Reconfigurable Pattern Research Articles

Pattern-Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna

We propose a pattern-reconfigurable liquid metal magneto-electric dipole antenna. The antenna is composed of a magneto-electric dipole made of copper and a liquid metal channel structure made of Polycarbonate (PC), one Г-Type feeding strip is placed in the middle of magneto-electric dipole for coupling feeding. The proposed pattern-reconfigurable antenna mainly uses liquid metal to make parasitic units around the antenna. Each liquid metal parasitic unit is controlled separately and connected with the liquid storage tank at the bottom through a plastic tube, by changing the arrangement of parasitic units, the pattern reconfiguration of 15 states can be realized corresponding to (θ, Φ) max = (0°, 0°), (±32°, 0°), (±30°, ±30°), (±32°, ±58°), (±28°, ±86°). The main working frequency band of the antenna is 2–2.5 GHz. When the working state of the antenna changes, the gain is always higher than 6 dB and the efficiency is greater than 70%. The proposed antenna can cover part of the communication frequency band and can be used for future communication.

A Highly Pattern-Reconfigurable Planar Antenna With 360° Single- and Multi-Beam Steering

A novel single-fed horizontally polarized pattern-reconfigurable antenna is proposed with the key feature that is highly pattern-reconfigurable. The antenna is able to generate a large variety of radiation patterns, including omnidirectional, single-directive, and multi-beam patterns without using phase shifters. The antenna is based on a planar geometry, which consists of an Alford loop and four compact parasitic pixel rings with 60 integrated controlling units utilizing p-i-n diodes. Experimental and simulation results are provided for the proposed antenna design operating at 5 GHz. The results show that the single-beam steering with 7.3 dBi gain through 360° in the azimuth plane is achieved. Moreover, flexible dual-beam steering with one beam fixed and the other beam scanning independently among 360° in the azimuth plane is also demonstrated where each beam has 5 dBi gain. Other radiation modes, such as the omnidirectional mode, the tri-beam-steering mode, and the elevation plane steering mode, are also verified. The features of high pattern reconfigurability, 360° single-beam- and multi-beam-steering ability, full 3-D space scanning, planar geometry, and compatibility with a digital controller make it useful in various sub-6 GHz wireless applications, such as wireless power transfer, RF sensing, and analog precoding.

A Compact, Broadband, Monopole-Like Endfire Antenna With Reconfigurable Patterns for 5G Applications

This communication presents a novel compact, broadband, monopole-like endfire antenna with reconfigurable radiation patterns for 5G applications. Based on the mirror principle, a half-size monopole-like endfire structure with a wideband response is firstly proposed and analyzed. By switching the ON/OFF states of p-i-n diodes embedded in the passive stub lines, the monopole-like endfire structure achieves omnidirectional and endfire beam switching. Since the structure has a stable and broadband frequency response, a novel flexible pattern diversity antenna with omnidirectional coverage and directional scanned radiation is easily implemented by loading multiple stub lines. To validate the working principle, a nine-mode pattern reconfigurable antenna with a compact size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.31\,\,\lambda _{0}\,\,\times \,\,0.31\,\,\lambda _{0}\,\,\times \,\,0.19\,\,\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free space wavelength at 3.75 GHz, radiator only) is designed and fabricated. The measured overlapped −10 dB impedance bandwidth for the nine modes is from 3.30 to 4.20 GHz (>24.0%), which well covers the 5G N77/N78 band. Besides, their measured gain is greater than 4.0/5.30 dBi. The proposed antenna has the merits of a compact size, simple design, wideband, good radiation performance, and flexible multibeam switching capacity. It is a good candidate for 5G new radio and other sub-6 GHz applications.

A wideband planar pattern reconfigurable antenna for IEEE 802.11ac WLAN applications

A novel planar pattern reconfigurable antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of four identical antenna elements distributed at different positions on a F4B255 substrate forming a cross shape. Each antenna element is composed of a direct fed magnetic dipole with bow tie shape and four coupling fed magnetic dipoles with rectangular shape which achieves wide bandwidth and titled radiation pattern. The ground plane under each antenna element is etched with taper shape to reduce the coupling among antenna elements. The four antenna elements are linked to and fed by one port via a step shaped metal strip on the ground plane and radiation layer, respectively. A PIN diode is mounted in each strip to switch the connection/disconnection of each antenna element with the feeding port. Pattern reconfiguration is obtained by electrically choosing the excitation of each antenna element. The proposed antenna operates in four states with four steerable beam directions of θ = ±45° in both xoz and yoz planes. The measured common bandwidth for the four states is 5.15–5.93 GHz and the measured gain ranges from 6.14 to 8.45 dBi for four states within the bandwidth. The proposed antenna has a low profile and wide bandwidth which makes it a good candidate of micro base station for IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.15–5.85 GHz) applications.

Impaired time-distance reconfiguration patterns in Alzheimer's disease: a dynamic functional connectivity study with 809 individuals from 7 sites

BackgroundThe dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been used successfully to investigate the dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The reconfiguration intensity of nodal dFC, which means the degree of alteration between FCs at different time scales, could provide additional information for understanding the reconfiguration of brain connectivity.ResultsIn this paper, we introduced a feature named time distance nodal connectivity diversity (tdNCD), and then evaluated the network reconfiguration intensity in every specific brain region in AD using a large multicenter dataset (N = 809 from 7 independent sites). Our results showed that the dysfunction involved in three subnetworks in AD, including the default mode network (DMN), the subcortical network (SCN), and the cerebellum network (CBN). The nodal tdNCD inside the DMN increased in AD compared to normal controls, and the nodal dynamic FC of the SCN and the CBN decreased in AD. Additionally, the classification analysis showed that the classification performance was better when combined tdNCD and FC to classify AD from normal control (ACC = 81%, SEN = 83.4%, SPE = 80.6%, and F1-score = 79.4%) than that only using FC (ACC = 78.2%, SEN = 76.2%, SPE = 76.5%, and F1-score = 77.5%) with a leave-one-site-out cross-validation. Besides, the performance of the three classes classification was improved from 50% (only using FC) to 53.3% (combined FC and tdNCD) (macro F1-score accuracy from 46.8 to 48.9%). More importantly, the classification model showed significant clinically predictive correlations (two classes classification: R = −0.38, P < 0.001; three classes classification: R = −0.404, P < 0.001). More importantly, several commonly used machine learning models confirmed that the tdNCD would provide additional information for classifying AD from normal controls.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated dynamic reconfiguration of nodal FC abnormities in AD. The tdNCD highlights the potential for further understanding core mechanisms of brain dysfunction in AD. Evaluating the tdNCD FC provides a promising way to understand AD processes better and investigate novel diagnostic brain imaging biomarkers for AD.

A Dipole with Reflector-Backed Active Metasurface for Linear-to-Circular Polarization Reconfigurability.

In recent years, significant advances have been made in diversifying the capabilities of communication systems by using reconfigurable antennas. There are many types of reconfigurable antennas—to achieve pattern, frequency, or polarization reconfigurability. These antennas are reconfigured either by the mechanical rotation of surfaces or by enabling or disabling specific sections of the structure using electrical switches. This paper focuses on the concept of a polarization reconfigurable antenna based on an active reflector-backed metasurface. An antenna system based on an active reflector-backed metasurface combined with a planar dipole is designed to achieve reconfigurable polarization. The polarization of the designed antenna can be switched between linear and circular polarization states using positive-intrinsic-negative diodes located in the unit cell elements of the metasurface. The measured results correlate well with the simulated results. The antenna has a physical size of 308 × 162 × 35 mm3 with an impedance bandwidth of 4.5% in the linear state and 7% in the circular state, as well as an axial ratio bandwidth larger than 8.3%.

A triple band pattern reconfigurable planar antenna for 5G applications

Abstract This paper presents a triple-band planar antenna with diverse radiation patterns. The proposed planar antenna is a modified swastika shape with three fingers and the ground plane is a circle with rectangular slots etched on four sides radially. The slotted ground plane is loaded with Four PIN diodes to realign the surface current. Pattern reconfigurability is achieved at the triple bands by changing the states of the diode. The antenna operates in triple bands centered at 2.2, 2.9 and 3.5 GHz. The antenna is printed on FR4 Epoxy substrate. The simulated reflection coefficient is well below −10dB at resonant frequencies. The measured patterns and return loss are in very close agreement with the simulated results. This antenna can find potential applications in 5G systems.

Reconfigured metabolism brain network in asymptomatic microtubule-associated protein tau mutation carriers: a graph theoretical analysis

BackgroundStudies exploring topological properties of the metabolic network during the presymptomatic stage of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are scarce. However, such knowledge is important for understanding brain function and disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to explore FTD-specific patterns of metabolism topology reconfiguration in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) mutation carriers before the onset of symptoms.MethodsSix asymptomatic carriers of the MAPT P301L mutation were compared with 12 non-carriers who all belonged to the same family of FTD. For comparison, we included 32 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) patients and 33 unrelated healthy controls. Each participant underwent neuropsychological assessments, genetic testing, and a hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Voxel-wise gray matter volumes and standardized uptake value ratios were calculated and compared for structural MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, separately. The sparse inverse covariance estimation method (SICE) was applied to topological properties and metabolic connectomes of brain functional networks derived from 18F-FDG PET/MRI data. Independent component analysis was used to explore the metabolic connectivity of the salience (SN) and default mode networks (DMN).ResultsThe asymptomatic MAPT carriers performed normal global parameters of the metabolism network, whereas bvFTD patients did not. However, we revealed lost hubs in the ventromedial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate cortices and reconfigured hubs in the anterior insula, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex in asymptomatic carriers compared with non-carriers, which overlapped with the comparisons between bvFTD patients and controls. Similarly, significant differences in local parameters of these nodes were present between asymptomatic carriers and non-carriers. The reduction in the connectivity of lost hub regions and the enhancement of connectivity between reconfigured hubs and components of the frontal cortex were marked during the asymptomatic stage. Metabolic connectivity within the SN and DMN was enhanced in asymptomatic carriers compared with non-mutation carriers but reduced in bvFTD patients relative to controls.ConclusionsOur findings showed that metabolism topology reconfiguration, characterized by the earliest involvement of medial prefrontal areas and active compensation in task-related regions, was present in the presymptomatic phase of genetic FTD with MAPT mutation, which may be used as an imaging biomarker of increased risk of FTD.

Synthesis, Control, and Excitation of Characteristic Modes for Platform-Integrated Antenna Designs: A design philosophy

Electrically compact antennas that exploit the characteristic modes (CMs) of their platforms have recently attracted much attention in military and terminal device antenna research. Conventionally, to design an antenna on a platform, the antenna element is first synthesized in a stand-alone manner, without explicitly considering the platform structure. Electromagnetic compatibility issues may arise since the size of the antenna is usually comparable to the wavelength of operation. In contrast, CM-based platform-integrated antenna design takes advantage of the natural resonant modes of the platforms to achieve the desired properties, such as multiband/wideband operation, polarization or pattern reconfigurability, high isolation between ports (in the case of multiport antennas), and achievement of the specified gain.

Lower sidelobe phased array based on pattern reconfigurable elements

Pattern reconfigurable phased-array antennas can implement the function of beam control and overcome the limited scanning angle of traditional phased-array antennas without affecting the performance and operating frequency. In this article, a linear 1 × 4 phased-array designed for wide-angle scanning is presented. The unit includes an improved C-type dipole antenna, an I-typed resonator, and a ground. With the help of PIN diodes, the direction of the current on the patch is changed so that the unit can operate in two modes. The designed array has the advantages of a simple bias network, wide-beam scanning coverage, high gain, and low-sidelobe levels. Measurement results show that 2.85–3.66 GHz continuous beam scanning has been achieved in the range of −58° to 58°. Meanwhile, gain of up to 11 dBi is obtained, as well as in very good agreement with simulation. The results also verify the reconfigurability of the pattern and the feasibility of the design.

A reconfigurable active microstrip antenna for agile switching: Pattern, beamwidth, and multibeam

This paper discusses a proposed antenna that can simultaneously reconfigure three different antenna properties. Those properties are radiation pattern, Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW), and multibeam reconfiguration in the azimuth plane. To make all this feasible, a new unconventional Single Pole Six Throw (SP6T) switching network has been designed and analyzed. To introduce the reconfigurability, five switchable open stub lines are inserted into the switching network. It makes it feasible to drive the input power to the desired number of output ports by providing the impedance matching at power splitting points. At last, six curved printed dipole (CPD) antennas have been designed with the switching network. This antenna can be switched in 13 different cases. Among all, it produces six narrow beams, three wide beams, three dual beams, and one triple beam in the azimuth plane with an equal interval of angles. The measured result agrees with the simulation outcomes. The average gain in single wide and single narrow beams is 3.8 dBi and 4.8 dBi, respectively.

A Compact Frequency and Radiation Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G and Multistandard Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications

This paper presents a reconfigurable antenna operating in three modes at different frequency bands with pattern reconfiguration. Frequency and pattern reconfigurability are achieved using four PIN diodes. In particular, two diodes are mounted in the radiating part of the hexagon shape to perform the frequency reconfiguration of the antenna. The other two PIN diodes are connected with the inverted L-shaped and CPW ground by changing the main lobe beam steering to achieve the pattern reconfiguration. An antenna has been designed, fabricated, and numerically and experimentally assessed. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated on a commercially available FR-4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm ( ε r = 4.3). Thus, the proposed antenna supports several 5G sub-6 GHz bands (3.1 GHz, 4.1 GHz, and 3.8 GHz), WiFi (2.45 GHz), as well as (7.8 GHz, 9.5 GHz) X-Band Satellite applications. The obtained results are quite promising. In particular, it is observed that the measured results are in close agreement with the simulation results, and the proposed (compact) antenna prototype can be a prospective candidate for future portable devices, sensor networks, and telecommunication applications.

Broadband all‐metal Vivaldi antenna with Rexolite inserted slot edge

AbstractIn this study, broadband, with a reconfigurable pattern, a slot edge all‐metal Vivaldi antenna (SEMVA) is proposed. The designed antenna is fabricated from an aluminum plate. Then the antenna is measured in an anechoic chamber using a spherical near field measurement system. In the first step, the metal Vivaldi antenna without slots is designed as a reference model. The scattering parameters and the radiation pattern results show that the antenna exhibits poor vswr and deteriorated radiation patterns at the lower operating band. In order to overcome these performance problems, the slot edge technique is successfully adapted to the metal Vivaldi antenna. This technique provides wider bandwidth with vswr &lt;2 and a directive radiation pattern at lower operating frequencies. The dielectric material (Rexolite) can also be inserted into the slots of the designed antenna to improve bandwidth and beamwidth. The proposed antennas with and without dielectric insertion are measured and compared. The measurement results show that using slots increase the bandwidth of the designed antenna from 6:1 to 10:1. The proposed antenna operates between 1.38 and 13.8 GHz with a proper end‐fire radiation pattern. In addition, the power handling capacity of the SEMVA is calculated and compared with PCB antennas.

Schizophrenia induces abnormal frequency-dependent patterns of dynamic brain network reconfiguration during an auditory oddball task

Objective. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that has been shown to disturb the dynamic top-down processing of sensory information. Various imaging techniques have revealed abnormalities in brain activity associated with this disorder, both locally and between cerebral regions. However, there is increasing interest in investigating dynamic network response to novel and relevant events at the network level during an attention-demanding task with high-temporal-resolution techniques. The aim of the work was: (i) to test the capacity of a novel algorithm to detect recurrent brain meta-states from auditory oddball task recordings; and (ii) to evaluate how the dynamic activation and behavior of the aforementioned meta-states were altered in schizophrenia, since it has been shown to impair top-down processing of sensory information. Approach. A novel unsupervised method for the detection of brain meta-states based on recurrence plots and community detection algorithms, previously tested on resting-state data, was used on auditory oddball task recordings. Brain meta-states and several properties related to their activation during target trials in the task were extracted from electroencephalography data from patients with schizophrenia and cognitively healthy controls. Main results. The methodology successfully detected meta-states during an auditory oddball task, and they appeared to show both frequency-dependent time-locked and non-time-locked activity with respect to the stimulus onset. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia displayed higher network diversity, and showed more sluggish meta-state transitions, reflected in increased dwell times, less complex meta-state sequences, decreased meta-state space speed, and abnormal ratio of negative meta-state correlations. Significance. Abnormal cognition in schizophrenia is also reflected in decreased brain flexibility at the dynamic network level, which may hamper top-down processing, possibly indicating impaired decision-making linked to dysfunctional predictive coding. Moreover, the results showed the ability of the methodology to find meaningful and task-relevant changes in dynamic connectivity and pathology-related group differences.

A novel single-feed hybrid reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication and radio frequency energy harvesting applications at 28/38GHz.

Reconfigurable antennas have received much attention in RF energy harvesting models owing to their selectivity for operating frequency and polarization. The characteristic of having frequency selectivity and polarization selectivity can be termed as frequency diversity and polarization diversity, respectively. This paper investigates a rectenna device with a new proposed topology in order to eliminate coupling between input and output lines and increase the rectification efficiency with the use of single feed hybrid reconfigurable antenna, switch between 28GHz and 38GHz frequency. Moreover, it is designed to charge a rechargeable battery of 1watt(W). The Reconfiguration mechanism is realized by electronically controlling different states of Switches. PIN Diode (as RLC Equivalent circuit) is used as a switch for ON/OFF states. This antenna mainly comprises rectangular shaped patches (28GHz and 38GHz) with Triango-Truncated edge at the corners. Eighteen PIN Diodes are placed symmetrically throughout the antenna presenting as, S1 & S2 for frequency reconfiguration, S3 to S6 & S7 to S10 connects Triango Truncated edge at the corners for polarization reconfiguration, and for radiation pattern reconfiguration at S11 to S14 & S15 to S18 has been used. The proposed antenna model is capable of simultaneously changing, the radiation patterns as clock and anti-clockwise directions at ±90-degree shift in E and H planes, circularly polarized (CP) states among, Linear Polarization (LP), Right Hand Circularly Polarization (RHCP), and Left Hand Circularly Polarization (LHCP). The current design describes using single antenna for energy harvesting and 5G mobile communication application. This would lead to higher output currents, leading to the ability to efficiently charge a wide variety of batteries. A fully functional prototype has been designed, fabricated and its compound reconfiguration characteristics have been validated for simulated and measured results. For validation of results, the experimental results and the simulation results from the proposed mathematical model were made into comparison, and excellent correlation between the measured and simulated results was obtained.

Compact Multiband Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub- 6GHz 5G Mobile Terminal

In this paper, the design of a multiband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with compound reconfiguration capability in the 5G sub-6 GHz band is presented. Frequency and radiation pattern reconfiguration are enabled on the antenna consisting of two planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements using PIN diodes and DC biasing circuits. This results in reconfigurability in multiple bands, ranging from 0.8 GHz to 6 GHz for GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G-NR bands. At the same time, reflection coefficients of less than -6 dB and high isolation of at least -10 dB between ports ensures satisfactory MIMO diversity performance. Within the operating bands, total efficiencies of between 46.2% and 74.5% is achieved, with less than 0.3 of envelope correlation coefficient. This enables a channel capacity of 9.86 to 10.5 bit/s/Hz. Simulated antenna performance parameters agreed well with measurements, and potentially enables reliable and consistent data throughput for 5G mobile terminals.

Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies: A Comprehensive Survey

Millimeter-wave bands (around 28, 38, 60, and 73 GHz) are anticipated to play a decisive role in the hosting of future wireless systems. The necessity of smart antennas to adaptively meet the requirements of the wireless links claims for new pattern reconfiguration antennas with beam-steering and/or beam-shaping capabilities. This paper reviews the latest research contributions on pattern reconfigurable antennas at mm-Wave frequencies, proposing an unprecedented classification according to the reconfiguration technique and technology. The analyzed systems are divided into two main groups: Reconfigurable and non-reconfigurable feeding antennas. Phased-arrays antennas are the main component of the first category, whereas other reconfigurable means such us the use of metasurfaces or advance materials like liquid crystal or graphene form the second group, devoted to non-reconfigurable feeding antennas. Furthermore, some insights and theoretical background are provided to help the reader understand and appreciate the uniqueness of every solution. Similarly, the beam-scanning and beam-shaping performance of some of the discussed works is analyzed. Finally, some instructive remarks and open research challenges are discussed, with the aim of providing some guidelines for potential new works on the field.

A low profile wideband pattern reconfigurable metasurface antenna

A low profile electrically controlled pattern reconfigurable antenna with wide bandwidth is proposed in this article. The antenna is designed on two closely stacked substrates with a very low profile of 0.04λ0. On the top layer of the design is a periodic metasurface and two parasitic strips, and on the bottom layer is a metallic ground etched with rectangle slot. The feed line is designed on the middle layer to excite the metasurface patch antenna. Eight pin diodes are mounted between the parasitic metallic strips and the adjacent metallic metasurface patch cells for pattern reconfiguration. Two DC biasing voltages are employed to control the pin diodes. By changing the DC voltages, antenna can work at three different modes, and the main beam could be steered among 0°, +25°, and −25° directions. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated and the performance of the prototype is measured. The measured S parameters and radiation pattern show good agreement with the simulated results. The measured overlapped impedance matching bandwidth of the proposed antenna at all working modes is 18.3%. The proposed antenna has the advantages of low profile, high gain, wideband and adjustable main beam.

An Electrically Controlled Pattern- and Polarization-Reconfigurable Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna

A pattern- and polarization-reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. It deploys a conventional cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) with a new switchable feeding network. The feeding network has four slots that are etched in the ground. By tuning the phase distributions in these slots, three DR modes (the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> and two degenerated HEM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">113</sub> modes) are excited. The former has an omnidirectional radiation pattern, whereas the latter two have boresight patterns with orthogonal polarizations ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> - and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> -polarization). By tuning the height-to-radius ratio, these modes can be designed to operate at the same frequency, thus enabling both the pattern and polarization reconfigurability. A prototype of the reconfigurable DRA working in 2.4 GHz is fabricated and measured to verify ideas. Reasonable agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained. Our design provides both pattern and polarization reconfigurability, with good efficiency in the band of interest.

A novel arithmetic sequence pattern reconfiguration technique for line loss reduction of photovoltaic array under non-uniform irradiance

Partial shading causes unwanted impact on the output produced by the photovoltaic arrays. This occurs because some modules in the array are covered by shade while others are not in the same array. As a result of this phenomenon, multiple peaks arise in the P–V characteristics of the photovoltaic array along with sudden and severe row current changes. Both factors impede the array performance. This manuscript presents a novel static reconfiguration technique (i.e., arithmetic sequence pattern configuration) and verifies it using an experimental work bench to reduce the shading effect on the array. This novel approach reconfigures the conventional total cross tied array in the arithmetic sequence pattern that helps to reduce the shading effect on a specific point and distributes it evenly across all the rows and increases the overall energy output. This manuscript examines and compares different techniques such as SuDoKu, futoshiki SuDoKu, improved SuDoKu, skyscraper SuDoKu and modified SuDoKu interconnections based on various factors like fill factor, mismatch power loss, efficiency, and global maximum power points. Finally, the present work concludes that the suggested arithmetic sequence pattern topology effectively reduces the shading effect and wiring losses. It provides better power output in reference to the other topologies. The proposed topology provides a maximum reduction of 37.98% in wire length as compared to skyscraper SuDoKu and minimum mismatch power loss of 594.8 W lesser as compared to the other configurations.