Ownership Patterns Research Articles

Legal Issues in Land Acquisition for Agricultural Production in Nigeria

Land is the nations’ most valuable asset, as it provides sustenance. Legally speaking, land tenure in Nigeria is a complicated web of connections between many organizations that establishes land ownership patterns in connection to various land uses. This study examined the legal issues in land acquisition for agricultural production in Nigeria. Secondary data sourced from books, journals, and the internet were used. Normative legal research techniques were adopted to discuss legal issues in land acquisition, while qualitative content analysis was used to ascertain the level of agricultural production in Nigeria, as well as the relationship between land acquisition and agricultural production in Nigeria. The study’s findings showed that Nigeria's land tenure system supports land partitioning (land fragmentation), which leads to scattered small-scale farming. Tenure rules stipulated in the Nigerian Land Use Act of 1978 hinder agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Additional relevant factors and challenges influencing Nigeria's agricultural production include land tenure insecurity, and political and bureaucratic bottlenecks in the acquisition of land rights for agricultural uses. To ensure improved agricultural productivity, the government should initiate and implement a new land tenure reform that will address the inherent challenges in the current land tenure system.

Ownership Patterns of Land Rights from the Perspective of Customary Law Communities in Waropen Regency Papua Province

Ownership of land rights in the Waropen customary law community is very important because the land is a legacy of their ancestors which is used to meet their daily needs. The aim of this research is to find out more about land ownership rights from the perspective of the Waropen customary law community. The approach used is empirical, which looks directly at the reality that occurs among the Waropen traditional law community regarding ownership of land rights which are considered a legacy from their ancestors and are used to meet their daily needs. Data obtained from field observations, both primary and secondary, are then analyzed systematically so that the data can be accounted for. The results of this research reveal that the Waropen Indigenous people recognize 2 (two) types of land rights, namely ownership rights and use rights. Residents of the Waropen indigenous community can have property rights in the form of individual rights, family property rights which are the same as household property rights, and clan property rights or customary rights. Property rights in the Waropen language are called Mipena (Sanggei Village) or Risanau. Mipena or risanau in the traditional concept is originally a former garden. Former garden land refers to ownership of land or an area that is owned. Meanwhile, the right to use is the right to use or collect proceeds from land controlled by the state or land owned by another person, based on a mutual agreement between the land owner and the person who will use the land. In the Waropen indigenous community, this right of use can be differentiated into several groups of users of land rights, including the right to use for fellow Waropen people, this transfer is facilitated by the Government, the right to use for pastors, evangelists, teachers, health workers who come to dedicate themselves in the Waropen area and use rights are also given to traders from Bugis, Makassar, Java and Toraja as a place to carry out business activities.

Social comparison of home appliance ownership and use and heterogeneous impact on electricity consumption: a case of apartment households in Korea

Efficient energy demand management in the residential sector must be designed based on a sufficient understanding of factors. This study focuses on apartments, a mainstream housing type in Korea. The combination of factor analysis and quantile regression analysis provides insight into the sociocultural meaning of home appliance ownership and use pattern and the differential impact on electricity consumption. The eight representative home appliances closely related to electricity consumption in the household sector are related to household composition, life cycle, economic ability, education, and occupation type. Additionally, the influence of home appliances on electricity consumption is not constant and is differentiated depending on the consumption level of each household. These attempts can provide customized information on specific housing type groups emerging in the future economic development and urban development process. In residential energy demand management, further segmentation and specification of the target and content of information provision will increase the effectiveness of policy achievement.

Longitudinal patterns of companion animals in families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®.

Pet acquisition purportedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic with individuals acquiring pets during periods of social isolation. Families with children experienced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, balancing childcare, remote schooling, and other needs and therefore patterns of pet acquisition and loss may differ from the broader population. The goal of this study was to understand patterns of pet ownership within families with adolescents during the pandemic to help identify areas for improved support and programmatic recommendations. Using self-reported survey data from a sample of 7,590 American adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® COVID Survey, we found no evidence for large-scale changes in pet acquisition or relinquishment during the first year of the pandemic for families with adolescents in the U.S. Future research should explore the effects of pet acquisition and pet loss on families with adolescents and what resources are needed to support pet ownership during stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Earnings management and financial reports’ readability: moderating role of audit quality, cash holding, and ownership pattern

Earnings management and financial reports’ readability: moderating role of audit quality, cash holding, and ownership pattern

On solid ground? Manumitted slaves, land ownership and registration in eighteenth-century Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT In pre-industrial societies subsistence agriculture played a crucial role in ensuring survival, not just for people born free, but also for those born into slavery. Within the legal framework of colonial structures, certain owners granted their enslaved individuals temporary usage rights to parcels of land upon their emancipation, and in rare cases, even bestowed permanent ownership. This article wants to study land ownership patterns of manumitted slaves in eighteenth-century Sri Lanka, when the island’s coastal territories were subject to the influence of the Dutch East India Company. By examining Dutch-language last wills from the period 1702 to 1765 we analyze the patterns of land donations by former owners to their freed slaves. By establishing connections between these donations and the detailed land registers of suburban districts surrounding the cities of Colombo and Galle, our objective is to uncover the shortand long-term implications of land ownership for the manumitted individuals and their families. Furthermore, this article also reflects on the implications of negotiated registration practices of such land ownership with a colonial power for the manumitted slaves. What did the label ‘manumitted’ or ‘free’ slave entail in Sri Lanka’s society, and how did registration in Dutch bureaucracy influence those labelling practices?

Assessing ecological and socio‐political factors in site selection for ocelot reintroduction in Texas

AbstractWildlife reintroduction site selection requires the consideration of not only a species' ecology but also socio‐political factors that may impact conservation efforts. These socio‐political dimensions may be especially important for endangered carnivore reintroductions on private lands in the United States, where landowner support for the reintroduction is a necessity given landowner concerns about ecological and legal impacts of carnivore restoration. We designed an assessment to identify potential sites for reintroduction of the federally endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis pardalis) in Texas, a state where over 97% of lands are privately owned. We incorporated International Union for Conservation of Nature recommendations into a geospatial analysis evaluating potential reintroduction sites based on site size, ecological and life history requirements of ocelots, potential natural and anthropogenic threats, and the socio‐political context of each site. We identified the five highest‐ranking sites that had species‐specific suitable landscape structure of woody cover, fine‐scale vegetative cover, minimal natural and anthropogenic threats, and that present land ownership patterns that are logistically feasible for conservation planners to navigate. Our assessment provided information for ocelot conservation planning and established a framework for incorporating private land data into large‐scale assessments of wildlife reintroduction sites on private lands.

The limits to the urban within multi-scalar energy transitions: Agency, infrastructure and ownership in the UK and Germany

This article critically interrogates the over-emphasis upon urban solutions when considering complex and multi-scalar energy infrastructures that must transition to low-carbon intensity for a sustainable future. While urban actors can play an important role in energy transition, their interventions are riven with difficulties, and at times failure, as they encounter challenges of politics, capacity and agency in a broader and multi-scalar governance landscape. Drawing upon the comparative and variegated political economies of energy infrastructure governance in Germany and the UK, this article makes three critical arguments. Firstly, it contends that patterns of ownership of key infrastructures, particularly in the highly privatised context of the UK but also in Germany’s more diversified energy market, trouble urban-level interventions. Secondly, against a backdrop of post-financial crash austerity, we raise the issue of capacity at an urban level, principally concerning the financing and technical administration of urban infrastructural ‘solutions’. Thirdly, the entrenched politics of neoliberalisation, its multi-scalar articulations and in particular discourses of marketisation and competition, while distinct across the two contexts, shape the possibilities, imaginaries and support available for local-level change in complex infrastructures. The article points to differential urban capacities and governance conditions that require a greater degree of nuance in sustainability narratives, and a critical conversation around the need for multi-scalar coordination in energy transitions, in order to avert catastrophic climate breakdown.

Do we know our language learners?: Investigating students’ and teachers’ technology ownership, access, literacy, and interest in online education

This mixed methods study investigates issues related to students’ and teachers’ technology ownership, access, literacy, and preferences for engaging in online second language (L2) learning. In the study, teachers ( N = 20) and L2 learners ( N = 283) of various languages at a large US university completed a survey. Three topics were examined, including: (1) students’ and teachers’ ownership of and access to different technologies; (2) students’ self-reported literacy with 21 computer-based tasks, which were compared to teachers’ beliefs about students’ literacy; and (3) students’ and teachers’ preferences for in-person, hybrid, or online learning, which were compared to teachers’ beliefs about students’ preferences. The findings show similar technology ownership patterns among the groups, but some students struggled with gaining access to certain tools/devices. Teachers also occasionally overrated and underrated students’ literacy with various tasks. Finally, students and instructors shared a strong preference for in-person instruction, yet some teachers had misconceptions about students’ interest in hybrid courses.

Unveiling the Surge: A Comprehensive Analysis of E-Scooter-Related Injuries at an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center in Vilnius, Lithuania (2018-2021).

Background The surge in electric scooter (e-scooter) adoption in 2019 fueled by sharing platforms has raised safety concerns, leading to an increased incidence of e-scooter-related injuries. Despite regulatory efforts, there has been a notable rise in accidents, prompting a comprehensive investigation. This study conducted at the Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUH), a level 1 trauma center, is one of thefirst in the Baltic States aiming to analyze the causes, severity, and frequency of e-scooter injuries from 2018 to 2021. This research addresses a critical gap in understanding e-scooter safety in the Baltic States, providing valuable insights for informed policy and preventive measures. Methodology This retrospective study analyzed e-scooter-related injuries in Vilnius, Lithuania, from April to September during 2018-2021. Data from the RVUH emergency department were examined. Using keywords such as "scooter" and "electric," relevant cases were extracted from the RVUH electronic health system. Included were individuals, both riders and pedestrians, with clear e-scooter involvement, excluding duplicates, those under 18, and users of other types of scooters. Extracted medical records provided data on demographics, injury specifics, helmet use, alcohol consumption, and more. Trauma severity was assessed through the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Statistical analysis utilized GraphPad Prism software and Excel, adhering to ethical guidelines with RVUH Bioethics Committee approval. Results Over four years, 1,036 e-scooter-related injuries at RVUH revealed a gender-based shift, with males sustaining more injuries. The introduction of rentals in 2019 triggered a 334% surge in injuries compared to 2018. Despite an annual 208% increase from 2018 to 2021, 2021 saw a 710.93% rise. Trauma severity remained consistent, with AIS scores 1 and 2 being prevalent. Non-helmet wearers constituted 97.97%, and soft tissue damage was predominant. Ownership patterns shifted toward rentals (81.15%), reflecting the popularity of sharing platforms. Alcohol influence showed no significant change, but intoxicated patients had a higher surgery rate during four years. Mechanism analysis highlighted tripping as the primary cause. Injury characteristics revealed fractures in 34.56% of cases, primarily affecting upper limbs (53.35%). Soft tissue trauma was prominent (65.44%), with lower limbs being significantly impacted. Conclusions The surge in e-scooter injuries demands urgent preventive action. While most injuries are mild, a significant proportion is moderate to severe, even fatal. Inadequate education, lax enforcement, and uneven infrastructure contribute to the risk. Urgent measures, including road maintenance, speed reduction, and mandatory helmet use, are crucial. Clarity in government directives for designated e-scooter areas is vital. Further research is needed to understand the broader impact of informed policymaking and safer urban mobility. Expanding research to other Lithuanian regions would enhance the current study.

Use of ecosystem services and land ownership to prioritize conservation areas on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

In the face of ecological challenges, sustainable implementation of conservation strategies necessitates a delicate balance between ecosystem services, biodiversity, land ownership, and cost considerations. This study presents a conservation strategy for Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, an area renowned for its unique ecological features. We developed the strategy by evaluating 12 scenarios involving the establishment of protected areas (PAs) and the use of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). The purpose of this evaluation was not to enhance ecosystem services and biodiversity directly but rather to identify strategies that could achieve these goals in a financially feasible way, considering the various cost and land ownership factors. Our findings revealed that conservation prioritization targets are primarily located in the central and eastern regions of Jeju Island, where ecosystem services are concentrated, and levels of biodiversity are high. The expansion of conservation targets from 17% to 30% entailed increased costs, largely due to the increased inclusion of private lands and agricultural areas. The introduction of OECMs provided a means to improve ecological network and representation within conservation networks. We also found that applying penalties to improve the boundary lengths of PAs could lead to more cost-effective conservation strategies. Although expanding conservation targets to 30% led to significant shifts in land ownership patterns and increased conservation costs, the benefits to biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services were substantial. This study provided valuable insights into the determination of conservation planning through the harmonization of biodiversity prot ection, provision of ecosystem services, and consideration of economic costs related to patterns of land use and ownership. The results can aid policymakers and stakeholders in making informed decisions about resource allocation in biodiversity conservation.

Who owns the land? Socio-cultural and economic drivers of unequal agrarian land ownership in climate-vulnerable coastal Bangladesh

In agrarian society, land is a critical resource. Not only does access to arable land increase food security and household income, it also provides resources to cope with any environmental stresses. In most cases, in the low-income developing regions land distribution is very heterogeneous. Based on empirical research in coastal Bangladesh, this article explores patterns in land ownership among the local farmers, discussing how gender, ethnicity, religion, and status relate to farm size, playing a critical role in shaping the heterogeneous distribution of land ownership. Historical patterns of inequality and marginality influence land distribution patterns as the historical ‘Zamindar system’ in the region reinforced elite control. Colonial and post-colonial expansion into climate-vulnerable regions fuelled land expropriation. Cultural constructions of gender create challenges for females owning land. These legacies impact current land ownership patterns. Land distribution informs who is struggling with limited resources and who needs financial subsidies or other forms of support in times of crisis. Even though this paper has a regional focus, it provides critical insights and caution about overlooked assumptions of resource distribution, poverty, and development that can be applied to other parts of the Global South facing similar social, economic and postcolonial legacies.

Profile Characteristics of Khasi Tribal Farmers Engaging in Collection and Management of Non-Timber Forest Products in Meghalaya, India

Tribal farmers belong to indigenous communities and engage in agricultural activities, agroforestry or even non-timber forest product harvesting as their primary livelihood. These farmers are part of ethnic groups with distinct traditions, languages and social structures. Therefore, studying the profile characteristics of these farmers is essential for understanding their unique socio-economic and cultural contexts. This study was conducted on 160 tribal farmers from East Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi district of Meghalaya, primarily engaged in the collection and management of non-timber forest products. The research, utilized an ex post facto design. Findings revealed that most respondents were young or middle aged, with diverse educational backgrounds. Housing was mainly wooden or concrete with asbestos sheets. Material possession ranged from low to medium, and family sizes were typically medium to large, with nuclear families prevailing. Social and political participation varied, while income distribution skewed towards the low to medium range. Local and regional markets were preferred by over two-thirds of respondents. Livestock ownership, landholding sizes and indebtedness patterns demonstrated diversity. Engagement with mass media, cosmopoliteness, extension contact, participation and opinion leadership varied, with many falling into low to medium categories. Awareness of development schemes was significant, indicating a connection to broader societal initiatives. Tribal farmers displayed diverse levels of scientific orientation, risk and economic motivation, market orientation, and fatalistic attitudes. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers and development practitioners, facilitating tailored interventions to address the unique needs and aspirations of this farming community.

Does the pattern of ICT possession exacerbate inequality in educational opportunities between students with and without disabilities? Evidence from Egypt

PurposeThis study aims to analyze to what extent distance education is feasible and efficient with the limited technological infrastructure in Egypt. The study answers this question from the perspective of households' preparedness level regarding possessing information and communication technologies (ICTs). In addition, it assesses whether the pattern of students' ICT ownership is influenced by disability- and socioeconomic-based inequality in education and whether the pattern of ICT ownership exacerbates such biases.Design/methodology/approachA three-stage probit model with double sample selection (PMDSS) was applied to estimate the factors likely to influence ICT possession, considering the selection process for school enrollment and education continuation. The authors utilized nationally representative data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018.FindingsAbout 40% of students aged 12–25 did not have ICTs. Most socioeconomically poor households, particularly those living in Upper Egypt, were the least likely to obtain ICTs and rely on distance education. In addition, female students, particularly those with disabilities, had the lowest chance of benefitting from distance learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe persistent structural deprivation of school enrollment and educational progression has led to the positive selection of well-off children in education, which is extended to ICT possession and internet use. Without addressing these structural biases, the study suggests that distance education will likely exacerbate educational inequalities.Originality/valueThe study analyzed the extent to which Egyptian families were prepared in 2018 regarding ICT possessions for distance education for their children, particularly those with disabilities. Furthermore, it investigated whether access to distance learning was influenced by disability- and socioeconomic-based inequalities in education.

Perampasan Tanah dan Perlawanan Petani: Dampak Perkebunan Sawit terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Pasaman Barat Tahun 1980-2022

This research examines "Land Grabbing and Farmer Resistance: The Impact of Oil Palm Plantations on People’s Life in West Pasaman during 1980-2022". Forests belonging to indigenous peoples encountered land grabbing and conversion into oil palm plantations. Land grabbing is a common phenomenon in West Pasaman. The purpose of this research are to find out the pattern of land ownership in West Pasaman from 1980-2022, strategy of land grabbing, the resistance of oil palm farmers, Fourthly, and the impact of the widespread land grabbing activities on oil palm plantations in West Pasaman. This research used a multidimensional approach. For this reason, social science theories such as economics, anthropology and sociology were used to explain the subject matter. This method strategy is important to be able to analyze the research topic more comprehensively. The method used was historical method including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result of research shows that the expansion of oil palm plantations is putatively more than 70% of land in West Pasaman controlled by large companies, while the rest of 30% is for the people in West Pasaman. Large plantations did land acquisition successfully in various ways such as buying land, cooperation with traditional leaders, and land grabbing. The land grabbing results in various effects: people losing their land, displaced communities, poverty, no place to stand and farmer resistance. In conclusion, the expansion of oil palm plantations has generated various conflicts within community. The main sources of conflict are land grabbing and socio-economic inequality in the community. This then led to the farmer’s resistance against the rulers and entrepreneurs of oil palm plantations.

Overcoming Premature Smartphone Obsolescence amongst Young Adults

Rapid smartphone replacement contributes significantly to electronic waste issues. This paper investigates determinants of premature smartphone obsolescence amongst young adults and proposes psychology-based solutions to reduce associated sustainability impacts. Activity Theory maps replacement journeys to focus interventions on problem recognition. Grounded in contemporary Installation Theory, obsolescence drivers are analysed across physical affordances, embodied competencies and social regulations. Smartphone replacement journeys are mapped through Activity Theory to focus on problem recognition as an intervention point. Expert interviews and a user survey supplement literature in investigating obsolescence factors. Solutions are then structured along Installation Theory dimensions for a systemic approach targeting underlying barriers. Solutions address the three layers of behavioural determination. Smartphone modularity addresses physical issues, like repairability and upgrade. Consumer education campaigns improve competencies and perceptions, hereby fostering longer use. A “Slow Smartphone Movement” is proposed, leveraging social strategies, including pledges and online communities, to redefine cultural obsolescence narratives and address the positional aspects of having the latest generation smartphone. Together these multilayered interventions provide actionable pathways to prolonging lifespan by fundamentally reshaping psychological ownership patterns underlying premature smartphone disposal. Rather than isolated initiatives, these synergistic solutions provide specific, evidence-based pathways to fundamentally transforming entrenched obsolescence mindsets and behaviours amongst younger demographics. The paper concludes by outlining study limitations and stating that future research must empirically evaluate the proposed solutions.The current paper investigates the determinants and consequences of premature smartphone obsolescence amongst young adults and proposes psychology-based solutions to reduce its detrimental environmental and societal impact. Activity Theory was used to define the research scope, ultimately focusing on the first stage in the buyer behaviour model, reflecting a prototypical customer journey along five consecutive decision stages. Problem recognition, essentially the perceived difference between the current and desired state of being, was subsequently analysed through the three interrelated layers of Installation Theory, physical affordances, embodied competencies, and social regulations. Eventually, potential solutions, grounded in academic literature, expert interviews, and a consumer survey, were organised along the three dimensions of installation theory, creating a holistic and effective strategy for tackling smartphone obsolescence. Smartphone modularity represents a promising starting point to address the problems associated with physical affordances, such as broken parts, worn batteries, and planned obsolescence more generally.Additionally, extensive consumer education coupled with awareness campaigns highlighting the alternatives to purchasing new products and awareness campaigns highlighting the alternatives to purchasing new products could tackle issues associated with embodied competencies. Lastly, social regulations manifested partly in the universal need for belonging and social inclusion, represent the last driver of smartphone obsolescence. Virtual communities and reward schemes could further foster lasting normative change, eventually helping redefine the detrimental consumerism culture.

Urologist practice divestment from radiation vault ownership and treatment patterns for prostate cancer.

Urologist practice divestment from radiation vault ownership and treatment patterns for prostate cancer.

Relationship of Ownership Pattern & Dividend policy: A study of Indian private sector banks

Relationship of Ownership Pattern & Dividend policy: A study of Indian private sector banks

The Patterns of Ownership and the Registration of Customary Land in Manggarai Regency, Indonesia

This research analyzes ownership patterns and the process of legalizing customary land in Manggarai Regency. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach and uses secondary data. Normative socio-juridical methods are also used to view and analyze the research data that has been collected. Data was collected through observations and interviews with traditional elders and members of traditional communities. The results showed that the legalization of Ulayat land greatly affected the pattern of land ownership in Manggarai and the change of entities from indigenous land to non-indigenous land that was initially jointly controlled or communal into individual rights due to the legalization or registration of land. Legalization of Ulayat land with a public dimension can only be done by measuring, mapping, and recording it in the land register. Meanwhile, Ulayat land with private dimensions can be issued a land certificate for individuals with a release mechanism from the customary leader to be used as state land. This legalization resulted in the depreciation of Ulayat land and the fading of customary bonds in Manggarai. This research provides insight into land legalization's legal and social impacts on Manggarai, highlighting significant changes in ownership structures and the loss of customary values.

Can Electric Vehicle Carsharing Bridge the Green Divide? A Study of BlueLA’s Environmental Impacts among Underserved Communities and the Broader Population

This study aims to evaluate the potential of electric vehicle (EV) carsharing services to address social and environmental disparities in urban transportation through an evaluation of BlueLA, a one-way station-based carsharing service in Los Angeles, California. BlueLA provides a clean and affordable mobility option in underserved communities that face significant air quality burdens and have historically been excluded from environmental benefits. By incorporating BlueLA trip activity data from January 2021 to December 2022 (n = 59,112 trips) and an online user survey implemented in early December 2022 (n = 215 responses), we estimate the impacts of BlueLA on personal vehicle ownership patterns, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results show an overall net reduction in VMT and GHG emissions of 463,845 miles and 656 metric tons, respectively, among the BlueLA user population (3074 registered users). When disaggregating impacts by BlueLA member type, our findings show a net reduction of 234 and 371 metric tons in GHG emissions for Standard (general population) and Community (low-income qualified) members, respectively. Additionally, our socio-demographic analysis highlights clear disparities between these two member groups, with Community members typically having lower incomes (i.e., 74% earning below USD 50,000 annually); lower educational attainment (i.e., 46% with at most an associate’s degree); and larger households (i.e., 23% living in households of four or more) compared to Standard members (i.e., 19% earning below USD 50,000, 24% with at most an associate’s degree, and 9% in households of four or more). Moreover, when comparing the VMT and associated GHG emissions due to BlueLA, we find that the presence of BlueLA reduces VMT and GHG emissions by 34% and 48% respectively, and each BlueLA vehicle replaces 16 personally owned vehicles (shed and postponed purchases). Last, when comparing the emissions produced by the electric fleet of BlueLA to those of a comparable fleet of internal combustion engine vehicles, we find that the use of an EV fleet reduces GHG emissions by 43% in comparison. The BlueLA carsharing service has led to notable net reductions in VMT and thus GHG emissions, with a major share of these reductions observed among Community members.