight loss in the long-term and minimizing weight regain. Factors such as the type of surgery and gender need to be considered before and after surgery, with an emphasis on the need for long-term follow-up to enssure the optimal benefits from this intervention.

Using personalised avatars as an adjunct to a weight loss management programme: A feasibility study

Abstract Background Obesity is a global public health concern. Interventions rely predominantly on managing dietary intake and/or increasing physical activity but sustained adherence is often poor. A lack motivation, self-efficacy and poor adherence to behavioural regimens are recognized barriers to successful weight loss. Avatar-based interventions have been found to achieve better patient outcomes managing chronic conditions by promoting more active engagement. We aimed to evaluate if a personalized avatar, as an adjunct to a routine weight-loss programme, could increase motivation, sustain engagement and improve health outcomes. Methods A feasibility randomised design. Participants were recruited from a community-based, 12-week NHS weight improvement programme. Main outcome measure was weight loss. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistical tests and comparison between intervention/control arms. Acceptability was assessed through interviews and analysed using framework approach. Results 10 males (7-intervention; 3-routine); 33 females (23-intervention; 10-routine) were recruited. Initial mean weight was greater in intervention than routine arm (126.3 kg vs 122.9 kg); pattern of weight loss was similar across both arms in period T0-T1 but accelerated in period T1-T2 for intervention participants, suggesting that access to the personalized avatar may promote greater engagement with weight-loss initiatives in the short-to-medium term. Quality-of-life and self-efficacy measures demonstrated greater improvement in the intervention arm at both T1 (105.5 routine; 99.7 intervention) and T2 (100.1 routine; 81.2 intervention). N = 13 participants, n = 2 healthcare professionals were interviewed about their experience of using the avatar programme. Overall, participants found the intervention acceptable. Conclusions Avatar technology may successfully promote engagement and motivation in a weight-loss programmes, enabling participants to achieve greater weight-loss. Key messages The implementation of a personalised avatar as an adjunct to a weight management programme was both feasible and acceptable. Avatar technology may successfully promote engagement and motivation in weight loss programmes.

Distinguishing early patterns of physical activity goal attainment and weight loss in online behavioral obesity treatment using latent class analysis.

Physical activity (PA) goal adherence is consistently associated with greater weight loss during behavioral obesity treatment, and early weight loss response predicts future weight loss success. However, it remains unclear which behaviors during the initial weeks of treatment distinguish responders from nonresponders and might be effective targets for improving treatment outcomes. To characterize subgroups with distinct patterns of PA goal adherence during the initial 2 months of an online, group-based weight control program and determine associations between these patterns and 6-month weight loss. Participants received an online behavioral obesity intervention with PA goals and daily self-monitoring. Weekly adherence to step goals and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minute goals based on self-monitoring records were examined using latent class analysis. Body weight was objectively measured at 0, 2, and 6 months. Participants (N = 212; 91.5% female, 31.6% race/ethnic minority, mean body mass index: 35.8 ± 5.9 kg/m2) clustered into three subgroups based on early goal attainment: "Both PA Goals," "MVPA Goals Only," and "Neither PA Goal." The "Both PA Goals" class had significantly greater 6-month weight loss (estimated mean weight loss [95% CI]: -9.4% [7.4 to 11.5]) compared to the "MVPA Goals Only" (-4.8% [3.4 to 6.1]) and "Neither PA Goal" classes (-2.5% [1.4 to 3.6]). Individuals meeting both PA goals early in treatment achieve greater weight losses than those meeting MVPA but not step goals, pointing to the need to explore factors associated with nonadherence to each of the PA goals to better understand these potential targets for treatment refinement and adaptive interventions.

Psychological Functioning and Health Behaviors Associated with Weight Loss Patterns up to 13.7 Years After Weight Loss Surgery.

Weight loss surgery produces dramatic health improvements immediately after surgery, including rapid declines in diabetes. However, less is known about its long-term effects. 124 St. Vincent Bariatric Center patients completed questionnaires on weight and psychological functioning a mean of 7.7 and 13.7years post-surgery (T1 and T2, respectively). Because mean weight data may mask differing weight trajectories, participants were categorized based on weight over time. Most participants underwent Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (90.3%) and were Caucasian (96%), female (81.5%), and married (69.1%). Mean age at T2 was 64; mean %EWL was 64.9%. Most patients fit into one of three weight change patterns, reaching weight nadir, and regaining by T1 and then, by T2, experiencing (1) Weight Loss (n = 36), (2) Weight Maintenance (n = 37), or (3) Continued Weight Gain (n = 39). Groups differed significantly on body satisfaction, weighing frequency, and conscientiousness, with Weight Gainers significantly lower than other groups on conscientiousness and body satisfaction, and Weight Losers reporting higher frequency of weighing than Maintainers. Bariatric patients can maintain substantial weight loss and positive psychological functioning for many years post-surgery, although weight regain is associated with less body satisfaction. Conscientiousness may signify medical adherence, whereas frequent weighing may be a behavior that promotes ongoing weight loss.

Effect of beinaglutide treatment on weight loss in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity.

To evaluate the effect of beinaglutide on weight loss and plasma protein patterns of inflammation/obesity relevant cytokines and biomarkers. This study involved 36 adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 24 kg/m2 and T2DM. Beinaglutide was administered for three months. Changes in body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PG) level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, BMI and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were measured at baseline and after three months of treatment. In addition, relevant inflammation/obesity cytokines and biomarkers were measured. After three months, beinaglutide treatment led to significant changes, including in body weight, BMI, FPG level, HbA1c level, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas. In addition, serpin E1, leptin, C-reaction protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) also decreased significantly. The plasma protein concentrations of CRP (Log2 transformed) were found to be positively correlated with the percentage of weight loss (R = 0.514 and p-value = 0.021). Beinaglutide treatment resulted in weight loss, plasma glucose control and anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2DM and overweight/obesity.

Patterns of rapid weight loss in elite sambo athletes

BackgroundRapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar among combat sports, but currently, there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly.MethodsThe sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and every participant was instructed how to fill it out.ResultsAlmost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved.ConclusionsFindings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.

Patterns of self-monitoring technology use and weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Mobile applications and paired devices allow individuals to self-monitor physical activity, dietary intake, and weight fluctuation concurrently. However, little is known regarding patterns of use of these self-monitoring technologies over time and their implications for weight loss. The objectives of this study were to identify distinct patterns of self-monitoring technology use and to investigate the associations between these patterns and weight change. We analyzed data from a 6-month weight loss intervention for school district employees with overweight or obesity (N = 225). We performed repeated measures latent profile analysis (RMLPA) to identify common patterns of self-monitoring technology use and used multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between self-monitoring technology use and weight change. RMLPA revealed four distinct profiles: minimal users (n = 65, 29% of sample), activity trackers (n = 124, 55%), dedicated all-around users (n = 25, 11%), and dedicated all-around users with exceptional food logging (n = 11, 5%). The dedicated all-around users with exceptional food logging lost the most weight (X2[1,225] = 5.27, p = .0217). Multiple linear regression revealed that, adjusting for covariates, only percentage of days of wireless weight scale use (B = -0.05, t(212) = -3.79, p < .001) was independently associated with weight loss. We identified distinct patterns in mHealth self-monitoring technology use for tracking weight loss behaviors. Self-monitoring of weight was most consistently linked to weight loss, while exceptional food logging characterized the group with the greatest weight loss. Weight loss interventions should promote self-monitoring of weight and consider encouraging food logging to individuals who have demonstrated consistent use of self-monitoring technologies.

Malnutrition and cancer, diagnosis and treatment

Summary Background The prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients ranges from about 20% to more than 70%. However, 10–20% of cancer patients’ deaths are related to malnutrition, not the malignancy itself. To reverse the pattern of weight loss, improve the patients’ quality of life, reduce the treatment toxicity, the psychological stress and the risk of mortality, the diagnosis of malnutrition should be made as early as possible to facilitate the best possible treatment. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted following guidelines of ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition), DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine) and ASPEN (American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). Results and conclusion To assess the risk of malnutrition, all cancer patients should be screened regularly with a valid screening tool (e.g., MUST [Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool], NRS [Nutritional Risk Screening] or PG-SGA [Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment]). If risk of malnutrition is present, adequate nutritional therapy is recommended to stop involuntary weight loss. Patients should engage in exercise to maintain and improve muscle mass, strength and function. They should be offered regular dietetic counselling, and their muscle depletion should be monitored by determining fat-free mass. As cachectic patients in particular are at risk, the presence of cachexia should also be recognized at an early stage. Three consensus-based definitions are widely accepted: Fearon et al. and the EPCRC (European Palliative Care Research Collaborative) propose definitions specifically for cancer cachexia, while Evans et al. put forward a definition for cachexia associated with all types of underlying chronic diseases. However, if there is a cancer cachexia diagnosis, additional pharmacological and psychological treatment should be considered.

Patterns of Weight Loss Medication Utilization and Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery

BackgroundBariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity; however, some patients experience significant weight regain. Weight loss medications (WLM) are being increasingly used in surgery patients with limited evidence. We examine weight loss outcomes in patients using WLM after bariatric surgery. MethodsIn a retrospective study, 197 bariatric surgery patients who started WLM between 2016 and 2019 at a single center were analyzed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on outcomes of the initial surgery: (1) Weight regainers (WR) = achieved goal weight loss after surgery (15% total body weight loss (TBWL) for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 25% TBWL for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)) with subsequent regain of > 20% of weight lost; (2) Adequate weight loss (AWL) = achieved goal weight loss without > 20% weight regain; (3) Non-responders (NR) = never achieved goal weight loss. Weight loss and medication use patterns were analyzed. ResultsAmong the three categories, there was no significant difference in duration of medical therapy or %TBWL with medications. RYGB patients lost more weight than SG patients using WLM (p = 0.03). Of the medications used, patients treated with phentermine + topiramate had the highest likelihood of achieving 5%, 10%, and 15% weight loss. Compared to other 2 groups, AWL group initiated WLM earlier and experienced more weight loss when compared to their pre-operative weight or post-operative nadir. ConclusionsRYGB patients respond better to WLM than SG patients. Those who had started WLM before regaining weight (AWL) experienced greater overall weight loss, suggesting that proactive medical therapy at the time of weight plateau can help with greater total weight loss. Phentermine + topiramate is the most effective WLM in post-bariatric surgery patients.

Recycling Baby Diaper Waste into Cellulose and Nanocellulose

The present work reports the baby diaper wastes to recycle into cellulose and nanocellulose. Cellulose was extracted by chlorine-free approach, using acetic and nitric acids. Approximately 25.13 ± 1.02% w/w cellulose was extracted from the used baby diapers. FE-SEM and TEM analysed the morphology of extracted cellulose and nano cellulose. Different carbon atoms and functional groups of the extracted cellulose were identified by CP/MAS 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy respectively. Extracted cellulose exhibited a crystallinity of 65.16% as observed from the XRD analysis. A horizontal pattern of weight loss from 310 to 530 °C with an endothermal peak at 355 °C from DSC-TGA confirmed the presence of cellulose. Spherical cellulose nanocrystals (SCNCs) were produced using sulphuric acid hydrolysis with a size range of 50–190 nm. HPLC analysis of SCNCs confirmed the presence of only glucose and a minor fraction of cellobiose, indicating the high purity of the extracted cellulose.

Injuries and rapid weight loss in elite Korean wrestlers: an epidemiological study

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between rapid weight loss and injury patterns during the training of elite wrestlers, expected to represent South Korea. Methods Since 2019, data for elite wrestlers have been collected prospectively by the Korean Training Center. The data were stratified by sex, wrestling style, weight class, injury location, injuries during the weight-loss period, and weight loss method. The χ2 test was used to compare groups. The risk of injury was indicated by the Poisson rate with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results There were 120 male Greco-Roman, 120 male freestyle, and 100 female freestyle wrestling. The mean weight loss among wrestlers was 5.52 (±1.44) kg, and the mean duration of weight loss was 7.96 (±3.31) days. In general, all wrestlers used similar weight loss methods. We recorded 914 injuries in 340 athletes. Wrestlers had significantly higher injury rates during weight loss periods than during other periods of training (23.18 VS 11.93; p < 0.001). Most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (38.0%), followed by the upper extremities (25.9%), trunk (24.8%), and the head and neck area (11.3%). The injury severity was significantly influenced by sex, wrestling style, and weight class. Conclusion Rapid weight loss is related to the incidence of sports injuries in wrestlers. Most injuries occur during rapid weight loss periods in South Korean elite wrestlers. Moreover, the injury site and injury severity depend on sex, wrestling style, and weight class.

特定保健指導積極的支援中の減量成功者と不成功者の体重変化パターンと属性，食習慣・運動習慣改善状況の検討

特定保健指導積極的支援中の減量成功者と不成功者の体重変化パターンと属性，食習慣・運動習慣改善状況の検討

Hibernation Patterns of the European Hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, at a Cornish Rescue Centre.

Simple SummaryPopulations of the European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, are declining in the UK. This small mammal is frequently admitted to rescue centres in the UK to be treated for a variety of illnesses or injuries. With many spending the winter in captivity, clear guidelines about how to look after hedgehogs during their hibernation would be very useful. We studied 35 hedgehogs over two winters to learn about their sleeping behaviour and how they change weight. We measured the total length of hibernation and the periods during hibernation when hedgehogs are more active (called spontaneous arousals). There were three main results. (1) The longer the hibernation, the more weight was lost. (2) Previous studies show that arousal is energetically expensive. Despite this, weight-loss was more related to the amount of time spent sleeping than to the number of times the hedgehog woke up, perhaps because they could easily feed each time they woke up. (3) Larger hedgehogs lost proportionally less weight per day, perhaps because they woke up and fed more often than did smaller hedgehogs. Behaviour by hibernating hedgehogs in captivity differs from that in the wild. Patterns revealed in this study are used to make some recommendations for guidelines that can be adapted for individual hedgehogs according to their size and behaviour during hibernation.The European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, is frequently admitted to rescue centres in the UK. With many overwintering in captivity, there is cause to investigate hibernation patterns in order to inform and improve husbandry and monitoring protocols. Thirty-five hedgehogs were studied over two winters. Weight change during hibernation for the first winter was used to test for effects of disturbance on different aspects of hibernation, including total duration, frequency and duration of spontaneous arousals. There was no significant difference between the two winters for any of the four aspects studied. Significant positive correlations demonstrated that weight-loss increased with the duration of the hibernation period and with percent of nights spent asleep, but not with the number of arousal events. Thus, weight-loss appears more strongly associated with the proportion of time spent asleep than with the number of arousal events. This was surprising given the assumed energetic expense of repeated arousal and was potentially due to availability of food during arousals. In contrast with previous studies, larger hedgehogs lost less weight per day than did smaller hedgehogs. They also woke up more often (i.e., had more opportunities to feed), which may explain the unexpected pattern of weight-loss. Hibernatory behaviour in captivity differs from that in the wild, likely because of non-natural conditions in hutches and the immediate availability of food. This study provides a basis for further research into the monitoring and husbandry of hedgehogs such that it can be adapted for each individual according to pre-hibernation weight and behaviour during hibernation.

Outcomes in Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: an Updated 5-Year Review.

Knowledge regarding postoperative outcomes after bariatric and metabolic surgery continues to evolve. This review highlights key findings in outcomes research over the last 5years related to weight loss, remission of obesity-related disease, reflux, revisional surgery, robotic-assisted surgical platforms, and adolescent populations. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) produce similar weight loss patterns at 5years, while duodenal switch (BPD/DS) and related procedures are associated with maximal weight loss overall and optimal resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following surgery is more likely in patients who are not insulin dependent prior to surgery. Bariatric and metabolic surgery offers a significant protective effect against coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated interventions in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, as well as heart failure (HF). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dysphagia following SG are common, and routine endoscopic surveillance for Barrett's esophagus may be of significant utility. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic platforms concur similar outcomes to laparoscopic intervention, with a potential benefit in high BMI patients. Revisional surgery is most commonly performed for weight regain and/or inadequate weight loss following an index procedure, or reflux, and generally characterized by higher postoperative complication rates and longer inpatient lengths of stay (LOS). Surgical intervention in adolescent populations has similar weight loss and postoperative complication profiles to those seen in adult populations, with improved outcomes related to T2DM. Bariatric and metabolic surgery continues to evolve as a treatment for obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. While effective for weight loss and remission of obesity-related disease, SG is associated with high rates of postoperative GERD.

Abstract C011: The effects of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention on quality of life in African-American breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background. African-American Breast Cancer survivors (AABCS) report long-term challenges with weight gain, symptom burden, fatigue and overall physical and mental quality of life (QOL) following breast cancer treatment. Lifestyle interventions supporting weight loss, improved diet and physical activity patterns document reduced symptom burden and fatigue, and improved QOL. Most studies, however, do not include diverse samples. The Moving Forward randomized trial examined the effects of a weight loss intervention among 246 AABCS on multiple outcomes including quality of life. We will also examine correlates associated with improved QOL. Methods: 246 AABCS were randomized to either a 6-month interventionist-guided (IG) or self-guided (SG) program. The IG-program included twice weekly classes with supervised exercise that addressed strategies to improve diet, be more active and lose weight. Participants also received bi-weekly supportive text messages. This program was held in partnership with the Chicago Park District in eight predominately AA Chicago neighborhoods. The SG-program received a program binder with the same information offered in the IG group. Measures were collected at baseline, 6-mos and 12mos and included: PROMIS-10 QOL, the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Results: Women in the IG group (n=125) lost significantly more weight than those in the SG (n=121) group (-3.49kgs vs -1.27kgs, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and % weight loss (3.6% vs 1.4%, p=0.001) at 6 mos. Post-intervention, PROMIS scores were significantly higher than those in the SG group (n=101) for the mental (p=0.024) and physical (p=0.016) scales. The magnitude of improvement from baseline to 6 months for both mental (p=0.006) and physical health scores (p&amp;lt;0.001) was also significantly higher in the IG group. At 12 months there were no longer significant difference between groups, however the change from baseline remained higher for the IG group for mental (p=0.067) and physical measures (p=0.004). IG also reported lower fatigue post-intervention (p&amp;lt;0.0001) compared to SG. Conclusions: This study suggests that a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention can improve physical and mental quality of life and proposes that these improvements can be maintained beyond the intervention period. Additional analyses will explore potential correlates of QOL improvements including weight loss, self-efficacy and social support. Citation Format: Lola Awoyinka, Lisa Sharp, Alexis Visotcky, Anjishnu Banerjee, Patricia Sheean, Melinda Stolley. The effects of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention on quality of life in African-American breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C011.

Influence of Negative Calorie Foods on Atherogenic Indices in Overweight Women

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effects of diet of negative calorie foods (NCF) on weight, atherogenic lipids, and atherogenic ratio and compare its efficiency with diet of low calorie foods (LCF). Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, the participants were randomly selected from inactive overweight females (age 45-75 years) by parallel assignment were distributed randomly into two groups: NCF group that received a highcarbohydrate (75%), and low-fat (10%) diet, and LCF group had a dietary recipe with 55% of carbohydrate and a little fat (30%) content. Both groups had a healthy calorie restriction (15%) from their daily caloric requirements within three months. Evaluation of body weight, atherogenic lipids (total-C, HDL-C and LDL-C), and atherogenic ratio (total-C to HDL-C) were performed pre- and postintervention for all subjects and compared to each other. Results: The results of the within-group comparison of NCF and LCF on weight (respectively, P -value= 0.04; P -value= 0.03), total-C (respectively, P -value= 0.02; P -value= 0.03), HDL-C (respectively, P -value= 0.04; P -value= 0.01) and LDL-C (respectively, P -value= 0.01; P -value= 0.03) revealed significant effects. Also, significant differences were observed between groups in atherogenic lipid profile, total-C ( P -value: 0.03), HDL-C ( P -value: 0.001), and LDL-C ( P -value: 0.03). The result of the between-group comparison was also significant in atherogenic ratio ( P -value: 0.04). Conclusion: Contrary to expectation, dietary regimen demonstrated a similar pattern of weight loss in females. The NCF when compared to the LCF, is not a healthy choice for weight loss in sedentary females with overweight.

Hypothalamic and brain stem neurochemical profile in anorectic rats after peripheral administration of kisspeptin-10 using 1 H-nmr spectroscopy in vivo.

Although anorexia nervosa is classified as a psychiatric disorder associated with socio-environmental and psychological factors, a deeper insight into the dominant neurobiological basis is needed to develop a more effective approach of treatment. Given the high contribution of genetic predisposition and the underlying pathophysiology of neurohormonal circuits, it seems that pharmacological targeting of these mechanisms may provide us with better therapeutic outcomes. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to measure concentrations of the hypothalamus and brain stem metabolites in an activity-based rodent model (ABA) after subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-10. Because anorexia mainly affects young women and often leads to hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism, we investigated the influence of this neuropeptide, which is involved in reproductive function by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, on the ABA model development. Kisspeptin reinforced food consumption in an activity-based rodent model of anorexia changing a pattern of weight loss. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy of the hypothalamus and brain stem of ABA rats revealed a statistically significant change in the concentration of creatine (Cr; decreased, P = 0.030), phosphocreatine (PCr; increased, P = 0.030), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; decreased, P = 0.011), glutathione (GSH; increased, P = 0.011) and inositol (INS; increased, P = 0.047) compared to the control group. Subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin reversed the decrease in GABA (P = 0.018) and Cr (P = 0.030) levels in the hypothalamus as well as restored glutamate (GLU; P = 0.040) level in the brain stem. We suspect that kisspeptin through modulation of hypothalamic GABAergic signaling increases food intake, and thus positively alters brain metabolism.

Is weight regaining significant post laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery? - A 5-year follow-up study on Indian patients.

Background:Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been proven to induce significant weight loss and remission of related co-morbidities in patients with morbid obesity. The long-term follow-up data show weight regain or failure to achieve complete remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in some patients. In this study, we report weight loss patterns and remission of T2DM in patients with morbid obesity during a 5-year follow-up after RYGB.Objective:The objective was to evaluate outcomes during the follow-up on excess weight loss (EWL) and remission of T2DM after laparoscopic RYGB among Indian patients.Setting:The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala, India.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study in patients who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2010. The patient demographics, pre- and post-operative body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities and EWL were recorded from the medical records. These data were compared between pre-operative and follow-up intervals till 5 years using statistical approaches.Results:The study included 157 patients (91 males and 66 females) having a mean pre-operative BMI of 47.91 ± 7.01 kg/m2. A significant reduction in the BMI was observed at each follow-up point (P < 0.01) till 5 years after the surgery. The mean percentage of EWL increased from 34.57% ± 12.62% to 71.50% ± 15.41% from 3 months to 5 years after the surgery. Twelve per cent (n = 19) of patients achieved normal BMI (<25 mg/kg2) by 3rd year after the surgery. However, the remission of T2DM was achieved in >50% of patients within a year of surgery. During the 5th year, weight regain (1–22 kg) was observed in 36.70% (n = 58) patients, and recurrence of T2DM was observed in two patients.Conclusions:The long-term durability of RYGB in the study population was satisfactory with significant weight loss and remission of T2DM.

A View on Patterns of Weight Loss after Intragastric Balloon Insertion in Iraqi Patients

A View on Patterns of Weight Loss after Intragastric Balloon Insertion in Iraqi Patients