Simple Past Research Articles

Interactive Teaching Media Design for Past Tense Lesson Material Using VB.NET

The development of information technology has influenced the use of various types of media, as a tool in the learning process. So teachers are expected to be able to use these tools or equipment effectively classroom learning. In this article, we design teaching media or applications for English subjects. This teaching media is designed using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2022/VB.Net programming language with Past Tense subject matter. The aim of this teaching media design is to increase students' understanding through a visual and interactive approach. This application provides a menu including simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, past perfect continuous tense, and is equipped with quiz questions. With this, it is hoped that students will be more involved in the learning process so that they can master the use of past tense effectively and have fun.

Research Article Abstracts in Management Sciences Written by Thai EFL Scholars: An Analysis of Rhetorical Moves, Verb Tenses and Voices

Research article (RA) abstracts play a critical role in disseminating research findings, particularly challenging for non-native English speakers. While prior studies have explored the move analysis of RA abstracts across various subjects, the management sciences—a globally prominent field—have received less attention. This study addresses this gap by examining the rhetorical move patterns, verb tense usage, and voice constructions in 200 RA abstracts from Thai tier 1 management journals written by Thai scholars. The results showed that: 1) the Purpose-Method-Product structure was the most commonly employed move pattern; 2) present simple tense was mostly found in the Introduction, Purpose, and Conclusion sections, while past simple tense was preferred in the Method and Result sections; and 3) active voice was frequently used in the Introduction, Purpose, Product, and Conclusion sections, with a mix of active and passive voice mainly appearing in the Method section. The findings of the present study offer valuable insights for academic writing course developers, material designers, lecturers, and novice researchers, enhancing their understanding of RA abstract writing and supporting their integration into scientific communities.

Bridging Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning through English Presentation Course

This study investigated students' perceptions of synchronous and asynchronous learning in the context of English presentation skills. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and data were collected from ten students enrolled in an English presentation course using convenience sampling. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to gather information from the participants' perspectives, ensuring they understood the study and their role in it. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the collected data, ensuring reliability and logical sorting of themes. To enhance internal validity, the interview guide was reviewed by experienced researchers, and both interviewers practiced the procedure to ensure consistency. Additionally, the resulting themes from the analysis were discussed with a different group of researchers to minimize potential biases. The study revealed that regular practice in forming simple past tense sentences and memorizing common irregular verbs are recommended and crucial for improving language skills. Contextual considerations are essential for choosing the correct tense. Synchronous learning encourages quick thinking, while asynchronous activities allow students to learn at their own pace and reinforce vocabulary. Consistent practice is crucial, and supplementing synchronous learning with asynchronous activities can enhance language skills. Asynchronous learning offers a valuable platform for pronunciation practice and enables students to progress at their own pace. These findings have practical implications for language educators, providing guidance on how to structure their teaching methods to best support their students' language learning.

Shortcomings and challenges in the intersection of L2 pedagogy and applied cognitive linguistics

Abstract This paper aims to explore the shortcomings and challenges of Applied Cognitive Linguistics (ACL) in L2 classrooms and research. It examines the main issues and presents a case study with three quasi-experimental classroom studies. These experiments taught the Spanish past simple tenses using approaches informed by Cognitive Linguistics and Communicative Language Teaching, plus a control group, through a pretest/posttest design. Results favored cognitive-pedagogical instruction, but only in one production task (Alonso-Aparicio & Llopis-García, 2019). Subsequent studies replicated and extended the first, with further changes in instruction and assessment design, but found no significant differences between experimental groups in the posttest. The discussion highlights the steps taken to ensure study success, pointing out shortcomings in traditional assessment tests that favor notional-functional instruction. We suggest alternative testing tasks that consider cognitive-based approaches and new avenues for future research, aligning with Martín-Gascón et al. (2023).

Linguistic discourse analysis of lexico-grammatical features of moves in the research abstracts of medical students in a Ghanaian university

Writing a quality research abstract is crucial for a scholarly report. An abstract should be information and lexically dense, formal, and have a professional tone. This requires precision, objectivity, logicality, technicality, and comprehensiveness. However, writing a good-quality research abstract is a hurdle for novice and inexperienced undergraduate students who study English as a Second Language (ESL), that is English language learners worldwide. This article interrogates the research abstracts written by undergraduate medical students who also studied English Language at the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) in Ho, Ghana. A qualitative-quantitative approach, guided by Hyland’s (2000, 2004) five-move model, was used to analyze the lexico-grammatical features in the rhetorical moves of the research abstracts written by these students. A corpus of 23 extracts representing a quota of sample tenses, hedges, boosters, and nominalization were analyzed. The data were coded manually and presented as frequency counts and percentages in tables and graphically. The results revealed that rhetorical moves in the research abstracts written by undergraduate medical students of UHAS in Ho, Ghana were replete with simple past, simple present, and perfect tenses, and lexico-grammatical devices such as hedges, boosters, and nominalization to a greater or lesser extent. The study concludes that the research abstracts written by undergraduate medical students of UHAS follow Hyland’s (2002, 2004) five rhetorical move model, and are constituted by specific lexico-grammatical features. The pedagogical implications are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Can One Fight Geopolitical Tides with Imperfect Weapons? Reckoning with the Recent Past in Ana Blandiana’s More-than-the Simple Past.

Can One Fight Geopolitical Tides with Imperfect Weapons? Reckoning with the Recent Past in Ana Blandiana’s More-than-the Simple Past.

An Error Analysis on the Use Of Simple Past Tense in Writing Narrative Text of 11th Grade High School Students at SMK Swasta YPK Medan Academic Year 2022/2023

Simple past tense is an action or activity carried out by a subject in the past. Past tense refers to actions in the past and tells us all about their relationship with the present. The purpose of this research is to know types and causes of error on simple past tense. To know dominant error on the use of simple past tense in writing narrative text. To find out difficulties faced by students in comprehending simple past tense and narrative text. The researcher adopts a descriptive qualitative method. Carried out by gathering data from the natural environment without altering the situation. Data of this research is error made by students in written test of past tense. Data source is a writing test with the theme “My Holiday”. It consists of 55 words or more. Tests are distributed to 16 students of SMK SW YPK MEDAN. The researcher found 116 errors from writing test that the researcher carried out, it was found that the highest frequency of error that students made was mis formation about 78.45% errors, omission was 12.93% errors, selection was 5.17% errors, addition was 2.59% the last was mis ordering with 0.86%. the researcher also found that the highest error was caused by intralingual and the second highest was caused by interference.

The Application of Comic-Based Learning Media in Elementary School English Subject

This study aims to analyze the effect of comic-based learning media on learning motivation and English comprehension of grade 4 students at SDS Permata Bangsa. The background of this study is the students' low interest in learning English caused by lack of motivation and less interactive learning media. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires and observation. The research subjects consisted of 12 grade 4 students with the duration of two learning sessions of 30 minutes each. The questionnaire was distributed at the end of session 2. The questionnaire consists of 9 likert scale statements followed by open-ended questions to provide reasons for each statement. The results showed that the use of comic media significantly improved students' motivation and English language skills. Students felt more motivated and enthusiastic in learning, and felt easier to understand the lessons. The comic incorporated two grammar: Simple Past Tense and Comparative along with vocabulary that focuses on names of animals. This study concludes that comic media can be an effective and interesting learning tool to increase students' motivation and understanding in learning English. Further research on the use of comics in inclusive classrooms are also indicated.

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN CHANGING ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE: A CASE OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 GUBUG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

This study aims to determine the types of error that are made by the students in changing active voice to passive in simple present tense and simple past tense, and the factors that cause the students make errors in changing active voice to passive voice in simple present tense and simple past tense. The method used in this study was qualitative method. The subject of this study was XI-1 class of SMA Negeri 1 Gubug. The researchers took 30 students as the sample. The data was collected through observation, test and questionnaire. The result of the error analysis showed that the students made errors into four types, those were omission (103 errors or 13.8%), addition (65 errors or 8.7%), misformation (510 errors or 68.4%) and misordering (68 errors or 9.1%). According to the Brown’s theory and the finding of this study, the researchers found that the factors causing the students made errors were classified as intralingual transfer, interlingual transfer, context of learning and communication strategies

Students’ Grammatical Mistakes on the Use of Language Features in Composing Narrative Text

A narrative text with several grammatical and linguistic aspects is one of the texts learned in senior high school. In fact, according to the researcher's prior observation, students faced numerous challenges when attempting to write it, especially grammatical mistakes in using language features. This study aims to detect grammatical errors in the utilization of language elements in narrative texts produced by students, as well as to determine the underlying reasons contributing to these errors. The recent research employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Eight of the eleventh-grade students studying Online Business and Marketing major in SMK Negeri 1 Kota Sorong have been selected as the participants in this research. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation which restricted social interactions, only those students than could be reached out to gather data. The data was derived from a writing exam and a semi-structured interview. Upon analyzing the student's writing, it was discovered that they made errors in utilizing the simple past tense and action verbs. Simultaneously, the interview data indicated that the causes contributing to grammatical errors in using language features in this study were limitations, lack of attention, and carelessness. This research finding implied that the teacher must identify the most effective technique to engage the student's attention and enable them to concentrate on acquiring language skills for future use in creating narrative texts.

Measuring English Abilities of Junior High School Students

Students’ problems in learning English often stem from a lack of exposure to the language, insufficient practice opportunities, and challenges with grammar and vocabulary, which collectively hinder their overall proficiency and confidence. The purpose of this study is to measure students’ ability in mastering English. The method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative approach, conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Kuala Batee. The total number of participants was 27 students, and the data were collected using a test with 50 questions. The results of the study indicated that the students’ ability in mastering English was classified into high, moderate, and low categories. High abilities were evident in mastering main idea identification, understanding text purposes, and recognizing text types. Moderate abilities were observed in conversational skills, identifying supporting details in reading, pronoun reference, passive voice, and word meanings. Low abilities were noted in expressing congratulations and hope, understanding text structure and genres, conversations, simple past tense, comprehension of advertisements, word meanings, and using "to be" and pronouns. These findings suggest that while students have a good grasp of certain aspects of English, significant gaps remain, particularly in grammatical rules and expressive language. The students should learn more about English grammatical rules because this area was categorized into low ability, indicating a need for targeted instructional strategies to address these deficiencies and improve overall language proficiency.

Selective Impairment of Verb Tense in MazandaraniSpeaking Agrammatic Patients

Introduction: Among many grammatical problems affecting agrammatic patients, those of inflectional morphology, specifically tense, stand at the forefront. This study aimed to analyze tense properties in Mazandarani-speaking Broca patients to see which aspects of this inflectional system were more negatively affected. Materials and Methods: Utilizing inclusion/exclusion criteria, we chose 10 patients (mean age 47 years) in this descriptive-analytical research. To select our participants, some criteria including the results of the Persian aphasia test, monolingualism, and magnetic resonance imaging reports were considered which corroborated the involvement of the anterior frontal lobe, inferior anterior parietal lobe, Perisylvian, and Broca’s areas as well as inferior frontal gyrus. To monitor our patients’ performance in three separate tenses of present (progressive), future, and past (simple past, past perfect, and past continuous), we administered written sentence completion and sentence-to-picture matching tests. To investigate whether our patients’ performance in diverse verb tenses was significantly different, we utilized Wilcoxon statistics to analyze our data. Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference between the performance of the patients in past progressive tense compared to other tenses (P=0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the mean responses to past tenses and present-future tenses. Conclusion: Mazandarani-speaking agrammatic demonstrated selective poor performance in the past tense inflection. Regarding the crucial role of tense properties in verbal communication, specifically past tense, to talk about past events and memories, more attention is needed by clinicians and speech therapists to reinforce tense properties enhancing agrammatic communication capabilities.

A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE ERRORS IN MALAYSIAN LEARNERS’ ENGLISH WRITING

In mastering the English language, learners need to be able to comply with its grammatical rules. Most previous corpus-based studies about learners’ grammar errors have examined the non-Malaysian context. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate simple past tense errors in Malaysian English as a Second Language (ESL) secondary school learners’ writing. Employing a corpus-based error analysis approach, it specifically intends to identify the types of simple past tense errors in Malaysian ESL secondary school learners’ writing and the frequency of simple past tense errors in Malaysian ESL secondary school learners’ writing. To this end, the English of Malaysian School Students (EMAS) corpus, in particular the sub-corpus of Malaysian learners’ narrative essays was analysed based on two main frameworks. The Error Analysis Framework was adapted for the error analysis procedure, while the Surface Strategy Taxonomy Framework was used for the classification of types of errors. Online corpus tools such as Part-Of-Speech (POS) the Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-Tagging System (CLAWS) and Antconc version 3.5.8 were employed as the instruments of the study. The findings of the study showed that there are three types of simple past tense errors in the learners’ writing, namely Error of Omission, Error of Addition and Error of Misformation. Misformation is the most popular type of simple past tense error committed by the learners. The findings of the study would be useful for the Malaysian context of ESL learners’ curriculum design and pedagogy.

An Error Analysis in Using Passive Voice at Twelfth Grade Students of SMAN 5 Bukittinggi

This research aims to explain the analysis of errors in using passive sentences in class XII students of SMAN 5 Bukittinggi. To explain these errors, the researcher used Bluman's formula to see the percentage of errors made by students, and also the researcher categorized them based on the types of errors made by students. The location of this research was class XII IPS 3 SMAN 5 Bukittinggi with a sample of 33 students. Based on the text, the total percentage of errors for each tense from highest to lowest with a total average, namely from Past Progressive Tense with an average of 38 errors from 3 questions or 23.9% errors. Next, Simple Future Tense with an average of 28 errors out of 3 questions or 17.6% errors. Next, Simple Past Tense with an average of 19 errors out of 4 questions or 15.9% errors. Next, Present Perfect Tense with an average of 24.7 errors out of 3 questions or 15.5% errors. Next, Present Progressive Tense with an average of 17 errors out of 4 questions or 14.3% errors. The lowest is Simple Present Tense with an average of 20.3 errors out of 3 questions or 12.8% errors.

ENHANCING GRAMMAR TEACHING IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL THROUGH THE USE OF GRAMMAR WHEEL

Attaining proficiency in grammar is crucial for students as it serves as the foundation for language use. However, many individuals shy away from learning it, perceiving it as a daunting and challenging task. This research is aimed at enhancing grammar teaching by applying Grammar Wheel. It focuses on the active and passive voice mastery of three forms of tenses including simple past tense, past continuous tense, and past perfect tense. Conducted in one of the public Senior High Schools in Indonesia, this study was participated by 35 students and an English teacher. Having troubles in comprehending grammar, the teacher needed media and activities to deliver the grammar materials interestingly. Two cycles of Classroom Action Research (CAR) were implemented. The data were collected using observation sheets, field notes, video recordings, interview guidelines, and exercise sheets. The analysis was carried out qualitatively following the steps proposed by Cresswell (2012). The results revealed that language teaching had been successfully improved and students were more motivated to engage in the learning process being in a comfortable and supportive learning environment. Furthermore, learners’ knowledge in mastering the three types of tenses increased significantly as evidenced by their writing. Hence, the Grammar Wheel has proven to be an effective tool for teaching grammar in the classroom.

THE EFFECT OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR TEST APPLICATION ON STUDENTS’ GRAMMAR MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

<p>The objective of this study is to find out whether there is a significant effect of English Grammar Test (EGT) application on students’ grammar mastery of simple past tense at the eighth grade of Junior High School. Quantitative research method with quasi-experimental design was used in this research. It was conducted at the eighth grade of MTs. Islamiyah Perkebunan Tanjung Kasau. The population consisted of 60 students from two classes. Using saturation sampling method, the two classes namely VIII-A and VIII-B were selected as the sample of this study with each class consisted of 30 students. Furthermore, VIII-A class was selected as control class and VIII-B class as experimental. In collecting the data, multiple choice and “fill in the blank” test forms were used in this study. The tests were then distributed in two ways; 1. Pre-test was distributed before the treatment: 2. Post- test was distributed after the treatment. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by using statistical formulation and Microsoft Excel 2013 with 0,05 significance level. After the data was analyzed, it can be found that the value of tobserved was higher than ttable. It can be seen from tobserved (3,839) > ttable (2,001) at the degree of freedom (df) = 58. It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that English Grammar Test application gives significant effect on students’ grammar mastery of simple past tense at the eighth grade of MTs. Islamiyah Perkebunan Tanjung Kasau.</p>

A Study of Some Morphological Problems of Chadian Learners of English

The study of new Englishes has been the focus of many researchers who evaluate the spoken and written quality of non-native English in different parts of the globe. This study investigates morphological errors made by Chadian learners of English in their written and oral production. 250 essays by Première and Terminale learners of Lycée Pascal Yoadimnadji and 300 ones by students of the University of Doba were scrutinised. This was completed with oral presentations and free conversations on topics of general interest by 30 secondary school learners and 50 university students. The paper particularly looked at their production of plural forms, third person singular markers, omission/addition, and the production of the -ed morpheme of the simple past tense and past participle. The results show that irrespective of their levels of education, Chadian learners of English generally omit or mispronounce the inflection morphemes in their various forms. The findings also reveal that some of the errors found are general features of non-native English, while others are specific to Chadian setting where English varieties from Cameroon (CamFE), Nigeria (NigE & Pidgin English), and from Sudan lead to a real mixture in classrooms.

Improving Simple Past Tense Mastery Used in Recount Text Through the Use of English Songs at the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 2 Sigi

The objective of this research is to prove that the use of English songs can improve simple past tense mastery used in recount text. The researcher used quasi experimental research design. The population of this research is the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Sigi, and the samples were the students of XI IPS 2 and XI IPS 4 with the total number of students is 53. The researcher applied purposive random sampling technique. The data were collected through the complement test that consisted of pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed statistically in order to find out the significant difference of the students’ achievement before and after treatments. The mean score of the pretest of experimental group is 33.78, while the control group is 32.04. The mean score of the posttest of experimental group 74.74, and the control group is 42.27. After analyzing the data t-counted (15.98) is greater than t-table (1.676) by applying 0.05 level of significance and 51 degree of freedom (df). Based on the result of research, it means that the hypothesis is accepted. In conclusion, using English songs can improve students’ simple past tense mastery used in recount text of the eleventh grade at SMA Negeri 2 Sigi

Fostes tu?: Analogical Change in European Portuguese and the Case of the Second Person Singular in the Simple Past (Indicative)

This paper sets out to study the second person–number marking in the (indicative) simple past in the history of European Portuguese, with a particular focus on morphological innovations such as fostes tu, which are considered deviant. These innovations, according to some brief descriptions in the literature (cf. Piel 1989; Williams 1994), are considered a case of morphological change by analogy; however, it remains to be determined whether it is a case of analogical extension or, possibly, leveling that would have resulted in syncretism. Based on data retrieved from private letters from the 16th to the 20th century by almost illiterate authors, we will argue that this innovation results from an analogical extension, motivated by morphological and pragmatic factors.

A Study of Some Morphological Problems of Chadian Learners of English

The study of new Englishes has been the focus of many researchers who evaluate the spoken and written quality of non-native English in different parts of the globe. This study investigates morphological errors made by Chadian learners of English in their written and oral production. 250 essays by Première and Terminale learners of Lycée Pascal Yoadimnadji and 300 ones by students of the University of Doba were scrutinised. This was completed with oral presentations and free conversations on topics of general interest by 30 secondary school learners and 50 university students. The paper particularly looked at their production of plural forms, third person singular markers, omission/addition, and the production of the -ed morpheme of the simple past tense and past participle. The results show that irrespective of their levels of education, Chadian learners of English generally omit or mispronounce the inflection morphemes in their various forms. The findings also reveal that some of the errors found are general features of non-native English, while others are specific to Chadian setting where English varieties from Cameroon (CamFE), Nigeria (NigE & Pidgin English), and from Sudan lead to a real mixture in classrooms.