This paper examines how generative artificial intelligence (AI) reproduces colonial visual tropes when tasked with representing Aotearoa New Zealand's historical past. Using OpenAI's Sora as a case study, the analysis investigates AI‐generated images prompted to depict (1) precolonial landscapes, (2) first contact between Māori and Europeans, (3) British colonial rule, and (4) Māori figures from the 1860s. Drawing on iconographic methods, the study finds that Sora‐generated outputs closely mirror dominant settler‐colonial visual conventions. These include portrayals of the land as terra nullius, colonisation as peaceful and consensual, and Māori as timeless, passive figures. Rather than offering disruptive alternatives, Sora reinforces hegemonic memory frameworks learned from biased training data. As generative AI tools become increasingly influential in shaping public understandings of the past, such depictions matter; they naturalise myths of benevolent colonisation and undermine Māori claims to political sovereignty, redress, and cultural revitalisation. The paper concludes by evaluating possible interventions at three stages of the AI development pipeline—preprocessing, model training, and postprocessing—while also highlighting the importance of AI literacy in enabling users to critically prompt and repurpose these technologies for decolonial ends.

Abstract Background Hydroxyurea (HU) is a common cytoreductive therapy used in many hematological conditions. A rare association that has been documented with HU is cutaneous side effects including widespread skin changes and oral ulcers. The formation of non-oral gastrointestinal ulcers as a complication from HU is extremely rare and has been documented in only 4 cases reports. Aims Case presentation Methods 58-year-old Indonesian male with a history of polycythemia vera on HU and aspirin for nearly 7 years presented with a positive FIT in 2022. Past medical history includes a ruptured appendix requiring an open appendectomy in 2019. He was asymptomatic with no side effects from HU therapy. He had no family history of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies or inflammatory bowel disease. He had no tuberculosis risk factors and no regular alcohol or smoking history. A colonoscopy in Jan 2023 revealed terminal ileum and ascending colon ulcers on colonoscopy with pathology showing mild to moderately active inflammation with one non-necrotizing granuloma. A repeat colonoscopy 1 year after discontinuation of HU demonstrated complete resolution of the ileocolonic ulcers. Results Pathophysiology of GI ulceration secondary to HU therapy is poorly understood. It is thought that HU-related mucocutaneous ulcers develop from the cumulative effects of direct cytologic damage to keratinocytes, from reduced blood flow and from impaired wound healing. Non-oral GI ulcers have been postulated to occur due to HU-induced hypersensitivity vasculitis or HU-induced Behcet’s disease. Only 4 documented case series have been published regarding HU-induced GI tract ulceration with 3 showing severe complications including significant GI bleeding, requiring surgical intervention. In all 4-case series, there was improvement and no recurrence after discontinuation of HU therapy, suggesting a causal relationship between non-oral GI ulcer and HU therapy. In this clinical case, he presented with an asymptomatic positive FIT test, highlighting a significant gap in our understanding of pathophysiology and prognostic factors in non-oral GI ulcers induced by HU. Conclusions 1) Early detection in HU induced colonic ulcers is critical in the prevention of severe complications such as massive GI bleeding or bowel perforation. 2) The need for strategies in the prevention and screening for potential life-threatening complications of HU induced GI tract ulceration. 3) Further research needs to be conducted in understanding the pathophysiology of GI ulceration within the GI tract. Funding Agencies CAG

Cultural heritage consists of tangible and intangible elements that reflect the historical past and identity of societies, ensuring the transmission of these values to future generations. The interaction between cultural heritage and tourism promotes economic and socio-cultural development through the use of heritage assets as tourism products. It also allows for investments in preservation and sustainability of these assets. Cultural heritage tourism enables individuals to increase their awareness and knowledge levels by discovering cultural assets. Within this framework, this study aims to determine the most suitable destination points and routes for cultural heritage tourism in historical Harput, which possesses natural, historical, and cultural heritage values. The Historical Harput Region, which was included in UNESCO Tentative Heritage List in 2018, is among the most important cultural heritage sites in region and is a significant tourist attraction. Routes were created in the selected region to allow tourists to visit all cultural heritage sites and return to same point via the shortest and easiest route. In this context, the nearest neighbor algorithm method was used to calculate the shortest travel routes for tourists while visiting the structures. The study calculated the shortest routes and total distances that tourists should follow for each of the 11 designated destination points. As a result, the best travel routes for cultural heritage tourism, specifically in Historical Harput Region, were determined and recommendations were made

According to the Constitution Russia is a social state, the main purpose of which is to take care of its people. One of the areas of such care is social assistance to those in need. The state social policy should be based on traditional spiritual and moral values. The ideological basis of social work, aimed primarily at the welfare state implementation, has been analyzed. The historical past shows that the ideological basis of social work is born from church social service, which is based on Christian commandments. Church social service and social work, their interrelationships, similarities and differences, current state, and social partnership of the Russian Orthodox Church and the state in helping those in need have been studied. A theoretical analysis of the social service and social work concepts, their basic principles, as well as legal consolidation has been carried out. There is an ideological unity between church social service and state social work and a need for close cooperation between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church in such work.

Purpose: To report a rare case of pituitary macroadenoma in pregnancy. Pituitary macroadenomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland. Routine presentation may include endocrine abnormalities or visual field defects. The prevalence of pituitary macroadenomas in the general population is approximately 40.67 per 100,000 individuals. In pregnancy, the occurrence is even more rare, and diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach to minimize potential complications. This case highlights the diagnostic process, management considerations, and potential impact on pregnancy outcomes. Method: Case Report Results: A 38-year-old G8P3043 female at 26+2 weeks of gestation presented with intractable headache. The patient stated she choked while drinking juice the night before, which led to a coughing spell. She reported that the headache began soon after the coughing spell. The headache was persistent, dull, and diffuse in nature and associated with photophobia, phonophobia, and two episodes of vomiting. She denied visual changes, dizziness, or weakness. The patient was administered a pain cocktail with minimal relief. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed a 2.6 x 1.3 x 1.8 cm expansile mass in the sella with suprasellar extension, elevating and compressing the optic chiasm. The primary diagnosis was a pituitary macroadenoma. Neurology was consulted, and the patient was evaluated. Neurological physical exam was unremarkable, including cranial nerves, motor, sensation, coordination, and higher integrative functions. Neurology concluded there was no need for further neurological workup at this time and to follow up with the neurologist in 2 months. Her pregnancy has been complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR), abnormal non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) with high suspicion for Trisomy 21, chronic hypertension, and advanced maternal age. Past medical history includes chronic hypertension on labetalol 100 mg twice a day and occasional migraines. She was never evaluated by a neurologist for the migraines because she reported only a few episodes a year. The patient was receiving twice weekly fetal testing for FGR with follow up ultrasounds every 3 weeks to assess fetal growth in the setting of highly suspected Trisomy 21. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout this time and did not require pain medication. The patient expressed a desire for a vaginal delivery. Due to the findings of pituitary adenoma and concerns for labor, an anesthesia referral was requested to determine if she was an appropriate candidate for regional anesthesia. She was evaluated by anesthesia, and they deemed her an appropriate candidate. At her 2 month follow-up visit with neurology, she denied any complaints, including headache or visual changes. Neurology referred her to neurosurgery for further evaluation. Neurology plans to follow up with her in 6 months. The team plans for delivery at 38 weeks pending continued normal antenatal testing. Conclusion: Pregnancy is a physiological state that induces significant changes in the endocrine system, particularly affecting the pituitary gland. These anatomical and functional changes make the management of pituitary disease more complex compared to the non-pregnant state. Due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lactotroph cells, the pituitary gland may increase in size by up to 40% in the second trimester and up to 70% in the third trimester, reaching two to three times its normal size. A pituitary adenoma greater than 10 mm in diameter, classified as a macroadenoma, has a 15-36 % chance of increasing in size during pregnancy. This growth risk necessitates close monitoring for symptoms such as headaches or visual disturbances, which may indicate tumor progression and could require neurosurgical evaluation. The treatment and surveillance of macroadenomas during pregnancy should be individualized. Patients should undergo close clinical follow-up with visual field testing during each trimester. In cases of non-functioning adenomas or hormone-secreting adenomas, surgery may be considered when there is significant visual impairment or life-threatening endocrine dysfunction. The second trimester is typically considered the safest period for surgical intervention, as it is associated with lower risks of congenital anomalies and preterm birth. The majority of women with macroprolactinomas or non-functioning adenomas experience favorable pregnancy outcomes. The primary goal of management is to ensure maternal and fetal safety while effectively controlling the tumor. Although rare, pituitary apoplexy, which involves infarction or hemorrhage within the pituitary gland often in the context of a pre-existing adenoma, can occur and may require emergency intervention. A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving obstetrics, endocrinology, neurology, neurosurgery, and maternal-fetal medicine is essential to optimize outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

Background: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding is characterized refers to bleeding that originates from the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon, rectum, and anus. It can present with various symptoms and can range from mild to severe. Patients and methods: Across sectional study of 93 patients complaining of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding (LGITB) were examined by Emergency Department (ED) doctors from 1st of February 2023 to 1st of October 2023 in ED of Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital. All Patients present with acute infectious bloody diarrhoea, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding (UGITB) and age less than 16 years excluded from the study. General information taken from the patients by a questioner all parameters include (age, sex, Presentation to ED, past medical and surgical history, Clinical finding, laboratory investigation, Treatment, Time spent in ED). Diagnosis was aided by proctoscope, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy, and the role of ED in management were assessed. Results: A total 93 patients (62 males and 31 female) with mean age 51.5 years were treated. The most frequent diagnosis was haemorrhoid (40.9%) followed by polyp (11.8%) and diverticulosis (10. 8%).All patient stay in ED less than 24 hours with mean time stay was 11.6 hours. Most common presentation was fresh blood per rectum (60.2%), haematochezia (24.7%) and melena (15.1%). Conclusion: Proctoscopy done in ED gives a fast diagnosis and treated patient in ED and discharge home (reduce admission rate). Over all ED have an important role of management of patients with LGITB if good protocol were applied.

Memory politics, presented across various disciplines, is typically defined as a "tool" serving to transform symbolic space, create a system of models as meaningful reference points for the historical consciousness of a stable society, and establish a unified logic of continuity that limits destructive external influence. Contemporary political discourse encompasses a range of practices capable of both preserving and destabilizing it. The cause and effect of both are the prevailing societal perceptions and assessments of the historical past. Memory politics, as examined in this article, is defined as the practice of preserving the value of the historical past and managing its perception. This study will formulate the key functions of memory politics and analyze some of the tasks that its use in political discourse facilitates.

An elderly, right-handed, male patient presented to the emergency department at a middle sized hospital with a few hours' history of mild confusion and a difficulty expressing himself verbally. Past medical history consisted of hypertension and cured hairy cell leukemia. CT scan of the brain showed a 5 cm infarction in the left occipital lobe, and a corresponding P2 occlusion was seen. The patient was admitted to the stroke unit. While at the stroke unit, a detailed neurologic exam by a neurologist was performed. It was revealed that the patient could not read at all, but he could write perfectly with preserved spelling and handwriting. A diagnosis of "alexia without agraphia" was made. An MRI of the brain was performed, and infarctions well corresponding with prior case reports on the diagnosis were seen.

Utility of Routine Histopathologic and Culture Analysis in Wrist Tenosynovectomy.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) is an enzyme involved in processing prohormones into active peptides. PCSK1 deficiency is a rare genetic condition in which the homozygous presentation has been documented to cause diarrhea during infancy, as well as childhood obesity, high levels of proinsulin, and diverse endocrine abnormalities. An eleven-year-old male was evaluated in the pediatric cardiology clinic for hypertriglyceridemia and rapid weight gain. He had recently been diagnosed with heterozygous PCSK1 deficiency, defined as c.661A > G, which is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Asn221Asp. The patient reported regular hyperphagia to the point of nausea, with a diet of processed and sugary foods. Past medical history included obstructive sleep apnea and migraines. Physical examination was unremarkable aside from severe obesity (BMI 39.7 kg/m2) and elevated blood pressure. His fasting lipid panel showed elevated triglycerides (330 mg/dL), low HDL (38 mg/dL), normal LDL (71 mg/dL), elevated total cholesterol (175 mg/dL), and normal HbA1c (5.0%). The patient was counseled on lifestyle modifications with the weight management clinic and began a structured weight loss program along with discussions of possible GLP-1 agonist initiation. Follow-up lipid monitoring was planned in 3 months after the cardiology clinic visit. This case of a heterozygous PCSK1 variant may demonstrate an association between this variant and the patient's clinical presentation, possibly expanding the known clinical spectrum of the disorder beyond the previously reported presentations in homozygous cases. Our case may show how heterozygous presentations with this variant of PCSK1 deficiency demonstrate a different presentation from the homozygous phenotype in younger patients. This patient shows that PCSK1 abnormalities could have an association with individuals who have hyperphagia and significant obesity, but normal HbA1c and LDL levels. Additional studies could be considered to evaluate prevalence in the population, long-term outcomes, and targeted therapies.

In scientific paper on the basis of numerous scientific works, the reasons for the displacement of Ganja city, which has a very ancient and honorable historical past, at different times, the conditions that made possible the historical and geographical change of the area, are studied. sources, written sources, archaeological and ethnographic material evidence. Based on various local and international archaeological and ethnographic expeditions and excavations conducted by local and foreign researchers and archaeologists in the territory of city over the past two centuries, the historical and chronological age of Ganja as an urban cultural center and its movement at different stages of the indicators were studied with reference to scientific data. In the scientific work, for the first time a sequence of historical and geographical movements of the city of Ganja was compiled on the basis of relevant scientific sources, irrefutable documents and manuscripts of the modern stage in accordance with chronological periodization, as well as historical monuments, samples of material culture related to the periods of city movements that were observed at least five times, reflects information about archaeological and ethnographic materials. In article have been considered the number, structure and characteristics of its many historical residential quarters, which are evidence of the movements of Ganja city, along with the immovable architectural monuments found in these areas, handicrafts belonging to different stages were studied.

Caribbean poets, like their counterparts from other parts of the world, draw on traditional performing arts to represent African historical, cultural, social, political, and religious structures and ideologies. Their deep knowledge of African culture enables them to re-educate their people and Blacks all over the world on the importance of their cultural and national identities. This largely explains the presence of African cultural expressions in the musical variations of their poetry. Using the theory of Post-Structuralism, this study explores the style, locale, form, expression, and relevance of musical variations in selected poems of Edward Kamau Brathwaite, Audre Lorde, and Paule Marshall. Their poetry seeks to enhance cultural literacy, foster nationalist consciousness by celebrating Africa’s historical past through songs of solidarity, and provide emotional support for Black Africans' struggles for freedom across the world. It also exposes how going back to African indigenous knowledge and heritage of traditional norms and values fosters self-assertion and actualization, needed for sustainable development of the contemporary African society.

Taking into account that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the leading Middle Eastern political players and a contender for an ambitious global actor, and keeping in mind the facts of the diverse involvement of this state in solving the problems caused by Russian aggression against Ukraine, the article analyzes a number of discourses (primarily in English and Ukrainian, as well as others, including of the Soviet era) related to the Kingdoms foreign policy. It is proved that the content of discourses, as well as certain assessments, conclusions, and forecasts made by researchers, depend on a number of quite diverse factors (from the ethnicity of the expert to the place of his/her residence/work, specific tasks that he/she solves - criticism or a kind of praise of the royal family). In addition, the analysis of the discourses shed light on specific factors - from religion, the geographical location of the Kingdom, the historical past of the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, which have repeatedly demonstrated not only aspirations but also the ability to organize state life over the centuries, to the peculiarities of the functioning of the system of state power in the Kingdom of the Saud and the rather powerful royal intelligence, which (from ancient times to the present) have been crucial for maintaining Saudi Arabia’s political subjectivity in the international arena and in the course of the implementation of foreign policy by Saudi monarchs. The authors argues that since Salman became king and his son became crown prince, the KSA's foreign policy has undergone changes, which has manifested itself not only in the Kingdom's intervention in numerous conflicts, but also in its rethinking of interstate relations with the United States, the Horn of Africa, Ukraine, and others. The analysis of discourses shows that the monarchy is testing several strategies in the international arena: “positive neutrality”, “niche diplomacy”, mediation, etc. The Kingdom’s humanitarian support of Ukraine during the full-scale Russian invasion allows domestic experts to hope that after the war, the Saudis may become one of the most powerful investors in our country. However, the results of the contribution of Ukrainian researchers to the study of the Kingdom are rather modest (sporadic, not systematic), which will require further deepening of research.

Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the informativeness of Chuvash historical traditions for the reconstruction of the general picture of the historical past of the Kazan Khanate and the Chuvash region within it. Research materials: The article is based on the study of both published and unpublished historical traditions (sources) stored in the funds of the scientific archive of the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities. Results and scientific novelty: The author traced the main historical plots of the Kazan Khanate period, covering which of the traditions can significantly supplement and expand the source base of the researcher. The conducted research has shown that Chuvash legends are an important source for reconstructing the domestic and foreign policy of the Kazan Khanate, but their use requires cross-checking with written and archaeological data, as well as taking into account such genre features of folklore as hyperbolization and symbolism. The analysis of legends requires a critical approach, but they allow us to look at the events of the era through the prism of the collective memory of the Chuvash people, who were within the orbit of the Khanate’s influence, while maintaining elements of autonomy and cultural identity. The events of the Kazan Khanate in legends are often mixed with earlier (Volga Bulgaria) or later (the period of the Russian state) eras. Most of the legends were recorded in the 18th–19th centuries which could have resulted in distortion of the original plots under the influence of Russian culture and Orthodoxy.

Hypertension is a chronic condition that often remains asymptomatic but is associated with a high risk of perioperative complications. In adults, hypertension is classified as essential or secondary, while in pregnancy it presents as gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, which may progress to HELLP syndrome. Patients with hypertension undergoing surgical procedures are at increased risk of complications, including stroke, arrhythmias, and mortality, particularly when blood pressure is poorly controlled. Certain anesthetic agents, such as sevoflurane and propofol, may induce significant hypotension, highlighting the importance of comprehensive pre-anesthetic assessment. The AMPLE approach (Allergy, Medication, Past Medical History, Last Meal, Environment/Event) serves as a systematic method to identify perioperative risks and support safe anesthesia planning.Preliminary observations at Bangli Regional Hospital reported 20–30 surgical cases with comorbid hypertension per month, including 10–20 cases of gestational hypertension. To address this issue, a community service program was conducted to provide education on pre-anesthetic assessment using AMPLE and Basic Life Support (BLS) training for patients’ families. The program was positively received, with participants demonstrating appropriate BLS techniques and actively engaging during counseling sessions. These findings suggest that routine implementation of AMPLE education and BLS training may enhance family preparedness and patient safety in perioperative and emergency situations.

There is a case to be made for a more-than-human experiment for history education that challenges the inside/outside of the history classroom by expanding our understanding of the past beyond the limits of the human-centred, historical past. This more-than-human experiment can be realised by bringing agent ontologies into conversation with historical thinking. Agent ontologies are philosophical positions where humans are not the apex of existence and agency is not seen as something only humans have. It is the position of this article that certain assumptions to do with time, distance and the concept of the human frame the inside of the history classroom and, to truly overcome the inside/outside binary, where anything outside is seen as other, it is necessary to develop ontological positions that challenge these assumptions. Two more-than-human concepts, the history-student-in-place and historical affect, are outlined to provide tangible and theoretically sound ways for history educators to adapt their teaching practices. While a more-than-human experiment for history education is related to making space for Indigenous and Western history-making practices in the history classroom it is not the only reason for dismantling the inside/outside binary of the history classroom. More-than-human iterations of the past exist outside the history classroom in many ways, perhaps most pressingly in relation to AI-produced histories. The aim of this article is to outline two concepts to meet this challenge by confronting some of the things everybody knows when it comes to history education.

The study examines the associative reactions of Russian and Kazakh students, forming the image of a citizen in the collective consciousness/language consciousness. Methods of polling, associative experiment and linguistic-cultural field are used. Stable nuclear and peripheral associative reactions have been identified. It is argued that the image of a citizen in the linguistic consciousness includes cultural and historical competence, linguistic (linguocultural) and personal (value) aspects. The image of a citizen acquires particular significance in a multicultural environment, where he must have a generalized, to a certain extent universal content, capable of uniting representatives of different nationalities. Also, the issues of teaching intercultural communication in the context of a cultural approach are covered, a description of modern cultural approaches is given, attention is focused on taking into account the cultural component when working with language material. The image of a citizen is saturated with stable historical, cultural, linguistic and value components that persist throughout the existence of a multilingual and multicultural people. The authors believe that the perspectives of the study of the linguistic-cultural image may be related to the expansion of the comparative base of polycultural competence of students-native speakers and foreigners studying the national language as a foreign/second language. The results obtained indicate the common historical past of both groups and the similarity of their civic values, but reveal a difference in the significance of individual dates, historical events and qualities of a citizen.

The following pages have emerged from the history and memory of three areas of knowledge in the Faculty of Arts in Valladolid between 1965 and 1990. They reflect the evolution of the Spanish university at the time, in the light of a specific institutional environment that shows the profound changes that took place then. At the same time, they show the work of a group of teachers and researchers, with some personal anecdotes, others collective. The purpose is to give an image of university life in that historical past, with the perspective of the moment in which it became a reality. They have a specific point of view: that of the three departments which, since 1986, have formed the Modern, Contemporary and American history Department at the University of Valladolid.

Abstract Introduction Mutations in the POLG gene, which encodes the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, are known to cause a spectrum of mitochondrial disorders. Endocrine manifestations have been reported, but hyperandrogenism is rare. We report a unique case of elevated serum total testosterone in a male patient with a POLG mutation. Objective This case highlights a potential novel endocrine manifestation associated with POLG mutations. The mechanism may involve mitochondrial dysfunction altering steroidogenesis or steroid metabolism. Further research is needed to explore this association and its clinical implications. Methods A 38-year-old man arrived at consultation because of ow libido, erectile dysfunction and chronic fatigue, total testosterone was measured and a high serum level was found (>15). Past medical history with no relevant data. WNBR within normal ranges. No exogenous testosterone or anabolic steroid use was reported. Patient has never been in TRT or any other hormone replacement off-label therapy. Physical exam without hyperandrogenism data. Results Genetic tests were performed searching for androgen insensitivity syndrome, with negative results. Whereas a pathogenic POLG mutation was foundGiven the unexplained hyperandrogenism and inexplicable clinical symptoms, genetic testing was pursued. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the POLG gene c.1760C>T (p.Pro587Leu) and c.752C>T (p.Thr251Ile), commonly associated with mitochondrial disorders. Conclusions Elevated testosterone in a male patient with a POLG mutation raises the possibility of a previously unrecognized aspect of mitochondrial disease. Clinicians should consider genetic evaluation in unexplained hyperandrogenism, especially when systemic symptoms suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. Disclosure No

ABSTRACT The paper explores the social identity dynamics of member-state-originated disinformation and anti-EU propaganda by presenting an empirical study focusing on the case of Hungary over the first year of anti-Russian EU sanctions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The study pursued a twofold objective. First, based on a comprehensive overview of the related literature, a deductive thematic analysis of relevant news articles sampled from government-controlled public service media outlet hirado.hu and pro-Russian fringe media outlet oroszhirek.hu was conducted to provide a detailed picture of disinformation in the Hungarian context. Second, a software-supported content analysis of the two news corpora-tested hypotheses based on the conceptual framework of Identity Entrepreneurship, in which anti-EU disinformation and propaganda is understood as part of a dynamic process of narrative social identity construction anchored to a national historical past of collective victimisation. The results showed that the intergroup patterns of evaluation and agency reflected a need for positive distinctiveness of the Hungarian ingroup as compared to the EU presented as an outgroup in these terms. The results are discussed in terms of the implications of identity entrepreneurship for the potential conflicts between political identity construction and shared control of disinformation in the EU.