Patrimonialization Processes Research Articles

Monument o monstre. La memorialització de Rodoreda com a cos absent/present

This article draws on Jacques Derrida’s notion of the spectre from Specters of Marx (1993) to examine the process of patrimonialization and simultaneous invisibiliza­tion of certain aspects of Mercè Rodoreda’s work and personal life, focusing on a selec­tion of the commemorative acts organized for the centenary of her birth in 2008. It sit­uates the spectre in relation to Memory and Feminist Studies, paying particular atten­tion to Jo Labanyi’s (2000; 2002) recasting of this concept for the analysis of Spanish cultural production and Angela McRobbie’s (2011) critique to postfeminism’s ghosting of the feminist agenda at the turn of the 21st century. My analysis explores the socio­political and cultural dimension of domestic, natural and visual environments. Firstly, it looks at the ways in which the history of the Senyal Vell, the first house in Romanyà de la Selva where the author lived on her return from exile, has been narrated, arguing that they exemplify the dynamics of selection and appropriation in processes of cultural transmission and commemoration. Secondly, my analysis follows the literary routes drawn around the village and the choice of texts related to the suggested locations, not­ing the repeated omission of her unfinished novel La mort i la primavera. Finally, I draw the study to a conclusion through discussion of the portrayal of Rodoreda in the poster for the play Un dia. Mirall trencat, adapted and directed by Ricard Salvat in 2008, where the author is represented as a witch-like master puppeteer.

The Patrimonialization of Traditional Salinas in Europe, a Successful Transformation from a Productive to a Services-Based Activity

Traditional inland salinas in Spain and Portugal are often located in rural, isolated areas with low agricultural value, and very few have survived in coastal areas under high land use change pressure. Before the advent of efficient transportation networks, about 500 small inland and ca. 250 coastal saltworks existed there. During the 20th century, these sites were gradually abandoned in favor of industrial salt from mines or larger coastal salinas. Only a few were able to transform a productive activity into a multifunctional, services-oriented landscape. This contribution discusses the recovery and patrimonialization processes of nine inland salinas in Spain and Portugal protected as monuments, plus three other successful cases in Denmark, France, and Slovenia. With an indicator-based tool, the degree of patrimonialization of each site was quantified. In recent decades, these cultural landscapes have invested in gastronomy, wellness, tourism, and innovation, transforming a cultural landscape in decline into a living landscape for the future. The different stages in their patrimonialization process have been characterized, helping identify the hinges and tipping points at which a traditional productive activity in danger can evolve into a consolidated heritage-based successful initiative. Good practices have been detected and described. Potential pitfalls and challenges in patrimonialization were also identified, serving as early warning signs. Although focused on traditional salinas, the results of this study may help manage and preserve similar cultural landscapes in Europe. Some ideas for future management and research on productive cultural landscapes are provided.

Debates and Reflections from the Cultural Heritage Perspective on the “Plan especial de salvaguardia: saberes y tradiciones asociados a la manifestación del viche/biche del Pacífico colombiano”

The text discusses the “Plan especial de salvaguardia: saberes y tradiciones asociados a la manifestación del viche/biche del Pacífico colombiano” [“Special Safeguarding Plan: Knowledge and Traditions Associated with the Manifestation of Viche/Biche of the Colombian Pacific”,] elaborated by the Colombian Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Knowledges in 2023 as an instrument for the management of viche, an artisanal beverage included in the nation’s intangible heritage lists. Each of the document’s components is analyzed, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and proposing some strategies in order to complement them. The general reflection falls within the framework of critical cultural heritage studies, aiming to contribute to the development of more reflexive cultural public policies. The article warns about the processes of patrimonialization that undermine the balance between the environment, the people, their manifestations, and cultural practices underlying the universe of traditional cuisines.

Coffeescape: analysis of international bibliographic production on coffee cultural landscapes

The diversity of coffee culture manifestations and their expressions in the landscape show the potential of interdisciplinary research guided by plural epistemological lenses. This article aims to contribute to the realization of future research on the patrimonialization of agrifood cultural landscapes, especially coffee, in the different producing countries. In this way, it aims to identify the main methodologies and epistemological lenses used in coffee production cultural landscape studies. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, Redalyc and Theses and dissertations indexed in the CAPES databases. The results pointed to the identification of 41 publications, with Colombia as the main geographical area and origin of the researchers. It was possible to characterize them in six thematic categories: 1) Planning and Territorial Ordinance; 2) Patrimonialization Processes; 3) Cultural Aspects; 4) Tourism; 5) Industrial Heritage; and 6) Biodiversity. The methodologies used focus on qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive character, with ethnographic nature. Among the main techniques, bibliographic and documentary research were combined with field immersion, observation, and semi-structured interviews. Theoretical-methodological lens analysis shows most studies with a phenomenological and complexity approach in Humanist-Cultural Geography. The research reinforced the interdisciplinary potential of studies on landscapes and coffee production, highlighting the geographic complexity of coffee territories in Brazil and the world.

History Teaching In A Museological Space

This paper aims to discuss issues concerning the teaching of History in museological spaces, based on the narrative of an experience at the Rio Grande do Sul Memorial, a place that generated the teaching-learning process of students who visited this space. We start from the narrative of the mediated educational action on the itinerant exhibition “Monuments and art: the history of the city at risk”, which exposed a series of monuments and public statues taken from the streets of Porto Alegre. By means of these pieces, the mediation sought to reflect on the silenced stories behind those sculptures, aiming to perceive other actors and groups silenced by the patrimonialization process. From a theoretical point of view, it drew on Vygotsky (2010) and Bakhtin (1992), with regard to interactive mediation; Siman (2013), with regard to teaching History through reading the city; and Ramos (2016), on the concept of generator object. Finally, it is believed that the students took possession of plural historical narratives about the city, through the narratives exposed and silenced by the urban historical heritage.

La movilización social por la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural.

Studies about the involvement of communities in patrimonialization processes tend to focus on isolated cases without considering the impact of the problem on the whole society. Therefore, this paper describes two social mobilizations cases in architectural heritage defence (Olavarría, Argentina) to expand the analysis concerning the different actors' perceptions of the issue. Methodologically, we analyze different sources, such as social networks, interviews and a questionnaire to 390 inhabitants. The results contextualize perceptions that do not correspond to a single form of action but deploy many meanings that allow us to think of cultural heritage as a public good whose sustainability is not equally valued by the community.

Salinas and “Saltscape” as a Geological Heritage with a Strong Potential for Tourism and Geoeducation

Salinas and saltscapes are relevant geoheritage sites with important implications on socioeconomic activities beyond the production of salt, particularly tourism and education. As cultural landscapes, they also have implications related to the identity of their communities. This work presents the study of the patrimonialization processes of four sites in Europe (Añana in Spain, Guérande in France, Læsø in Denmark, and Sečovlje in Slovenia). Lessons obtained from these processes may contribute to the recovery and valuation of similar saltscapes and other forms of geoheritage. The study is based on interviews with relevant stakeholders, a survey of the related grey and scientific literature, and a simplified SWOT analysis. Despite their differences in historical background and current management, all four sites share features that have contributed to the success of their patrimonialization processes, such as having a dedicated entity for this purpose or being protected in some way. They also share common threats that need to be addressed, such as the banalization of the heritage discourse. Other saltscapes and geoheritage sites in general may benefit from these common features, which should serve as an inspiration and not as a template. In the end, shifting from a little-known productive, (proto-)industrial activity toward a sustainable, multifunctional landscape in which geoeducation and tourism are paramount contributes to a more resilient and educated society.

L’Ultra D-Day Trail : entre défi sportif, commémoration et valorisation patrimoniale des plages du Débarquement de Normandie

This article focuses on a sporting event, the Ultra D-Day Trail, an atypical and innovative race, designed and organized in June 2014 for the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Normandy Landings. In the stream of festivities and events organized for this occasion, the Ultra D-Day Trail transformed the Normandy coastline, from Utah Beach to Sword Beach, into both a sporting area and a memorial space. The valorization of the sites of the 1944 D-Day landings is a significant challenge. The organization of the race plays on symbols, the staging of the athletes/actors, and explicit messages of peace and exchange between nations. The analysis uses press articles, website and social media content, and accounts from actors, organizers, runners, and spectators. By means of effective communication and media coverage, the sports event contributes to an original process of patrimonialization of the spaces and major memorial sites linked to the D-Day landing beaches.

Planning experiences in historic cities protected by UNESCO

This article arises from the need to clarify the field of heritage preservation and conservation at the beginning of the 21st century, especially in central areas and historic cities. We went through this reflection in the face of the expressive homogenization of places and mischaracterizations of the landscapes produced with artificial interventions aimed at exploratory tourism, which directly reflect on the loss of the identity of urban heritage and, more ambitiously, with the cities-commodity in large cities, through management of urbanism with new contemporary interventions. The process of patrimonialization of historic cities is seen here from two distant angles in time, space, territory, culture and history, but they reflect the same repercussions for the city: scenography and gentrification, as is the case in Brazil, in Pelourinho in the city of Salvador, in 1992, and Portuguese, in the Quarteirão das Cardosas, in Porto, in 2009. With this, we were able to further question and denounce some perversions in architecture, the result of these economic speculations, which see facade renovation works as useful, that rip apart the entire interior of the heritage, neglecting the entire authentic experience of the city and demonstrate the perversions in the community in the face of the gentrification process, where landscape is transformed giving material form to the difference between cultural and economic power. We believe that it is possible to demonstrate in time to society, which is in constant threat of globalization, that heritage needs to be urgently recovered in order to remain on the continuum of life.

‘Reconstructing babel’: Christian missions and knowledge production in the Middle East, nineteenth-twentieth century

ABSTRACT How was missionary knowledge received and interpreted by scholars and church historians in Europe and Russia? Many late nineteenth and early twentieth-century academics utilised knowledge production from Christian missions, notably by way of scholarly Orientalism. However, the history of this knowledge is also a history of representations: while missionary knowledge helped showcase the cultural and religious traditions of Eastern Christianity, what were the underlying motives and especially the consequences? This article examines the formulation and circulation of Eastern Christian knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean, especially on the basis of Catholic missionary archives and academic productions, the study of which is sometimes rooted in non-Anglophone academic traditions. The aim is to shed light on how knowledge relating to Eastern Christianity was assimilated in Europe, as well as the role missions played in this process, especially from the last third of the nineteenth century, when the institutions and instruments for the circulation of knowledge emerged. Another objective is to address the circulations and transformations of this knowledge on either side of the Mediterranean: collected and developed in major European libraries and universities, it was integrated by the governance structures of churches, but quite often also returned to the space it originated from, where it was reappropriated and gave rise to patrimonial processes, notably alongside the sometimes tragic experiences of certain communities during the end of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of new states. Christian missions, at the intersection of East and West, were at the heart of this dynamic .

REFLEXIONES EN TORNO AL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL DE ANDALUCÍA COMO EXPRESIÓN Y REIVINDICACIÓN DE NUESTRA IDENTIDAD Y LA PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA EN SU GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA

In this article, from the experience in cultural administration, issues related to the scope and symbolic and identity meanings of Andalusian cultural heritage are addressed, reviewing the legislation for citizen participation, with an analysis focused on the processes of patrimonialization of cultural assets. Likewise, given the lack of effectiveness of the current regulations, measures and channels are proposed so that the participatory procedures necessary for the suitable and effective protection of the patrimonial facts and the reinforcement of our Andalusian conscience are made effective and real.

Patrimonialization process and setting in tourism of collective memories of slavery on the island of Goree

Les mémoires douloureuses de l’esclavage ne cessent de susciter des controverses dans l’espace public et la société civile. Elles ont joué un rôle central dans la déclaration universelle des droits de l’Homme, inspirant la notion « d’attentat contre la dignité humaine » de Victor Schœlcher en 1848. Certaines ont réussi à s’imposer dans les débats publics, exprimés dans la commémoration, la monumentalité, l’enseignement scolaire et la production artistique, et d’autres ont été classées au patrimoine mondial de l’humanité, après un long combat de dénonciation, d’indignation, de protection et de valorisation de ceux qui s’y reconnaissent. C’est le cas des mémoires collectives de la traite négrière à Gorée, dont il sera question dans cet article. Ce dernier propose d’étudier le processus de patrimonialisation et de mise en tourisme des mémoires de l’esclavage dans cette « île-mémoire », symbole de l’exploitation humaine. Dès lors, il cherche à examiner les politiques mémorielles, les revendications identitaires et les pratiques touristiques qui peuvent en découler.

Paradojas y desafíos del patrimonio audiovisual televisivo. Tres casos de estudio del Archivo Histórico de RTA

El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de las paradojas y los desafíos que supone la patrimonialización de los archivos de televisión, tomando como eje la experiencia del Archivo Histórico de Radio y Televisión Argentina. En primer lugar, se estudian las singularidades del medio televisivo en tanto tecnología cultural (Williams, 2001) y discurso (González Requena, 1995), las vicisitudes históricas de su praxis archivística, las contradicciones inherentes de un proceso de patrimonialización que lo convierte en un patrimonio incómodo (Prats, 1997; Reventós Gil de Biedma, 2007) y el abanico de posibilidades que implica su refuncionalización como patrimonio zombie (Hernàndez i Martí, 2008). En segunda instancia, se hace un breve recorrido por la historia de los archivos televisivos de la Argentina, poniendo especial atención en la reciente creación del Archivo Histórico de RTA. Finalmente, se examinan tres casos de estudio de esta institución con el propósito de observar la multiplicidad de modos en los que dichas paradojas y desafíos se ponen en juego. De allí puede desprenderse que, cuando hacia finales del siglo XX una convergencia de demandas económicas, estatales y sociales comenzó a poner foco en el valor cultural de la televisión, las políticas patrimoniales se toparon con una serie de vicisitudes que, a grandes rasgos, se sintetizaron en las contradicciones que conlleva la archivística audiovisual en tanto práctica arqueológica, la incomodidad que supone la revalorización de contenidos históricamente denigrados y su refuncionalización en un contexto extrañado del original.

Centro-monumento e a patrimonialização de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil

O artigo discute o processo de patrimonialização da cidade de Sobral, no estado brasileiro do Ceará, como pautada em uma determinada forma de ver a urbanização e a educação. A política de preservação do patrimônio cultural aplicada no sítio histórico é usada como lugar de um discurso que define um modelo de tradição, ao mesmo tempo de modernidade, construídos pelo quase-grupo político ancorado nos “Ferreira Gomes”. Este discurso está presente nas políticas públicas de urbanização e educação. O artigo faz a leitura do PDDU da cidade, e de livro didático de história e geografia local produzido para o ensino fundamental municipal e tenta explicitar como a patrimonialização está presente nestes documentos, cruzando com outras fontes documentais e lembranças do pesquisador. Esta leitura mostra que a identidade e o patrimônio cultural tombado, portanto, não podem ser entendidos como representativos de todos os sobralenses, mas daqueles que defendem um determinado modelo de cidade.

Social uprising in Chile and patrimonialization processes: a resignification paradigm of memories

In recent years, both globally and locally, a profound change in the paradigm has been seen with respect to what has been traditionally accepted as a manifestation of heritage. In part, this conceptual and methodological transformation is due to the emergence of patrimonialization processes, driven by social conflicts that go against the institutionalized discourses of heritage. This results in resignifications of the stories and memories in the territory, the city and the architecture, associated with new categories of heritage that need to be addressed. This work is about this new paradigm, taking as a case the so-called ‘social uprising, which has affected Chile since October 18th, 2019. Beyond being perceived as a destructive phenomenon, which initially targets aspects of a socio-political nature, the presence of the conflict in Chilean society points to a sharp criticism of the heritage representation system. In its spatio-temporal trajectory, new socio-spatial practices arise that satisfy the memory expectations of the communities regarding a transforming reality. The article aims to contribute to the field of architecture and the built environment, insofar as it allows reflecting on the transformation of meanings and values of heritage that emerges in the daily reality of our cities. Using a descriptive methodology, based on recent media documents, some emblematic situations of the problem are addressed, manifested in the consolidated urban areas of La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Concepción, Temuco, and Punta Arenas. In them, the patrimonialization operations make visible the contrasts between the discourses of the State and those produced by social organizations, the resignification of elements of traditional heritage and the emergence of the city as a space for negotiation of memories. From all this, the renewal of the values and attributes, traditionally assigned to monuments, is inferred, whether in their objectual, architectural or urban condition, as well as the potentiality of heritage, as a channel for dialogue, coexistence, and cohesion in the ongoing debate about conflicting stories and memories.

University extension in the democratic construction of the territory: reflections on a cultural landscape of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina)

This article intends to reflect, analyzing a case study from Argentina, on the role and engagement of the public university, specifically through extension, in the democratic construction of a territorial project. The case constitutes a cultural landscape within the mountain system of Tandilia (province of Buenos Aires), whose characteristics have been investigated by public universities for more than forty years. However, the history of projects and extension activities to democratize that knowledge and favor collective patrimonialization processes is scarce. In consideration of two current situations such as, on the one hand, the threat of the landscape against private investment interests, government disinterest and lack of planning, and on the other hand, the high valuation and community interest for its conservation, this area of the public university becomes a political action that needs to be analyzed.

La patrimonialización de las salinas tradicionales: una herramienta para el desarrollo local

La patrimonialización de las salinas tradicionales en desuso puede ser una forma no sólo de recuperar su patrimonio, sino también una herramienta para el desarrollo local sostenible que va más allá de estos valores. Un estudio realizado en doce salinas europeas (nueve en España y tres en Dinamarca, Eslovenia y Francia, respectivamente) que se encuentran en diferentes etapas de patrimonialización muestra diferentes estrategias de recuperación del patrimonio; los obstáculos que se han encontrado en el camino y cómo (algunos de ellos) se han resuelto. Mediante un estudio comparativo de estas salinas, podemos identificar buenas prácticas y sacar conclusiones sobre lo que funciona o no a la hora de valorar el patrimonio natural, cultural y humano de estos espacios. En los doce casos se pueden observar diferentes grados de patrimonialización, algunos incipientes, otros en curso y otros ya consolidados; y se explican las diferencias entre ellos. Los procesos consolidados son los que muestran cómo el carácter multifuncional de los paisajes salados puede utilizarse para ofrecer una amplia gama de productos y servicios que van más allá de la producción de sal. Todos los casos, antes de su abandono, eran paisajes productivos dedicados al monocultivo de la sal, sin interés en preservar sus valores naturales y culturales más allá de lo estrictamente necesario para garantizar una mínima productividad. Las enseñanzas extraídas de los casos estudiados pueden servir de modelo para otros tipos de patrimonio productivo modesto en las zonas rurales. Asimismo, se discuten los retos de futuro en la patrimonialización de las salinas.

La patrimonialización en México: las disputas en torno al patrimonio cultural intangible

The aim of the article is to analyze the tense and conflictive process of legitimizing intangible cultural heritage (ICP) in order to enhance its value, which, in Mexico, goes through a dispute between the intention of obtaining the maximum commercial use and the best way to protect it. This leads to a political arena in which the different ways of conceiving the management of the ICP and what is expected of it struggle. Frequently, a collision between the interests that move the community to participate and the powers that be motivated by profit. Therefore, the defense of the PCI has to resolve the contradictions between the logic of cultural valuation and the economic valuation. We review how this dispute has unfolded in some communities and localities in Mexico regarding asset activation. Our report illustrates the processes of patrimonialization - the process of construction of the meaning and meaning of the cultural manifestations of the people. We also show various conjugations of the political, economic and social uses of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the effects derived from litigation.

El Destructor de huacas. La acción de Manuel B. Zavaleta en la constitución del “patrimonio arqueológico” calchaquí y el respaldo del Estado argentino, fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX

In this paper I review the commercial activity of Manuel Zavaleta with archaelogical materials from the Calchaquí valleys at the turn of the XIX-XX century, focusing on his sales of collections to the Argentine national state. Starting from the perspective that patrimonialization processes must be observed as a product of the concrete interaction between actors and agencies, this journey problematizes the trajectory of this "enemy" of scientific archeology - due to its destructive effects and the absence of excavation methods and registry-. These negative aspects, extremely important for the disciplinary practice and for the patrimonial perspective, have forgotten other factors that made their action possible, as the demand for pieces for the formation of collections in metropolitan institutions and especially the responsibility of the state political power in that process.

Boquete Nahuelpan: Territorialidades en disputa en torno a la patrimonialización del ferrocarril “La Trochita”

In recent years Boquete Nahuelpan has become a tourist attraction through the trip that offers tourists the route of the narrow gauge train, known as the Trochita, in the Northwest of the province of Chubut. However, little mention is made of the history of Boquete Nahuelpan, which is marked by a massive eviction by means of which all the families settled there since the end of the 19th century were expelled. Currently, there are a few families who could access the land again after a of partial reparation, in which less land was returned to many fewer people, and the territorial recoveries that some families made in the past years. The following work will address the relationship between tourism, heritage and territory from the question of how the of patrimonialization of the Trochita took place, placing the focus on the complex tourism process for which Boquete Nahuelpan constitutes a tourist attraction at the end of the '90s and how part of the community is reorganized today around this activity from the incipient development of rural community tourism. This way, it will be deepened how, from the patrimonialization of the old train and the incorporation of the Boquete Nahuelpan Station to the tourist circuit, negotiations and conflict with the State take place, where certain indigenous practices are legitimized and others are made invisible in a context of territorialities in dispute