Passive Voice Research Articles

Doing Manual Paraphrasing: What Should the Students Do in Paraphrasing or Rewriting English Writing?

The issue of plagiarism and students' writing difficulties appeared to be a difficulty for teachers, so the existence of paraphrasing is a means to prevent plagiarizing. The objective of this study is to describe manual paraphrasing for students in paraphrasing or rewriting English writing. This research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis shows that manual paraphrasing is the activity of rewriting a text into another form manually without the help of online tools. In teaching paraphrasing manually, ten several strategies can be used by students, including using synonyms, changing the word form, changing active or passive sentences, changing transitions/connectors, changing/rearranging the order of ideas, changing or modifying text structure, simplifying or summarizing sentence, changing the double negative into a positive form, adding quotation marks for important points, and combining paraphrasing techniques. Students need to combine these strategies by applying more than two strategies than a single paraphraseIn manual paraphrasing, students must carefully study the source material, comprehend its meaning, attempt to explain it, and then rewrite it using their words while preserving the same meaning. Manual paraphrasing requires more effort and takes time than using automated tools, but the results may be better than expected.

The Erratic Use of Imperative and Passive Voice in Procedure Text Writing Ability

<p><span class="fontstyle0">The objectives of this research is to indicate the errors in the use of Imperative and Passive Voice in the students’ procedure text. The writer uses qualitative descriptive research method. The technique of collecting data of Imperative and Passive Voice was content analysis that was acquired from the students’ writing product. The data of this study is based on Jacob’s theory cited in Meliawati that content or document analysis is a research method applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the material. In conclusion, content analysis also helps the writer to find research that fits the writer’s passion rather than needing to find a passion that fits the research. The result of this study is that the teacher should be more conscious and pay more attention to students' learning process in using Imperative and Passive Voice in writing procedure text especially how to design a strategy of teaching language features used in Imperative and Passive Voice.</span> <br /><br /></p>

Diatesis Pasif Persona Pertama Tunggal dalam Tindak Tutur Lokusi Menjelaskan oleh Warga Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember

As one of grammatical semantics topics, the passive voice of singular first person is used to show the relationship between singular first person (me) and action through the form of passive verbs in a sentence that contain grammatical meaning. The formulation of this research problem is what are the semantic constructions of the passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining based on the strategy in Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember? This qualitative descriptive research is included in communication ethnographic research. Data was collected through listening and speech methods. Data that has been successfully collected is then presented using categorical, descriptive, and distributional methods. The theories used are Chomsky's generative transformation theory (1965) and Searle's speech act theory (1979). Based on this study, a total of 6 types of passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining in Sumberejo Village, Ambulu District, Jember Regency by dividing the types of passive voice of singular first person based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs with the type of locutionary speech act explaining based on the strategy. The types of locutionary speech acts explain based on their 5 strategies, then the types are crossed with 5 types of passive voice, singular first person, based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs

Exploring the Nature of Syntactic Priming of English-Mandarin Bilinguals Comparing with English Monolinguals

This study investigates the nature of syntactic priming in English-Mandarin bilinguals. Compared with the English monolinguals, the results show that differences between bilingual and monolingual groups can be attributed to the different syntactic structures and subtle linguistic differences between English and Mandarin, including the impact and potential language interference. The study also emphasizes that there are marginally significant differences between passive and locative conditions among bilingual groups, with passive priming showing a stronger priming effect. Importantly, the study elucidates the sensitivity of English-Mandarin bilinguals to argument structure and the influence of animacy distribution on the generation of passive sentences, as well as the reduced use of passive sentences by bilinguals compared to monolinguals. The research demonstrates that the argument structure priming hypothesis and animacy distribution also exist in English-Mandarin bilingual groups the same as the English monolinguals [1].

Learning with Mobile Phone: Evaluating Grammar Learning in Learning Objects

The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the customized mobile application comprised of learning objects (LOs). The mobile app evaluated was personally developed by the researcher to serve as supplemental material for learning grammar (i.e., the active and passive voice) with the aim of improving the learners’ grammar competence. The study employed the descriptive-evaluative research design focusing on the perspectives of the students on the mobile application through the “Learning Object Evaluation Scale for Students (LOES-S)” in terms of three constructs: (1) learning, (2) quality, and (3) engagement. Significant findings of the study included how beneficial and valuable the mobile application was to the learners in terms of “learning” with WM = 4.55, (2) “quality” with WM = 4.56, and (3) “engagement” with WM = 4.68. The study developed mobile application for learning grammar (i.e., the active and passive voice) was proven effective based on the evaluation of the students. Hence, recommended for wide dissemination.

Active Voice, Passive Voice, Narrated Voice: The Diaspora of the Courás in Atlantic Slavery

Active Voice, Passive Voice, Narrated Voice: The Diaspora of the Courás in Atlantic Slavery

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЛАЗОДВИГАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ 6-9 ЛЕТ ПРИ СООТНЕСЕНИИ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В ПАССИВНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ И ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЙ

In the pilot, the oculomotor behavior of children 6-9 years old (n=10) and adults (n=10) was analyzed during passive voice sentences and pictures matching task. Adults most likely make a decision already when listening to the second word in a sentence, and the third word only confirms the choice already made. In children, the process of perception requires more time, and when listening to the third words in a sentence, it continues, which is noted in longer fixations than in adults on an incorrect picture. This effect is more pronounced when analyzing sentences with reverse word order and passive voice

Analyzing `Language Features of Construction Contracts from The Multi-Dimensional Perspective

In recent years, China’s active participation in the international construction market has led to a greater demand for the comprehensive demystification of construction contracts from the language perspective. Nevertheless, scarcity can be felt concerning that perspective. This study aims to explore language features via the multi-dimensional approach proposed by Biber. A corpus-driven method was adopted on the basis of five real construction contracts. The salient language features were uncovered statistically by adopting the Multi-dimensional Analysis Tagger (MAT), and a series of visualized results displaying lexico-grammatical features and general genre features of construction contracts from different dimensions were also output. The results revealed that nouns and normalization were densely employed in construction contracts. Meanwhile, language variables like phrasal coordination, predicative modals, passive voice, and suasive verbs were excessively employed. The results also uncovered that adverbs and be as the main verb were counted as underused. As to the general genre features, the results suggested that the contracts were written documents with informational, non-narrative, context-independent, self-assertive, and abstract features. Those features stem from the communicative purposes of construction contracts, rendering construction contracts the formal style, explicit communicative purposes, objective stance, and authoritative position. Though with limited language features, we can still obtain an insight into the interpretation and teaching of construction contracts.

Current ways of expressing voice in Ukrainian language

The article covers consideration and analysis of syntactic rules for the category of voice in modern Ukrainian language, particularly in the sphere of professional communication. The proposed study traces the definitions of active and passive voice constructions, introduces definitions of direct and indirect subject, and also analyzes the formation of the indirect subject, indicating its belonging to the class of animate and inanimate objects. The article considers various ways of correct conveying of thoughts, accurate and logical presentation of the context, which can be achieved through particular syntactic norms of different styles in professional speech, using such verb voices as active and passive, as well as the reflexive voice, which is inherent, in particular, to Ukrainian language. Therefore, the author analyzes semantic structure of a clause from the point of view on reflecting transient process. Indicating the direct order of words in the sentence, it is manifested that subject in a sentence expresses a person or an object, a phenomenon that performs certain action, an object or a person that is in specific texts like natural, technical or social narratives, where subjects may be animate and inanimate ones. Formulating the idea through linguistic means in such clauses, statements, etc., it is affirmed that the semantic structure of the sentence is to be structured by definite syntactical model. Also, through the study it has been defined the status of verbs with the postfix -sia (ukr. -ся) in contemporary Ukrainian language. Its uncertainty of usage is sometimes observed mentioning passive and reflexive voices in Ukrainian. This postfix historical development of applying within the morphological structure of the word, word combination and clause has been analyzed. The author believes that it indicates the action is accomplished by the subject itself. The characteristic features of the development of reflexive verbs used for various semantic connotations are distinguished considering relationship between subject and object in action, which allowed the author to distinguish at least their six qualifications keeping in mind much broader verb classification within reflexive constructions. Taking into consideration that the mentioned verbs with postfix -sia are referred to the reflexive voice. It is emphasized that verbs with the mentioned postfix are derived from transitive verbs. In conclusion it is emphasized that in modern Ukrainian literary language, and especially professional one, two-part active and passive constructions are commonly used, and the usage of reflexive voice needs further scientific investigation and study.

The Passive Sentence with the Character “Ai [ai¹³]” in Xing’an Dialect of Guangxi

The Passive Sentence with the Character “Ai [ai¹³]” in Xing’an Dialect of Guangxi

A fusion protein of vimentin with Fc fragment inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family and a flavivirus, is known to induce acute encephalitis. Vimentin protein has been identified as a potential receptor for JEV, engaging in interactions with the viral membrane protein. The Fc fragment, an integral constituent of immunoglobulins, plays a crucial role in antigen recognition by dendritic cells (DCs) or phagocytes, leading to subsequent antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, or phagocytosis. In this study, we fused the receptor of JEV vimentin with the Fc fragment of IgG and expressed the resulting vimentin-Fc fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Pull-down experiments demonstrated the binding ability of the vimentin-Fc fusion protein to JEV virion in vitro. Additionally, we conducted inhibition assays at the cellular level, revealing the ability of vimentin-Fc protein suppressing JEV replication, it may be a promising passive immunotherapy agent for JEV. These findings pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies against JEV.

Echoes of Exile

This article delves into the intricacies of memory, resistance, and identity within the context of Palestinian experiences, as portrayed in Hala Alyan’s novel, Salt Houses. This study examines the profound impact of rememory on the collective consciousness of a Palestinian family haunted by forced expulsions, upheavals, and the enduring cycle of occupation and forced migrations. The essay underscores that residual elements of past are not a passive recollection but active agents that shape the present and future. It highlights how traumatic pasts, passed down through generations, become an enduring legacy, connecting history with contemporary realities. Drawing on the characters’ experiences, it showcases how the struggle for identity and resistance against displacement is interwoven with the memory of ancestral trauma. Furthermore, the research explores the role of elder Palestinians, especially grandmothers, in preserving cultural heritage and transmitting stories that bridge generations. These narratives serve not only to understand history but also as a means of challenging occupation and advocating for the right of return. The article investigates the dissonance between imagined homelands and present-day realities, shedding light on the challenges faced by subsequent generations attempting to reclaim their heritage.

国际工程合同英译汉中被动语态的翻译方法——以《FIDIC施工合同条件》为例

国际工程合同英译汉中被动语态的翻译方法——以《FIDIC施工合同条件》为例

Processing Instruction Versus Traditional Instruction: The Transfer-of-Training Effects on Chinese EFL Learners

This research investigated the impact of processing instruction (PI) on the acquisition of the English third-person singular present tense by Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners and whether this effect would extend to the acquisition of other language components. This study featured the pretest-immediate-posttest design and participants were required to participate in all tests (pretest, immediate posttest, delayed posttest). Two classes were assigned to receive PI and Traditional Instruction (TI) respectively, while another class served as the control group. A language background check was conducted 2 weeks before the main experiment. And after three consecutive class hours, there is an immediate posttest and a delayed posttest in 2 weeks. By comparing the results of the three tests, the study measured and compared the primary effects, secondary transfer-of-training (TOT) effects, and cumulative TOT effects of PI and TI. The findings showed that both PI and TI had significant effects, although they differed in the extent and duration of improvement in acquisition effectiveness. PI was found to be superior to TI, which could be reflected in primary and two TOT effects except the interpretation tasks related to passive voice. This study suggests that PI can be utilized in grammar teaching due to its efficacy in teaching specific linguistic structures and its transfer-of-training effects on other grammar rules.

Working Memory Capacity, TL Grammar Attainment and Length of Study as Predictors of Explicit and Implicit (Automatized) Knowledge of English Passive Voice

Working Memory Capacity, TL Grammar Attainment and Length of Study as Predictors of Explicit and Implicit (Automatized) Knowledge of English Passive Voice

ChatGPT의 영어 문법성 판단에 근거한 타당성 검증

The present study is aimed at validating the efficacy of ChatGPT based on its explanations of grammatical concepts. Given the fact that more and more English teachers refer to ChatGPT for the purpose of judging grammaticality, this study attempts to probe the potentials and challenges of ChatGPT for English education and assessment. ChatGPT’s explanations of 140 paired sentences from 11 grammatical categories including sentence types, verbs, verbals, passive voice, subjunctive mood, relatives, special structures, conjunctions, nouns-articles, adjectives-adverbs, and prepositions were collected and examined to identify the extent to which the information was valid. The results were then compared against such authoritative corpus resources as the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and Google Books Ngram Viewer (GBNV). The results revealed the average accuracy of the explanations provided by ChatGPT was approximately 73%. While some grammatical explanations of ChatGPT were accurate, 27% of explanations included misleading or even self-contradictory information. According to the survey, the majority of teachers think somewhat favorably of ChatGPT’s potential for teaching and testing, but they are aware of its inherent inaccurate information. Overall, the findings suggest that even ChatGPT’s state-of-the-art technology has yet to meet the adequacy of grammaticality for teaching and testing and that it be supplemented by authoritative English corpora.

The Restricted Omission (restriction of a subject to its verb, object, or both) is a Semantic Grammatical Study

This study discusses the omission of the subject and the object in a sentence from a new perspective, which tells that omission represents a form of restrictions; in other accurate words, the omitted form–that is not conceived–shall be deemed restricted, as its omission may mean that the verb shall not be restricted to it. From this perspective, the research tackles the passive verb forms and omission of a restricted object. ‏The research aims to semantically explain omission by proving the point which says that omission may occur to restrict the verb to the omitted form. To fulfill that aim, the research has adopted a descriptive and analytical approach and exceeded this, reaching the application to some positions of omission in the Holy Quran to explain in accordance with this point of view. Organizationally, the research consists of three chapters: the first one tackles the restriction of a verb to the subject, the second one tackles the restriction of a verb to the object, and the third chapter tackles the restriction of a verb to both the subject and object, then there was the conclusion that involves findings and recommendations.

Syntax in transition

This paper is an investigation of a language contact phenomenon currently taking place in Aanaar (Inari) Saami, an indigenous minority language of Finland. Aanaar Saami people have been in contact with Finnish speakers for centuries, so much so that the language community has become bilingual. This has resulted in the borrowing of both numerous Finnish loanwords and even some syntactic constructions into Aanaar Saami and seems to herald a larger change in the language. The present study focuses on a type of syntactic change called differential argument marking, which is examined in three Aanaar Saami clause types: transitive clauses, existential clauses, and passive verb clauses. Finnish exhibits complex argument marking, characterized by a total–partial distinction, whereas traditional Aanaar Saami does not have differential argument marking in subjects or objects. However, new Aanaar Saami shows multiple emergent types of differential argument marking that vary between individual speakers and, while clearly influenced by Finnish, do not always mirror their Finnish equivalents one-to-one. This, and the observation that differential argument marking is non-existent in older language materials, suggests that the phenomenon is recentFinnish influence.

When spatial agency bias and the advantage of the first mention are in contradiction: Evidence from Czech, German, and Spanish

Evidence from Art (History), perceptual psychology, and (psycho-)linguistics support the claim that in Western culture (or rather within left-to-right writing languages), people depict or visualize more important or salient figures to the left. However, linguistics studies investigating this topic almost exclusively use active sentences with standard Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) syntax as stimuli, where the subject takes the role of an agent. However natural language exhibits much more syntactical variation. To determine if this pattern is also present when the less common syntax is used, we asked native German, Spanish, and Czech speakers (N=300) to draw situations representing ten sentences varying in syntactic structure. These drawings, simplified versions of the mental representation of the situation, provide a glimpse into the conceptualization of the scenes. The spatial placement of the agent figures in the sentences was coded. Results show that although the asymmetrical effect is strong in prototypical SVO sentences, where the subject has the function of an agent and the object a function of a patient, the effect is weaker or disappears in passive sentences, where the subject at the first position is a patient and object on the second position is an agent, as well as in topicalized (OVS) sentences. Furthermore, we found cross-linguistic differences, which suggests that the character of the bias is language-specific. We postulate that placing the agent to the left is only one of the factors influencing spatial placement. The other factor playing an important role is the naming order.

Stylistic Characteristics of Scientific News

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the stylistic characteristics of scientific news. It explores the unique lexical, syntactic, and rhetorical elements that distinguish scientific news writing from other forms of journalism. The essay categorizes vocabulary into technical, semitechnical, and nontechnical words, highlighting their strategic integration in scientific reporting. It also examines syntactic features such as the use of passive voice and parallel structures, which contribute to the clarity and precision of scientific news. Rhetorical techniques like metaphors and alliteration are discussed as tools for enhancing reader engagement and comprehension. The essay underscores the importance of these stylistic elements in effectively communicating complex scientific concepts to a broad audience, emphasizing their role in bridging the gap between specialized knowledge and public understanding.