Patents For Inventions Research Articles

Does Extended Producer Responsibility System Promote Green Technological Innovation in China’s Power Battery Enterprises?

In an effort to accelerate the advancement of green and low-carbon development, China introduced the extended producer responsibility (EPR) system in 2016, mandating producers to assume responsibility for waste recycling. Notably, power battery enterprises emerged as a primary focal point within the EPR system. Consequently, the interplay between this system and the green technological innovation of enterprises has a substantial impact on the sustainable development of power battery companies. To comprehensively explore this relationship, we conducted an empirical investigation utilizing a sample comprising listed power battery enterprises in China from 2010 to 2020. Employing the difference-in-difference (DID) model, this study aims to analyze the implications of the EPR system on green technological innovation within these enterprises. The results indicate that: (1) The EPR system significantly promotes green technological innovation in power battery enterprises, leading to an increase in the quantity of green invention patents and improvement in the quality of green patents. (2) The mechanism test reveals that the EPR system can stimulate green innovation in power battery enterprises by increasing government subsidies and raising executives’ environmental awareness. The future endeavors aimed at promoting green innovation in power battery enterprises should be concentrated on four key aspects: (1) Expanding and optimizing the implementation of the EPR system to encompass a broader spectrum of enterprises. (2) Developing precise subsidy mechanisms in conjunction with the EPR system to effectively offset recycling costs and provide incentives for fostering green innovation within power battery enterprises. (3) Encouraging proactive engagement of power battery enterprises in strategic self-reform to align with the EPR system requirements and formulate comprehensive green technology innovation strategies. (4) Enhancing the awareness of innovation among executives to accelerate the development and advancement of green products. By focusing on these four crucial dimensions, the promotion of green innovation in power battery enterprises can be strategically and efficiently pursued, thus contributing to the sustainable development of the sector.

Human Capital and Firm Innovation: Evidence from China’s Higher Education Expansion in the Late 1990s

ABSTRACT In this paper, we take the “university enrollment expansion” policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1999 as a quasi-natural experiment and use the difference-in-differences method to identify the effect of human capital expansion on firm innovation. Findings suggest that human capital expansion significantly improves firm innovation performance. More innovation is realized by promoting firms’ invention patent applications than their design and utility model patent applications. Further analysis highlights the varying impact of human capital expansion on the innovation performance of firms of different types, thus indicating significant heterogeneity. This study enriches the innovation literature on the drivers of firm innovation by identifying the role of human capital while providing new empirical evidence from the perspective of firm innovation to further understand the microeconomic effects of human capital.

Exploring the impact of industrial robots on firm innovation under circular economy umbrella: a human capital perspective

PurposeA new round of technological revolution is impacting various aspects of society. However, the importance of technology adoption in fostering firm innovation is underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether robot adoption affects technological innovation and how human capital plays a role in this relationship in the era of circular economy.Design/methodology/approachBased on the robot adoption data from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and panel data of China's listed manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2020, this study uses regression models to test the impact of industrial robots on firm innovation and the mediating role of human capital.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the adoption of industrial robots can significantly promote high-quality innovation. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the number of robots per 100 employees is associated with a 13.52% increase in the number of invention patent applications in the following year. The mechanism tests show that industrial robots drive firm innovation by accumulating more highly educated workers and allocating more workers to R&D jobs. The findings are more significant for firms in industries with low market concentration, in labor-intensive industries and in regions with a shortage of high-end talent.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitations, the sample of this study is limited to listed manufacturing firms, so the impact of industrial robots on promoting innovation may be underestimated. In addition, this study cannot observe the dynamic process of human capital management by firms after adopting robots.Practical implicationsThe Chinese government should continue to promote the intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry and facilitate the promotion of robots in innovation. This implication can also be applied to developing countries that hope to learn from China's experience. In addition, this study emphasizes the role of human capital in the innovation-promoting process of robots. This highlights the importance of firms to strengthen employee education and training.Social implicationsThe adoption of industrial robots has profoundly influenced the production and lifestyle of human society. This study finds that the adoption of robots contributes to firm innovation, which helps people gain a deeper understanding of the positive impacts brought about by industrial intelligence.Originality/valueBy exploring the impact of industrial robots on firm innovation, this study offers crucial evidence at the firm level to comprehend the economic implications of robot adoption based on circular economy and human perspectives. Moreover, this study reveals that human capital is an important factor in how industrial robots affect firm innovation, providing an important complement to previous studies.

Veterinary support of the herd horse breeding: problems and solutions

Developed immunobiological preparations for the prevention of infectious diseases in herd horses are presented. Infectious diseases of horses are registered in almost all countries in Asia, Europe and America. In Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia, the most common diseases are strangles of horses, rhinopneumonia, and salmonella abortion, which cause significant economic damage to herd horse breeding. Various monovaccines are developed and produced in foreign countries, most of them have no use in Russia. We have found a simultaneous disease of mares with rhinopneumonia and salmonellosis, as well as young horses with rhinopneumonia, salmonellosis and strangles. In this regard, the development of monovaccines and combined immunobiological preparations is becoming an urgent problem. Immunogenicity of infectious vaccines should be enhanced by immunomodulators, especially in the extreme conditions of herd horse breeding. At a time when antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms are a problem, alternative antibacterial agents should be developed: probiotics and bacteriophages. Eight new microbial strains have been isolated, identified, and deposited in all-Russian collections. Sahabaktisubtil probiotic has been developed, which is used to prevent and treat dysbacteriosis, mycotoxicosis, strangles, leptospirosis, decontamination of manure. New effective vaccine preparations and “Yakutskaya Koumissnaya” starter culture have been developed that can be successfully used to increase the productivity of horse breeding in other regions of the Russian Federation and abroad. Scientific and technical documentation was prepared for inactivated vaccine against rhinopneumonia, combined bivalent and trivalent vaccines. The developed immunobiological preparations are protected by 48 patents for invention and can be used in other countries.

Knowledge convergence of science and technology in patent inventions

Knowledge convergence of science and technology in patent inventions

How good is green finance for green innovation? Evidence from the Chinese high-carbon sector

In this study, we examine the impact of green finance on green innovation in the Chinese high-carbon sector. Utilizing the panel dataset of listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai A-shares from 2011 to 2019, we adopt coupled coordination and multiple regression models, along with a battery of robustness tests. Our findings show that: (1) Green finance significantly promotes green innovation in the high-carbon sector, verifying its “resource compensation” effect. (2) The stimulating effect of green finance for green innovation is stronger in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and firms with higher social responsibility (CSR) scores. (3) Green innovation brings significant positive economic effects, mainly from green invention patents (substantial innovation) rather than green utility patents (marginal innovation). In the case of the high-carbon sector, our findings can guide macro policymakers and investors regarding policy effects and micro-innovation behaviors of heterogeneous firms.

Clinical comprehensive evaluation of Xiangju Capsules in treatment of rhinosinusitis

The articles involving Xiangju Capsules were retrieved, and qualitative research and quantitative research methods were combined to evaluate the evidence of the safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine( "6+1" dimensions) of this drug. Multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model and CSC v2.0 software were used to comprehensively evaluate the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules in the treatment of rhinosinusitis and clarify the precise clinical positioning. The dimensions are graded A, B, C, or D. Multi-source safety evidence showed that the main adverse reactions were gastrointestinal reactions, rash, itching, dizziness, and headache. Based on the available studies, the risk is controllable and the safety is grade A. Meta-analysis showed that Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine could recover the Lund-Kennedy score, Lund-Mackay score, and CT score, relieve headache, nasal congestion, olfactory disturbance, and facial pain, with the effectiveness is grade B. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine compared with conventional western medicine alone in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis was 263.71 yuan, about 0.82% of the per capita disposable income. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the research results were relatively robust. Based on the assumption that the per capita disposable income in 2020 will be the threshold of patients' willingness to pay, it is more economical to use Xiangju Capsules + conventional western medicine. The drug belongs to grade A of the national medical insurance, with an average daily cost of 3.06 yuan, and the economy is grade B. This formula is modified from classic formulas and characteristic empirical formulas, be capable of improving immunity and preventing repeated attacks. It can be used for acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis. It had a wide range of applicability, especially for the patients with head and face tenderness. Service innovation was reflected in the measures to guarantee supply, capacity, scalability, and coverage of grass-roots sales channels. The industrial innovation was improved through the management of medicinal resources, pharmaceutical industry, production technology, quality control, scientific research and development, and this formula won three national invention patents. Comprehensively, the innovation of Xiangju Capsules is grade B. According to the survey of 188 medical practitioners and 196 patients in 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China, the drug was characterized by easy preparation and administration, individualized medication, simple technology and management, convenient use, storage, and transport, and controllable adverse reactions, with the suitability is grade B. Xiangju Capsules showed the cost of 45.9 and 275.4 yuan for treatment of acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, respectively, being well affordable. It was sold in 35 000 medical institutions in China. The dosage form was suitable for transportation, storage, and grass-root application. With rich, sustainable, and available medicinal resources, the accessibility of Xiangju Capsules is grade A. This drug can be used for both acute and chronic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis, clearing heat and expelling pus, and strengthening the exterior to prevent relapse. After this drug was available on the market, over 4 000 cases were studied, with rich experience in human use accumulated, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine is grade B. Overall, the clinical value of Xiangju Capsules is class B. It is suggested that Xiangju Capsules should be used in accordance with the relevant policies of basic clinical drug administration to play its role.

A Facile Review On The Protection Of An Invention In Nigeria: Issues And Challenges

The development of a nation relies on technological advancements and innovations. It is evident in the progress of countries such as the USA, China, and Russia, which are considered developed nations due to the contributions of their scientists and technicians. In contrast, Nigeria and many other African countries are categorized as developing nations primarily due to the slow pace of innovation. Despite this, the legal process of obtaining protection or a patent for inventions poses a significant challenge for scientists and technicians in Nigeria. In this regard, the study employs a hybrid research method to examine the issues and challenges related to the protection of inventions in Nigeria. A descriptive and analytical approach is used to analyze the data by distributing 253 questionnaires to respondents across various geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The findings reveal a limited number of scientists and technicians involved in technological innovation, and there are obstacles to obtaining patents or protection for inventions in Nigeria. These challenges often deter scientists and technicians from investing more effort in technological innovation. Therefore, it recommended and concluded that, for practical and improved technological innovation in Nigeria, the government should create an enabling environment and review the existing legal framework for obtaining patents over inventions.

In memory of Sergey V. Bakhmutov

On April 7, 2023, our colleague, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education, Deputy General Director for Science of the Central Research Automobile and Automotive Institute (NAMI), a member of the editorial boards of the Tractors and Agricultural Machines and Izvestiya MAMI journals Sergey V. Bakhmutov passed away.
 Sergey V. Bakhmutov was a prominent specialist in the following scientific fields: vehicle dynamics, active safety, optimization of design parameters, highly automated transport and technological facilities.
 He was the author and co-author of about 170 scientific papers, including 20 books, 22 certificates of authorship and patents for inventions and utility models.

Does patent infringement litigation affect stock price crash risk? Evidence from China

AbstractPrevious studies have examined the determinants of stock price crash risk. However, extant literature overlooks the relationship between patent infringement litigation and stock price crash risk. Based on a dataset of Chinese firm‐year observations for the period 2007–2021, we fill the gap by examining how patent infringement litigation affects stock price crash risk and the underlying channels through which this effect occurs. We provide robust evidence that corporate patent infringement litigation increases its risk of one‐year‐ahead stock crash. This unfavourable effect is more pronounced in firms that were involved with invention patent infringement lawsuits, lost a patent litigation case, suffered from larger litigation costs and are defendant firms. The channel analysis confirms that increased information risks and exacerbated financial constraints are two plausible channels explaining how patent infringement litigation leads to stock price crash risk. Finally, we find that effective corporate governance and risk‐taking level are conducive to mitigate the unfavourable effect of patent infringement litigation on stock crash risk. This study enriches the literature on stock price crash risk from the perspective of patent infringement litigation.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Inclusive Green Financial Policies in Supporting Regional Green Technology Innovation ——Empirical Evidence based on Green Patent Data of Lishui City

Based on the CNRDS innovation patent research data and the data released by the provincial official statistics bureaus, the DID double difference method is used to empirically test the impact of green inclusive financial policies on green technology innovation in Lishui City, and from the perspective of economic transformation and upgrading, the internal mechanism of inclusive green financial policies to promote regional green technology innovation is explored to prove the generalization of green inclusive financial policies. Finally, relevant suggestions are put forward to standardize and improve inclusive green financial policies and make them play an effective role. The empirical results show that the implementation of green inclusive financial policies has a significant role in promoting regional green technology innovation, and inclusive green financial policies have a significant role in promoting green invention patents, but the role in promoting green utility model patents is not significant. Therefore, in-depth implementation of inclusive green financial policies to promote regional economic transformation and upgrading, which will help promote regional green technology innovation.

Study on the Technological Inductive Effects of Product Information Label: Evidence From the Energy-Efficiency Labeling System in China

Under the dual goals of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutralization, it is of great practical significance to explore the impact of product information labeling on technological innovation. As an essential element in improving energy performance in consumer products, energy-efficiency labels (EEL) have played a vital role in the government’s portfolio of energy-efficiency improvement, technological progress, and carbon emission mitigation. We estimate the extent of the inductive effects of varying patent types on the relationship between the EEL system and technological innovation in a panel differences-in-differences framework based on the panel data of energy-saving patents and electricity-saving patents from 1998 to 2013 in China. Results indicate that the EEL system helps firms improve the ratio of energy-saving and electricity-saving patents to water-saving patents, and the rate of energy-saving and electricity-saving patents to all patents in the region. In another word, the EEL has a significant directed technological inducing effect. As for the role of the heterogeneity of patent types, the positive effects of the EEL system on invention patents are significantly suppressed in patent-for-utility models. Thus, it is suggested to improve the existing EEL system, gradually expand the product coverage of the EEL system, and increase the protection scope of utility model patents for achieving technological progress and sustainable development of society.

The Sustainability of Regional Innovation in China: Insights from Regional Innovation Values and Their Spatial Distribution

As the continuous improvement of the quality of innovation becomes increasingly significant for balanced regional development in China, it is critical to provide insights into the sustainability of regional innovation in China from the viewpoint of value. This study estimates regional innovation values based on an improved regional innovation value model incorporating patent values and a regional innovation indicator system. Data for invention patents as well as regional innovation indicators in 282 cities from 1987 to 2019 in China are utilized for estimation. Based on the estimated parameters and Monte Carlo simulation, city-level innovation values are calculated as benchmarks, along with provincial and regional innovation values, to analyze the patterns of the spatial distribution and agglomeration of regional innovation value. The findings are as follows. (1) The regional innovation value model provides an effective way to measure regional innovation in terms of value. (2) The regional innovation values are unevenly distributed; cities with higher innovation values are clustered in Eastern China, while most other cities have much lower innovation values. (3) The innovation values in Eastern China are notably higher, and the differences in innovation values between Eastern China and other regions are large and show a trend of first widening and then narrowing during the sample period. (4) The sustainability of regional innovation is not widely achieved, since highly concentrated innovation value is found in only a few regions in the eastern coastal areas. These findings suggest that promoting China’s innovation capacity and the sustainable development of technological innovation requires continually implementing innovation-driven development strategies, cultivating high-value innovation, optimizing industrial transfer, improving the layout of the national research infrastructure, giving full play to spatial spillover effects, and promoting interregional innovation information exchange in order to achieve the balanced and sustainable development of regional innovation.

Green Finance, Technological Innovation, and Energy Efficiency Improvements: Evidence from China’s Green Finance Reform Pilot Zone

ABSTRACT Improving energy efficiency is an important pathway for the development of green and low-carbon economy. Based on the evidence from China’s green finance reform pilot zone, we apply the data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2005 to 2020 to analyze the action mechanism among green finance, technological innovation and energy efficiency. We find that green finance effectively promotes energy efficiency. Moreover, the analysis of action mechanism reveals that while green finance can drive green technology innovation, only high-quality green technology innovation (green invention patents) can significantly increase energy efficiency. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that green finance has a more significant effect on increasing energy efficiency in regions with large-scale economic development and weak environmental regulation. Furthermore, digital technology can amplify the driving effect of green finance on energy efficiency, and the higher the level of digital technology development, the greater the driving effect of green finance. The findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications for building a market-based green financial system and promoting green and efficient development in regions.

Digital economy, financing constraints, and corporate innovation

We build a multi-sector Schumpeterian endogenous growth model that incorporates data as a factor of production, and explore the changes in corporate financing constraints brought about by the digital economy and its impact on corporate innovation. Next, we use data on 3328 A-share listed firms in China for the period from 2011 to 2021 to empirically test our model. The results show that the impact of the digital economy on corporate innovation is positive and significant. After multiple rounds of robustness tests and resolution of endogeneity problems, our conclusion holds. In addition, we find that financial constraints act as a transmission mechanism through which the digital economy promotes corporate innovation. After categorizing patents into invention and non-invention patents, we find that the role of the digital economy is more (less) obvious in promoting radical (incremental) innovation. In addition, the role of the digital economy in promoting innovation is stronger for large enterprises than for small and micro enterprises. In summary, from the perspective of financing constraints, this paper studies the impact of the digital economy on corporate innovation using the endogenous growth model and providing empirical evidence. The results are of great significance to attempt to improve independent innovation capability and achieve high-quality economic development.

Unleashing the impact of ecological civilization pilot policies on green technology innovation: Evidence from a novel SC-DID model

Green technology innovation (GTI) is the main force behind green development and is crucial to developing countries' economic growth. Strengthening green technology innovation has become an inevitable choice for the development of global society. However, formal environmental regulations often require high implementation costs. Therefore, informal environmental regulations, such as ecological civilization pilots (ECP), have received widespread attention. Previous research methods have difficulty accurately identifying the impact of ecological civilization pilots on green technology innovation, while the new synthetic control difference-in-differences model (SC-DID) method can effectively fill this methodological gap. Based on the SC-DID and using green patent data, we empirically tested the impact of the ECP on GTI in the pilot provinces. We found that ECP significantly promotes GTI in the pilot provinces, and the findings were still robust after the placebo test. ECP promotes both ‘strategic’ and ‘substantive’ innovation in green technology. In particular, the number of green utility model patents (GUP) in the pilot provinces increased by 38.1% on average following the implementation of the ECP, whereas the number of green invention patents (GIP) only increased by 23.1%. Further, we also made a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the policy cost and the benefits brought by GTI. Six years after implementing ECP, the net benefit was about 16.78 billion yuan. This paper uses a relatively novel and robust research method, SC-DID, to enrich the research on the policy effects of ECP. The research findings from our study conducted in China can provide a reference for developing countries, supporting their green and economic development.

Research on a Ship Deflection Anti-Collision Method Based on a Water-Jet Interference Flow Field

Currently, water jets are mainly used in the fields of mechanical processing and mining collection. This paper creatively introduces them to the field of safety assurance for inland navigation. Compared with the traditional bridge anti-striking methods such as intelligent early warning and passive anti-striking, this method can form an “interference zone” by changing the water flow conditions in the local bridge water areas, causing the yawing moment of the yaw ship to change, thereby causing the ship’s course to change, and thus guiding the ship to move away from the bridge pier to realize active anti-striking of the ship. In this paper, a combination of generalized model testing and numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different nozzle pressures and different ship pier distances of the water-jet generator on the trajectory and drift angle of the stalled ship. The results showed that the numerical simulation was in good agreement with the model test results. Within the interference zone, the distance between the ship and the pier increased rapidly after the action of the disturbance zone to 9.1, 5.8, and 6.2 times the ship’s width, respectively, reaching a safe distance. During the process of being affected by the interference zone, the maximum drift angle of the yaw ship was less than 20°, the course of the ship was generally stable, and the drift angle comparison error was a maximum of 10.6%, a minimum of 3.5%, and an average error of 6.7%. A negative peak and a positive peak of four times the absolute value of the negative peak occurred in the yaw-moment ephemeral curve during the ship’s passage through the interference area. The method had a notable effect on the anti-striking of stalled ships and two invention patents applied for in the course of research.

Artificial Intelligence and its Patentability: A Comparative Study Between India,UK, and USA

This dissertation examines the patentability of artificial intelligence (AI) based inventions in India, UK, and USA. The study provides an overview of the history and development of AI, the patent law framework in each jurisdiction, and the patentability requirements for AI-based inventions. The dissertation conducts a comparative analysis of the patentability standards for AI-based inventions in each jurisdiction, highlighting the similarities and differences in the approach taken by each country. The study finds that while the three countries have similar patentability requirements for AI-based inventions, there are notable differences in their interpretation and application. For example, India's patent law explicitly excludes software and algorithms from patentability, while the UK and USA have a more permissive approach, allowing patents for software that demonstrate a technical effect. Furthermore, the dissertation highlights the challenges of patenting AI-based inventions, such as the difficulty of determining inventorship and the lack of clear guidelines for assessing the novelty and non-obviousness of AI-generated inventions. The study also provides case studies of patent applications and grants for AI-based inventions in each jurisdiction, highlighting the challenges and opportunities presented by these inventions. The case studies illustrate the potential impact of AI on innovation and patenting, as well as the potential implications for access to technology and competition in the market. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way we live, work, and interact with each other. AI is increasingly being used to generate new and innovative solutions to complex problems, and its potential impact on innovation and intellectual property is profound. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial to understand the legal and ethical implications of AI and patenting. This dissertation provides a comprehensive review of the history and development of AI, tracing its evolution from the early days of expert systems to the cutting-edge machine learning algorithms used today. It examines the role of AI in the invention process and its potential impact on the patentability of inventions. The dissertation also provides a detailed analysis of the patent law framework in India, UK, and USA, exploring the patentability requirements and challenges associated with AI-based inventions. The study highlights the importance of patenting AI-based inventions to promote innovation and ensure that the benefits of AI are shared widely. However, the study also notes the challenges associated with patenting AI-based inventions, such as the difficulty of determining inventorship and the lack of clear guidelines for assessing the novelty and non-obviousness of AI-generated inventions. The study concludes that there is a need for further research to explore the role of AI in the invention process and its impact on patentability. There is also a need for clearer guidelines and standards for assessing the patentability of AI-based inventions. This could involve exploring the application of existing patentability requirements to AI- based inventions, as well as considering the development of new standards and criteria better suited to AI technology's unique characteristics. Overall, the study provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of the patentability of AI-based inventions in India, the UK, and the USA. The study highlights the importance of developing effective and equitable innovation and intellectual property protection systems in the context of rapidly evolving AI technology. The study also concludes that there is a need for clearer guidelines and standards for assessing the patentability of AI-based inventions and for further research to explore the role of AI in the invention process and its impact on patentability. The study highlights the importance of developing effective and equitable innovation and intellectual property protection systems in the context of rapidly evolving AI technology.

Recognizing the rights to an invention (utility model) as invalid: certain procedural features

The article is dedicated to the legal analysis of the invalidation of the rights to an invention, a utility model. The article analyzes the procedure for filing a claim to invalidate the rights to an invention, a utility model, and other procedural features of judicial protection. It was established that the institute of invalidating invention patent (utility model) was replaced by the institute of invalidating invention rights (utility model).
 It has been proven that the formulation of a correct material and legal claim addressed to the court is key in determining the prospect of protection of the violated, unrecognized or contested right, and such a claim should reflect the method of protection chosen by the plaintiff.
 It is substantiated that the claimant's formulation of the appropriate method of protection must correspond to the content of the right that has been violated.
 It has been proven that the application of the construction of invalidation of invention rights (utility model), rather than invalidation of a patent, is more successful in the aspect of formulating a substantive legal claim addressed to the court, because it is correlated with the fact that the actual occurrence of such rights is the basis for issuance and validity of the patent, and it is the invalidity of such rights that determines the invalidity of the patent, and not the other way around.
 It has been established that the legal regulation of recognition of invention rights (utility model) as invalid needs to be improved. It is justified that the issue of the further fate of the patent, which certified the rights to an invention (utility model), which was declared invalid by the court, needs to be resolved.
 It has been established that invalidating the rights to an invention (useful model) has as a consequence the invalidity (invalidity) of the patent that certifies such rights, at the same time, such a provision needs to be established at the level of law in order to eliminate the existing gap in the regulation of these social relations.
 It has been proven that solving the issue of making changes to the Register and the Special Information System of NOIVI on the basis of a court decision that has entered into force is a powerful means of countering the abuse of rights by persons who own a patent certifying intellectual property rights that have been declared invalid in a court of law.
 It was established that in order to prevent the abuse of rights by the patent owner, the plaintiff at the stage of filing a claim can initiate the application by the court of measures to ensure the claim in the form of a ban on the transfer of rights to an invention (utility model) to any person, and a ban on the NOIP to make a decision on making any changes to the State of the patent register of Ukraine regarding such invention (utility model).
 The necessity of supplementing the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models" with regulations stating that "recognition of rights to an invention (utility model) as invalid completely results in the invalidity of the patent that certifies such rights is substantiated. Recognizing the rights to an invention (utility model) as invalid partially results in the invalidity of the patent in the part that concerns the clauses of the formula, the rights to which were declared invalid. Such a patent remains valid only within the new scope of legal protection. The court's decision to invalidate the rights to an invention (utility model) in whole or in part, which has entered into force, is the basis for making appropriate changes to the Register."

Gender diversity and patent quality: Evidence from Chinese patent data

AbstractBased on the patent data from China National Intellectual Property Administration, we attempt to examine the effect of gender diversity in inventor teams on patent quality. We argue that gender diversity in inventor teams can promote patent quality, especially the invention patents that are high quality and radically innovative. Moreover, we find that the positive effect will be enhanced in places where women are well educated and improved by reducing gender discrimination. We propose that the effect will be more significant when market competition or market uncertainty is high as well as when the enterprises are private and growing. Ultimately, our study advocates that governments and enterprises should pay more attention to female labor forces, especially in the area of science and innovation, which is beneficial to improve innovation in China and eliminate gender inequality in the labor market.