Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Assessing Sustainable Passenger Transportation Systems to Address Climate Change Based on MCDM Methods in an Uncertain Environment

Climate change, the emission of greenhouse gases, and air pollution are some of the most important and challenging environmental issues. One of the main sources of such problems is the field of transportation, which leads to the emission of greenhouse gases. An efficient way to deal with such problems is carrying out sustainable transportation to reduce the amount of air pollution in an efficient way. The evaluation of sustainable vehicles can be considered a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method due to the existence of several criteria. In this paper, we aim to provide an approach based on MCDM methods and the spherical fuzzy set (SFS) concept to evaluate and prioritize sustainable vehicles for a transportation system in Tehran, Iran. Therefore, we have developed a new integrated approach based on the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) methods in SFS to assess the sustainable vehicles based on the criteria identified by experts. The evaluation results show that the main criterion of the environment has a high degree of importance compared to other criteria. Moreover, autonomous vehicles are the best and most sustainable vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, by comparing the ranking results with other decision-making methods, it was found that the proposed approach has high validity and efficiency.

Environmental performance of an urban passenger transport system and influencing factors: A case study of Tianjin, China

Environmental performance of an urban passenger transport system and influencing factors: A case study of Tianjin, China

Exploring the role of electrification and modal shift in decarbonizing the road passenger transport in British Columbia

The possibility of the modal shift to public transport and active mobility while considering transport electrification and fuel efficiency improvement has yet to be adequately investigated. This paper explores transition pathways toward an environmentally sustainable road passenger transportation system in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. MESSAGE, as a bottom-up energy systems optimization model, is used to find the cost-optimal fuel and technology mix in the transport and power sector. Multiple scenarios mainly assess the influence of modal shift and electric vehicle (EV) diffusion on greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Besides, the effects of scenarios on the power sector configuration are examined. The results show that BC would not achieve the 80% emissions reduction target in the Climate Change Accountability Act unless by a radical expansion of transport electrification. The target could be met by a minimum diffusion of 70% EVs in the total car stock as well as 35% public transport contribution in total passenger kilometers. The findings also indicate that fully electrified light-duty vehicles coupled with active transport would lead to almost a zero-emission level. Nevertheless, 100% electrification would impose an extra 5.6 TWh burden on the power supply system relative to the business-as-usual scenario.

Unraveling the supply-service relationship between high-speed railway and conventional railway: A temporal perspective

With the rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR), many scholars have studied the competition between HSR and aviation or inter-city coach, but few studies have discussed the supply-service relationship within the railway system. This paper explores the competition and cooperation between HSR and conventional railway (CR) at the city-pair level of 39 core cities in China from the temporal perspective. Comprehensive considering the departure time and arrival time between city pairs as the representation of train service quality, we find that the proportion of superior quality service of high-speed train (HST) is far higher than that of conventional train (CT). However, the time slots representing the competition degree show that CR with fewer superior quality trains is easier to be replaced than HSR. The supply-service relationships of the railway system indicate that HSR has become the main transportation mode between core cities, and the CR, as an auxiliary transportation, shows a certain complementary effect in the temporal perspective. Spatially, HSR and CR services are more likely to generate temporal competition on the mainline, but temporal complementarity between city pairs on non-arterial lines. This study can provide inspiration for regional spatial planning by better understanding the operation strategy of railway passenger transport system.

МЕТОДИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НАЗЕМНОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The management system of surface urban passenger transport was analyzed, and a functional subsystem of the passenger transport integration platform was built. A mathematical model for evaluating the effectiveness of the subsystems included in the integration platform has been proposed. A typical physical architecture for the functioning of the subsystem of dispatcher control of mobile units has been proposed, services which can function based on this architecture have been determined. The set of equipment of the subsystem of dispatcher control of mobile units, which allows performing scenarios of the subsystem necessary for the correct organization of the integration platform of intelligent transport system of ground urban passenger transport, is proposed.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ

Most of the existing assessments of the quality of passenger transportation by road have two significant drawbacks. On the one hand, existing quality assessments require the collection of a large amount of data. This is due to high labor intensity and significant time costs. On the other hand, the existing quality assessments do not take into account the interests of all parties involved in the organization, implementation and use of the passenger transportation system. In this regard, it is proposed to use a comprehensive indicator for assessing the quality of passenger transportation. The proposed quality assessment takes into account the interests of all parties and is characterized by low labor intensity.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГОРОДСКОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА ПРИ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИИ НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫХ ПАССАЖИРОПОТОКОВ

Based on the stochastic nature of passenger flows in the urban passenger transport system, there is a possibility of a local discrepancy between the carrying capacity of the fleet of vehicles assigned to the urban route and the demand for transport services. A mathematical model has been developed to determine the efficiency of the transport process with the given structural parameters of the fleet of vehicles and the given parameters of demand. The model served as the basis for the development of a methodology for optimizing the number of vehicles assigned to the routes of urban passenger transport. Based on the results of the survey of a sample of passenger routes of the city of Krasnodar, the data necessary for building the model were determined, the optimization problem was solved. The resulting effect allows us to make a conclusion about the expediency of implementing the results of the study.

ОПЫТ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СИСТЕМ КООРДИНАЦИИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОРЛОВСКОЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ

The authors of the article give examples of the practical implementation of an ecosystem that includes technological products for management, modeling and interactive interaction of participants in the urban passenger transportation system. the problems of their implementation are described, the architecture of the module that coordinates the work of public transport is developed, the results of the implementation of subsystems for coordinating the movement of route vehicles are presented, recommendations for the further development of the implemented subsystems are given.

Analyzing technical perfection of city trolleybuses of autonomous running

Problem. Trolleybus transport, as one of the types of environmentally friendly transport, is used to transport passengers in more than 280 cities of many countries around the world. In the 20th century, along with traditional trolleybuses, trolleybuses with autonomous running are becoming more and more widely used. However, in our country of trolleybuses with autonomous running, manufactured by Ukrainian enterprises, only four copies undergo operational tests. Goal. The goal is evaluation of the technical excellence of city trolleybuses of various types and the selection of the optimal type of trolleybuses with autonomous running for the design and organization of small-scale production at enterprises of Ukraine and their further operation on city and suburban routes. Methodology. The choice of the type of promising competitive city trolleybus with autonomous running for the domestic conditions of economic development is based on the analysis of the technical parameters of trolleybuses of various types, the sketch designs of which are developed on the basis of the maximum identity of their structures and the economic parameters of the "type of trolleybus - necessary infrastructure" systems. Results. Five versions of sketch projects of city trolleybuses of various types have been developed, an analysis of their structural and operational parameters has been carried out, and a relative assessment of the economic parameters of the "trolleybus - necessary infrastructure" system has been given. Originality. A method of analyzing the technical perfection of trolleybuses of various types, the sketch designs of which are developed on the basis of the application of the principle of "other things being equal", i.e., under the conditions of ensuring the maximum identity of their structures, is proposed. Practical value. The practical value is the reasoned selection of the type of city trolleybus for the design of promising competitive models or modifications that are most suitable for use in urban and suburban passenger transportation systems at this stage of economic development of Ukraine.

Spatial temporal pattern analysis on on-demand cab services in urban areas using GIS

As an important component of the urban public passenger transportation system, cabs / taxi offers an all-weather, convenient, comfortable, and personalized travel services for the urban residents, as well as playing a key role in the urban passenger transportation development. Cab market has gained prominence over last 2-3 years in India, in the backdrop of entry of app based aggregators which has not only disrupted auto-rickshaw and traditional taxi market but also forced automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to revise their growth and marketing strategies. There is a randomness and lack of regularity of cab operation characteristics, to describe cab travel activity pattern. Inorder to plan and effectively manage on-demand cab services, and to improve better facility to public, there is a need to understand the underlying relationship between supply and demand. This study analyzed the urban cab location distribution characteristics from different temporal and spatial levels. In the time level, the difference with daily location and operation pattern (weekday versus weekends) is identified; in the space level, the cab location pattern over a space are explored. Cab coverage index and Standard deviation ellipse are the tools used in analysing the patterns over time and space frames. This research can be helpful for understanding urban cab behavior pattern, as well as the contribution to the geographical activity space analysis. GIS has been used as a supportive tool in the study

REDESAIN TERMINAL BUS LAWANG KUARI SEKADAU DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HUMANIS

Sekadau is one of the regencies located in West Kalimantan. As the economy develops, transportation facilities and infrastructure in Sekadau Regency are also increasingly needed. It aims to support the smooth mobility of passengers and goods. One of the supporting elements of the transportation system is the station which functions in controlling, supervising, and regulating the passenger and goods transportation system and being one of the node points of public transportation routes. The only bus station in Sekadau Regency is Lawang Kuari Station which is a type B terminal. This station is located in Sungai Ringin Village, Sekadau Hilir District. Even though they already have a station, the enthusiasm of the Sekadau community to use public transportation services is still very low. This is due to the government's lack of attention to station empowerment, both in terms of fulfilling facilities and maintaining buildings and areas. Another problem in the Lawang Kuari Terminal area is the functional problem of this area itself. In this station redesign, the author uses a Humanist Architecture approach in order to increase comfort in the station, so that the Sekadau community pays attention to the existence of Lawang Kuari Station. The Humanist Architecture approach places more emphasis on small-scale elements that are an important part of society. This approach seeks to improve the quality of existing designs and design decisions are more focused on the needs of the community.

Improving the Efficiency of Information Application in the Organization of Passenger Transportation in Cities

The problem of organizing passenger transportation in cities is becoming more and more important every day. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the spontaneous growth of motorization leads to a drop in the capacity of streets, environmental pollution, destruction of ecosystems, and an increase in social tension. It became obvious that the creation of cities convenient for life is impossible without a system of route passenger transport. And here, improvement of the quality of passenger transportation in cities by increasing the efficiency of using the information necessary to manage the transportation process is of particular relevance. There is a need to create a unified information space in the field of transportation, involving all participants in the process. This, in turn, will help to provide reliable information to users (passengers) of route passenger transport, increase its reliability and passengers' trust in it. An important role here is played by the information sup-port of the transportation management process with the choice of the correct model for collecting reliable information about the movement of route vehicles and its correct use, which will lead to an increase in the reliability of the route passenger transport, and the provision of open reliable information about the movement of route vehicles will contribute to increasing user confidence in route passenger transport and at the same time discipline carriers and operators.

Design Method of Intelligent Touchpoint: Intelligent Auto-Loading Cargo Transport Vehicle for Automobile Passenger Transportation

The integration of passenger and cargo transportation has become a new profit development point in the transformation of automotive passenger transport services, and cargo vehicles are a major service touchpoint for the integrated passenger and cargo transport system. This study presents a set of intelligent service touchpoint design principles with intelligent perception, connection, analysis, decision-making, and execution, to innovate the integrated intelligent service system of automobile passenger and cargo transportation, and intelligent self-loading and unloading cargo transport. Based on the field data of cargo transport services of five automobile passenger stations in China, the problems are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of service facilities, content, price, and process, and ultimately form an intelligent service system integrating automobile passenger and cargo transportation. Next, the proposed system is analyzed and compared with five existing intelligent consignment products, and target tasks and requirements of cargo transport vehicles are extracted. The system realizes the usability evaluation of the functional prototype through the combination of open-source hardware, Arduino platform, and mechanical transmission structure, and verifies the availability of the design principles of intelligent service touchpoints.

Визначення пристосованості автобусів до роботи на міських маршрутах пасажирських перевезень

One of the most important tasks of urban development in Ukraine today is to create a reliable, safe, economical and environmentally friendly system of urban passenger transport, which is focused on meeting the needs of each participant in the system. In the modern city, public transport is one of the most important sectors of the economy, therefore, the stable operation of the urban passenger transport system is considered to be of special social importance, which justifies the relevance of this study.The decline of passenger ATPs over the past ten to fifteen years has been caused by a lack of funds to support their proper functioning due to economic difficulties in the country, and the shortage of buses and the impossibility of replacing them has exacerbated the situation. All this contributed to the entry into the market of private carriers with a variety of rolling stock, mostly small capacity. At the same time, the most widespread was the transportation of passengers in the mode of route taxis without sufficient justification for the use of such an organization of work.The analysis of literature sources shows that the main indicators of the efficiency of passenger transportation are: the level of transport services, bus productivity and cost of transportation. All other things being equal, the level of transport service is determined by the cost of travel time and includes the time spent on: walking, waiting for the bus, travel, transfer and additional costs due to failure to board. The calculations showed that the choice of bus to work in the city, with other equivalent conditions, it is advisable to perform based on the characteristics of fuel economy. In connection with the more efficient use of fuel by larger buses, the question arises about the rational structure of urban passenger transport, which would take into account both the cost characteristics of transportation and the level of transport services.As a result of the research it was established that in the mode of a route taxi it is expedient to use buses with a total capacity of less than thirty passengers. The feasibility of using larger capacity buses for such transportation requires additional research in specific operating conditions.

Analyzing technical perfection of city electric buses of various types

Problem. Electric buses of various types are becoming increasingly used for passenger transport on urban routes in almost all European countries and in many countries in America and Asia, especially in China. However, in our country, in contrast to Belarus, Russia and some other countries of the former Soviet Union, city electric buses of two types have been undergoing operational tests for only a few years now. Goal. Determination and selection of the optimal type of city electric bus for the creation and organization of serial production of promising competitive electric buses at Ukrainian enterprises and their further operation on urban routes. Methodology. The choice of the type of perspective for domestic economic development systems of urban passenger transport systems is based on the analysis of technical parameters of city electric buses of different types, sketches of which are developed on the basis of maximum identity of their designs, and economic parameters of "city electric bus type. Results. Five variants of sketch designs of city electric buses of different types (ONC, ONC-T, ONC-V, OC-B and OC-S) were developed based on the assessment of design and operational parameters of electric buses and economic parameters of the system "city electric bus - necessary infrastructure". Originality. The method of the analysis of technical perfection of city electric buses of various types which sketch projects are developed on the basis of application of the principle "under other identical conditions", that is, maintenance of the maximum identity of their designs is offered. Practical value. The choice of the type of city electric bus for the design of promising competitive structures that are most suitable for use in urban passenger transport systems at this stage of economic development of Ukraine.

Analysis of the change in the number of passenger seats of urban passenger transport depending on the gravity function

Current conditions for ensuring the implementation of urban mobility plans require high-quality functioning of urban passenger transport systems considering the minimising travel time and increasing travel comfort, as these factors affect passenger fatigue and their productivity during the working day. The study of changes indicators of the public transport system functioning from the gravity function is carried out in this paper, and the results of these studies are given. Based on the surveys of Lviv residents, the distribution of trips by public transport, private transport and taxis was carried out. It is determined that most often city residents use public transport (the share of such trips is 67% of all movements made by transport). An approach has been developed to determine the number of public transport vehicles depending on their capacity through the total number of passenger seats taking into account this distribution. This approach allows determining the required number of vehicles on the route and using different vehicles by their capacity depending on the passenger flow on the route to ensure the comfort of the trip. Based on this, the analysis of the change in the total number of passenger seats from the indicator of the gravity function for vehicles of different capacities is carried out. In addition, an analysis of the regularities of changes in the number of passenger seats for different by capacity vehicles is carried out, and mathematical models of these regularities are developed. It is determined that at low values of indicator of the gravity function, there is a need for large capacity vehicles, while with the increase in this indicator, the demand for small and medium capacity vehicles increases from 34% to 52%. The developed mathematical models can be used for practical justification of the required number of vehicles on the route, taking into account their capacity to ensure the comfortable movement of passengers on the routes of urban passenger transport.

Аналіз стану сучасної наукової думки до питання організації перевезень пасажирів різними видами транспорту

The scientific research is carried out on the issue of determining current global trends in approaches to the organization of passenger transportation in the operation of various types of transport. The latest publications reflecting the study of the process of passenger transportation by routes of various types of communication were taken into account. It is established that scientists identify many tasks and problems in the organization of passenger transportation. These tasks include determining vehicle schedules, protecting passengers 'health while driving, ensuring certain conditions for passengers' comfort before flights start, and many others. Problematic issues include, among other things, the following: driving time, the quality and impact of Station service, the organization of interaction between Station service vehicles, the safety component of the transportation process, determining the impact of service comfort when determining the method of transportation, and others. From the analysis, it is determined that the issue of passenger organization is relevant and is being studied for the processes of passenger transportation from urban to intercontinental routes, and such issues are relevant for all types of transport. It can be noted that the issues of Ecology and passenger Health Protection have recently gained popularity and are considered by scientists when studying the conditions of passengers ' stay in the cabin when receiving transportation services. To a large extent, recently the attention of scientists has been drawn to the issue of establishing the comfort of passenger service before traveling at the stages of booking/buying tickets, waiting for a flight on the territories of airports or railway stations. An opinion is expressed about the influence of such comfort on the subconscious decision-making of passengers in determining the method of Transportation. It is noted that the level of Organization of passenger service is a significant factor in planning the station load. Based on the results of the literature analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: the issues of organizing passenger transportation are relevant, the study of the integrated functioning of the passenger transportation system is relevant and implemented by modeling such processes, mathematical, computer and other simulation models are used in such simulations. When conducting computer simulations, among other things, resistance factors determine the time and comfort of riding.

The impact of improved passenger transport system on manufacturing plant productivity

In this paper, we examine the effect of transportation infrastructure on the productivity of manufacturing plants. In particular, we analyze whether improved passenger transportation connections to metropolitan cities positively affect manufacturing plant productivity in peripheral regions. The introduction of the Korea Train eXpress (KTX) high-speed train in 2004 allows us to examine the impact of improved passenger transport. Applying a difference-in-differences framework to plant-level data, we examine whether the productivity of manufacturing plants in counties with high-speed train stations improves more than that in counties without high-speed train stations after the KTX introduction. The results suggest an increase of approximately 5 percent in the productivity of manufacturing plants due to the introduction of the high-speed rail.

Crimes of accommodation: a criminological grounding for road traffic violations among minibus drivers in Africa

ABSTRACT The paper bridges the gap in criminological research on the impact of work systems and conditions on working-class drivers’ commitment to road traffic laws in Africa. Drawing on interviews and focus group discussions with ‘Tro-Tro’ drivers in Ghana, the study shows that, while unquestionably concerning, transgressive driving behaviors (e.g. over-speeding, and dangerous overtaking) are necessary for minibus drivers to cope with the adversities structurally embedded in the power relations that surround, structure, and organize their work. This finding belies the long-standing media and policy narrative which attributes the transgressive behaviors to the drivers themselves (e.g. their unruliness and indiscipline). Approaching risky driving practices among minibus drivers against the backdrop of the power relations underlying the sociotechnical commercial passenger transport system in which they operate opens avenues for more effective countermeasures. The paper hopes to stimulate the further application of criminological theories to model and address road transport problems in Africa.

Optimization of Timetables on the Bratislava–Žilina–Košice Route in the Period after the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Quality and efficient long-distance transport as a key system of public passenger transport could be the basis for the national and international comprehensive integrated transport system. Especially due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease, the demand for long-distance transport has significantly decreased since March 2020 in the Slovak Republic on the busiest long-distance line Bratislava–Žilina–Košice. It is, therefore, necessary to propose various measures in order to increase this demand and bring passenger frequencies to at least the level of values before this period. This paper analyzes the impact of the measures on passenger frequencies in 2020, examining the amount of their fall in individual months of the first half of the year 2020 on the long-distance route Bratislava–Žilina–Košice. Furthermore, the paper deals with the long-term concept of national long-distance passenger rail transport on the mentioned line in the period after the end of the pandemic. It uses scientific methods enabling to rationalize and optimize current train timetables. The benefits of these proposals will be to offer passengers better transport services, with their frequencies expected to increase in the coming years.