Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Analyzing Urban Residents’ Appraisal of Ridepooling Service Attributes with Conjoint Analysis

Public ridepooling systems could contribute to the reduction of traffic volume and emissions in cities by decreasing the number of rides by private car while increasing the average number of passengers per vehicle. Yet, it is unknown how urban travelers value different attributes of the ridepooling’s operational concept. Which characteristics of ridepooling concepts are most important to the users? In order to obtain a deeper understanding of travelers’ preferences concerning a ridepooling system, choice-based Conjoint Analysis was performed. Based on a literature review and a focus group, six relevant attributes of the operational concept of ridepooling systems were determined: fare, walking distance, time of booking, shift of departure time, travel time, and information provision. Data from 237 German city dwellers were analyzed with the help of Cox regression. Except for time of booking, all service attributes significantly affected the respondents’ choice. Besides the high relevance of fare, the results underline the particular importance of the attribute walking distance to the pick-up point for elderly. The results give guidance for the creation of user-centered public transport systems that meet the requirements of the prospective passengers and thus might contribute to the development of shared passenger transport systems for sustainable urban mobility.

Exploring the effects of economic crisis in road transport: The case of Greece

Abstract The transport sector is closely related to the economy of a country. This mainly applies to urban areas, which play an essential economic role in a country’s GDP. According to the EC’s Green Paper 2007 for urban mobility, approximately 1% of the EU’s GDP is annually lost due to the increased passenger and freight flow demands in city centres and its consequent impacts (e.g. pollution, delay, etc.). Since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008 the economies of many countries were affected and their transport sectors encountered a serious decline. On this basis, the principal aim of this paper is to explore the extent of the economic recession to the Greek passenger and freight road transport system. European transport data is exploited to compare the trends between the Greek transport system and the average European one. The analysis determines the key elements that influence road transport focusing on freight and passenger movement by identifying potential relationships between transport performance and socioeconomic factors.

Analysis of residents' travel characteristics along Beijing rail transit line based on binary choice model

From ancient to modern times, in the historical process of urban development, urban transportation has been developing along with the development of the city's political, economic and cultural industries, and the relationship between each other has always been a topic constantly discussed by planning scholars. The development of urban transportation promotes the urban population gathering and industrial development, and promotes the development of urban geographical space. At the same time, it also brings endless convenience to urban residents, so that they can complete the displacement from the beginning to the destination with relatively low cost. However, with the rapid development of urban scale and the rapid growth of urban population, the problems of traffic congestion and land resource shortage in big cities of China seriously restrict the improvement of the quality of life of residents and the further development of the city. In this context, compact city is the inevitable choice for future urban development, while the transportation system supporting compact city form can only be public transportation. As a high-volume, efficient and rapid public transport mode, rail transit can not only solve the traffic congestion problem in high-density areas of cities, but also optimize the development and utilization of urban land and adjust the urban spatial layout, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of cities. The network of rail transit in Beijing becomes the backbone of public passenger transport system, and play an irreplaceable role in guiding the urban space layout adjustment, population migration and the transformation of traffic structure. The study of travel characteristics of the residents who live along the rail transit, in-depth analysis the relationship of the rail transit, the population migration and commuter travel, it is of great significance providing decision support for urban planning. Based on binary choice model, establishing the residents' travel choice model, rail transit impact model of different crowds. Study the relationship between rail transit and residents' travel characteristics, predict the rail transit to guide the trend of population migration.

The analysis of urban taxi carpooling impact from taxi GPS data

Taxi is an important part of urban passenger transportation system. The research and analysis of taxi trip behavior is the key to meet the demand of urban passenger transport and solve the traffic congestion problem. Based on the GPS data of taxis in Nanjing, the statistical method is used to analyze the taxi characteristics of the average number of passengers, the average passenger time, the no-load distance and the passenger distance. By using the double logarithmic coordinate, the trip distance and trip time of taxi passengers are analyzed, it is found that the average trip distance of taxi passengers is mainly concentrated in 3-20km, and the average trip time of taxi passengers is mainly concentrated in 10-30 minutes. Using the information entropy theory to construct the equilibrium model of taxi passenger-carrying point, and analyze the spatial distribution of taxi, it is found that the distribution of urban taxi is unbalanced. The peak clustering algorithm is used to determine the location of passenger gathering points, and the hot spot of taxi trip is analyzed, it is found that the hot spots of taxi trip are mainly concentrated in the central city of Nanjing. Combined with the results of urban taxi trip analysis, from the perspective of taxi and passenger, we found that the number of urban taxis, the passenger carrying rate of taxis, the duration period of passenger trip, the duration and distance of passenger trip and the location of passenger trip points will have an impact on the urban taxi carpooling in Nanjing. By using the probability model of urban taxi carpooling, this paper discusses and analyzes the influence of these factors on urban taxi carpooling. The research in this paper can provide a reference for the effective implementation of urban taxi carpooling policy.

Development of Rational Rail Network Topology for High-Speed and Conventional Trains Based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization

Development of projects on higher speeds of passenger trains on the world railways requires investigation into the balanced combination of routes for high-speed and conventional trains considering railway network topology. The objective of the study is consideration of railway network peculiarities regarding transportation demand by designing a mathematical model to find an optimal passenger train flow distribution. In order to formalize the process of a simultaneous search for the rail passenger network topology and determination of the most probable distribution within the formed train flow network for high-speed and conventional trains it has been proposed to use a criterion as a system entropy adapted to the rail passenger-oriented transportation. The concept of entropy is based on isomorphism in systems, which allows monitoring and implementing the link between a micro and macro level in the passenger transportation system. To solve the mathematical model the authors have used an optimization method based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO). The implementation of the mathematical model based on BFO will make it possible to theoretically substantiate the efficiency of existing and promising projects on higher speeds of passenger trains on the rail transport regarding adaptation of the network topology to transportation demand.

Highway Passenger Travel Demand Forecasting Incorporating Relationships among Travel Modes

Highway passenger travel demand forecasting provides an important basis for travel planning. Considering the relationships among travel modes (highway, railway, and aviation) is necessary to accurately predict travel demand. On the basis of such relationships, influencing factors, including population, gross regional product, highway kilometers, high-speed rail construction, and aviation facility accessibility, are selected to construct a dummy variable model for forecasting highway passenger travel demand. On the basis of the chosen dummy variables (high-speed rail construction and aviation facility accessibility), model formation includes the following four conditions:no high-speed rail construction and low aviation facility accessibility; high-speed rail construction and low aviation facility accessibility; no high-speed rail construction and high aviation facility accessibility; and high-speed rail construction and high aviation facility accessibility. We measure these conditions using panel data at the city and provincial levels of China for the years 2000-2014. The error analysis between the forecasting results and accurate data collection at the National Bureau of Statistics of China verify that the model formation is correct. Results show the travel demand differences under various conditions. The elasticity coefficients among the influencing factors of travel demand explain the co-opetition relationships among travel modes. These results provide valuable guidance to the sustainable development of a passenger transportation system.

A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

Analysis of the power quality impact in power supply system of Urban railway passenger transportation – the city of Ulaanbaatar

The urgency and expediency of additional passenger transportation by urban railway as an extension of the transport infrastructure of megacities has been proved. The fact that the urban railway uses AC 2x25 kV, which is uses to out of the three phases of city’s power supply system negatively impacts. Thus, it creates a significant asymmetry. In this paper, a comparative analysis on the negative sequence component of the voltage unbalance, which occurs in the nodes of connection of traction substations through both a three-phase transformer or a Scott transformer are been carried out. A mathematical method was created for determining the negative sequence voltage unbalance factor is based on the phase coordinates and symmetrical components methods. The results show that the Scott transformer provides a more symmetrical load distribution to the three-phase electric grid, when compared to the three-phase transformer and was verified using a simulated model in the Matlab program. Consequently, the use of a Scott transformer has better symmetrising abilities than a three-phase transformer, which gives it a significant advantage in the traction power systems.

ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS’ SATISFACTION USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT: BELGRADE CASE STUDY

This paper presents a case study using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to identify urban public transport users’ needs and requests and to improve service quality in urban public passenger transport in Belgrade. In order to determine users’ satisfaction, a direct interview – survey a sample of 15000 of urban public passenger transport system users, according to the defined questionnaire has been performed. Results of these interviews are used as input in the first stage of QFD method. An overall unit of eight features and a total of 48 sub-features were defined, which describes all aspects of quality of system and services in urban public passenger transport. The results show that for maximizing effects of quality of service improvement and satisfying customers’ requirements, the public transport service providers and managers in Belgrade should focus primarily on the service reliability and vehicle elements. The two most important quality of service sub-features in urban public passenger transport system in Belgrade based on frequency of statements of users was regularity with 4896 (32.64%) and vehicle comfort (not crowded vehicles) with 3446 (22.97%) statements. Based on the service features analysis within the house of quality, it was defined that the biggest influence is generated through system functioning parameters (reliability): frequency with relative importance 22.0%, staff (drivers) with relative importance 14.0% and headway with relative importance 13.0%. Based on absolute importance the greatest importance should be assigned to vehicle frequency – rank 1, staff (drivers) – rank 2 and headway – rank 3.

Innovations as Part of the Digitalisation of Passenger Transport System

The transport system is an important sector in economies, both in terms of its own share of gross national product and in its role as a presupplier, prime location and facilitator of private and occupational mobility. Like other industries, the transport system is subject to changes in technological trends, especially with regards to digitalisation. When analysing the forms and effects of digitalisation, one may be overwhelmed by the multitude of terms, such as: Industry 4.0, Physical Internet, Internet of Things, Radical Innovation, New Business Models and Digital Transformation. These terms are often interpreted in different ways because they have been specifically designed for agenda setting and thus for the enforcement of the individual interests of consultants, researchers and industries. And while transport has high hopes for digitalisation, it doesn’t necessarily apply to all parameters of the transport system. There are several relevant issues to consider including the extent to which digitalisation affects the traffic supply and demand and whether this will lead to an increase or decrease in traffic movements.

Development of a polyfunctional structure of transport hubs in Smart City

The development of the of transport hubs system, as a part of the urban passenger transport system, is one of the most important areas of urban development in large cities. Without observing these principles, the development of new kinds of cities – Smart Cities – is impossible. In this article the question of formation of a polyfunctional structure of transport hubs is considered. The issue of allocation of building volumes for various functional purposes within the hub is included in a range of topical problems of urban development. In the study presented by this article, a factor stochastic analysis was used. The relationship between various independent factors determining the operation of the transport hub, as well as the indices of the volume of development of various functional purposes, placed in the structure of the hub, was investigated. The analysis was carried out in order to reduce the number of factors considered and identify the most significant ones. All of the considered indicators are measurable on a metric level. The present study is the stage of a correlation-regression analysis. In the future, it is planned to supplement this study by analyzing the factors measured (allocated) at a qualitative level with the purpose of scientific and methodological justification of the formation of transport hubs in Smart City.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЮ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ШВИДКІСНИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

It is proved that the main criterion for assessing the quality of passenger service in high-speed rail communication is the time spent on a trip. It is established that the quality of transport services for passengers of high-speed rail transport is defined as a set of properties of the transport process and passenger transportation system. It was revealed that logistics management methods are most effective in the process of moving passengers. The basic stages of introduction of logistic technologies on railway transport are substantiated. It is proposed to create pools or clusters that combine the activities of railway companies on international routes. Three levels of logistics chain maintenance of passengers of high-speed rail transport are considered. It has been established that the model of strategic management of high-speed passenger rail transport should be based on political and social goals; formation of a list of factors influencing the choice of passenger transportation route; the calculations of the necessary resources, their coordination with the existing and the definition of the trajectory of the development of the logistics system. It is proved that the key point of logistics is the development of ways to increase the efficiency of the use of transportation capacity and traffic without compromising their punctuality. Logistic approach to any aspect of logistics management of the company and the planning of any event should be in the system approach. Logistic cooperation between travel agencies and railway companies should be based both on co-ordination of high-speed rail travel of tourists, and on cooperation in the process of realization of railway tickets (for tourists and other passengers). The criterion for assessing the level of interaction between all parts of the logistics chain for the servicing of passenger traffic should be the provision of services efficient in terms of costs in a way and to ensure the requirements of passengers. It is proved that the main factor contributing to the application of logistics methods in railway transport is the globalization of the world (continental) market of rail high-speed transport.

Transport and geographical position of Leningrad - St. Petersburg in the passenger transportation system

Transport and geographical position of Leningrad - St. Petersburg in the passenger transportation system

APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM OF OPTIMIZATION DURING THE PROCESS OF URBAN PASSENGER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

The paper proposes a generalized logistic model of the urban passenger transportation system, and on its basis, there has been developed a modified model that allows for determining a set of organizational and economic indicators in each state of a system. To solve the optimization problem of the transportation process system under conditions of dynamically changing passenger traffic flows, there has been justified searching for a balance between the effectiveness and quality of solutions due to the «survival of the strongest alternative solutions» y to earn system of operational control buses on the route. There has been proven the advantage of using genetic algorithm to optimize the processes of organizing and managing the system of urban passenger transport with the aim of maximizing the profits of an enterprise at minimal cost.

Position of railway passenger transport companies on current liberalized transport market

Market liberalization is a great contemporary trend in many fields of economy. Liberalized transport market, where the transport demand is meeting with transport offer, is evolving dynamically. Private railway passenger operators want to increase their market share together with national railway passenger transport companies therefore the quality of passenger transportation is getting higher, which positively influences the attractiveness of railway passenger transport. The article is focused on these current trends of liberalization in railway passenger transport market. From operational and economical point of view, there are described some ways, how to make the railway passenger transport system more effective and make the entire transport system more attractive for traveling public.

A method of mathematical modeling for transfer hub establishment in Saint Petersburg

Abstract Nowadays, it is almost impossible to design and forecast (plan) operation of transportation systems without mathematical modeling tools and special software. The paper discusses comparison and application of mathematical modeling methods in Russia and abroad for functional and spatial development of cities in the transport and urban-planning field. A method for choosing transfer hub locations in the city plan, based on the developed mathematical model, is proposed. Under the conditions of suburbanization of large agglomerations, development of a more comfortable passenger transportation system can decrease the automobilization level in the long view. The system of transfer hubs involving transport with large carrying capacity (rail transport) represents the basis for development of a larger and more sophisticated transportation system attractive for people of various social classes. When choosing transfer hubs, it is suggested to take into account subway/railway station stability and demand (given the existing population displacement) based on a comparative analysis of modeling results where modeling involved artificial delays for entrance. The modeling was conducted using a software suite developed by the Saint Petersburg R&D and Design Institute for Urban Planning and Saint Petersburg Institute for Economics and Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on the experiment results, it is possible to classify stations using the proposed factor of delay value impact on the transfer passenger flow. The value of factors for delay value impact on the transfer passenger flow can be used as one of the factors for prioritizing transfer hub establishment.

Transport modes junction in an airport

The paper tries to improve the multimodal passenger transport system. The growing demand for mobility has led to the need of finding ways to deal with it. The Authorities should focus on providing an attractive public transport which implies a public transport with sufficient transport capacity and with announced and correlated transport schedules.Transfer time is one of the most important service quality indicator for evaluating intermodal transit system.The paper is making available to decision-makers from transport domain a methodology for correlating both transport capacities and transport schedules, exemplifying it on a case study in Henri Coanda airport.To increase the airport accessibility, the airport Authority depends on other involved organizations like: urban and regional public transport companies; taxi operators; rental car companies etc. The transport options for air passengers from/to home to/from Henri Coanda Airport are: individual long distance modes (private vehicle, taxi); collective long distance modes (bus transport). The paper presents the correlation of transport capacities and transport schedules in Henri Coanda airport considering the air traveler passengers flow

Management of quality and security level of transportation in the system of regular passenger motor transport

Abstract The article substantiates quality indices with regard to road passenger transportation, based on the regulatory and technical documents and experts’ evaluation. The quantitative assessment of transportation quality indices is given on the basis of ranked answers of passengers to questionnaire questions (in percentage), and the value of the integrated index of rod passenger transportation is determined on the example of Ulyanovsk. Actions within the framework of the program for the enhancement of the urban road passenger transportation system safety are described including measures for improvement of the public transport traffic organization and safety.

Public Service Obligation System Principles

This paper tries to model the public passenger transport system in the railroad traffic from the aspect of the PSO obligation – the Public Transport Obligations, defined by a Regulation enacted by the state level of authority, in accordance with the EU Parliament Regulation 1370/2007/EC. The paper focuses on the aims of the Regulation which regulate the PSO principles, system financing, compensation and subsidies systems. It also establishes the conditions and trends in EU countries. There is also stress about the structure of expenses and income in the exploitation process in relation to the need for subsidies by local authorities for the transport of passengers

A STRATEGIC MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE CITY OF ZAGREB AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA

The European Union is trying to strengthen economic, social, and territorial cohesion of certain regions in order to improve the quality of life for its residents. The key part of that process is improving the urban and regional mobility, which is essential for a modern living standard of the residents in those areas. This paper discusses the attitudes and documents of the EU that encourage sustainable urban and regional mobility through the development and use of public transport networks as a part of the regional, urban and suburban transport in larger cities. Special emphasis is placed on Master plans for transport development in cities, counties and functional regions, which serve as initial and strategic points for launching further transport projects. Co-funding of the design documentation of the Master plans is encouraged, as well as carrying out projects of sustainable urban and regional mobility through EU operational programmes. A case of an integrated passenger transport system and shipping tariff in the City of Zagreb, Zagreb county, and Krapina-Zagorje county was analysed.