Parts Of Plant Body Research Articles

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Bariumplants Pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Kelas IV SDN Kamal 1

The purpose of this study was to develop bariumplants media that was valid, effective, and interesting for Class IV Science Science subjects at SDN Kamal 1. The subjects of this study were 3 grade IV students in small group trials, 24 students in field trials. The results showed that: 1) the average validity results from media expert validators, learning device design, learning materials were 87.6% with a very valid category. 2) the results of the effectiveness test were obtained through observing the teacher's activities, obtaining a percentage, namely 90% small group trials and 95% field trials. Observing student activities obtained percentages, namely 95% small group trials and 93.75% field trials. As well as student learning outcomes tests obtained by 24 students who were declared complete with scores above KKM 65 and classically student learning completeness obtained a percentage of 100% complete. 3) the results of the attractiveness test were obtained through a student response questionnaire in the small group test obtained 97.7% and the field test obtained 99.1% with a very interesting category. Based on the results of the research, the bariumplants media showed very valid, very effective, and very interesting criteria so that it could be used in science subjects Chapter 1 Plants are the Source of Life on Earth, Topic A Parts of Plant Body in class IV SDN Kamal 1.

Phytolith profile of Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi (Cynodonteae, Chloridoideae, Poaceae).

Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne. ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi of the subfamily Chloridoideae of the family Poaceae is an economically important grass species. Grasses are characterized by deposits of silica in the cells or tissues in the form of phytoliths which protect them from various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Owing to variable shape and specificity of morphotypes, phytolith helps in taxonomical studies, reconstruction of paleoenvironments and prediction of climate changes. The present study focussed on developing a phytolith profile of the selected species. For isolation of phytolith, Dry Ashing Method was employed, and by epidermal peeling, in-situ location of phytoliths was deciphered. In the present study, silica percentage was studied from different parts of the plant and the maximum amount was found in the leaf. Frequency and morphometric data of phytolith morphotypes from different parts of the plants were also collected and analyzed. The strongest correlation was found between phytolith types of root and culm by Pearson's correlation coefficient supported by cluster analysis. The saddle type of phytoliths had the highest frequency in the leaf; other types of phytoliths in different parts of the plant were bilobate, blocky types, elongate types, trapezoids, triangular, cross, sinuate elongate, tabular types, globular types. Functional groups and amorphous polymorphic phases of silica were also analyzed by FTIR and XRD. It was concluded that phytolith types are controlled by parts of plant body and by anatomical and environmental factors.

Extracellular Production of Pectinase from Bacteria Isolated from Rotten Apples from Lahore, Pakistan

Pectins are intricate blends of polysaccharides which make up around 33% of plantcell wall. Despite of their presence in the greater part of plant body and in other sources, commercial production of pectin is extremely difficult. This is a systematic study that aimed to produce pectinase from bacterial species isolated from rotten apple samples. Zymography and enzyme assay through DNS method were performed to check the pectinolytic activity of bacteria isolated from rotten apple samples. Of all five bacterial species (Serratia marcescens, Klebseilla pneumoniea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) maximum enzyme concentration was showed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it was 6.2 U/mL. The major achievement of this study was to screen out the most efficient pectinases producing isolate of Serratia marcescens from rotten apples that has never been reported to produce pectinase, previously.

分光反射特性を利用した植物体各部の識別のための波長帯域の選定

分光反射特性を利用した植物体各部の識別のための波長帯域の選定

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE pH VALUE OF THE PRESSED SAP AND THE CELL. : Studies on the Physico-chemical Natures of the Protoplasm of Crop Plant Cells. I.

Hitherto, the pH values of plants were used to be represented by the one of the pressed sap of them. In the present paper, it is discussed what does the pH values of the pressed sap show. We, thus, found that the pH values of the pressed sap, the tissue fluid and the cell sap (vacuole) from the same part of plant body were different. Accordingly, the pH values of the pressed sap do not usually signify the one of the cell sap. We, therefore, must directly inquire into the pH values of the cell, if we wish to obtain the pH value of the particular part of the plant body.

Varietal Types of Adaptation for Drought in Rice Plant

The mode of adaptation for drought environmental conditions in rice plant, very complicated by nature as it may be, seems to admit classification into many theoretical types in regard to its physiological characteristics. Among these characteristics, the response of the plant in changing its sap concentration according to the variation of soil moisture or that of concentration of culture solution; mutual transmitting effect of it among parts of plant body; the optimum degree of concentration of culture solutions for the plant growth and its seasonal variation; morphological changes in plant caused by various concentrations, or the general hardening process brought on by restricting water-supply of the soil, etc. may be considered especially of great significance. According to the results of the author's investigations reported in the present paper, combined with those of his preceding works, he is of opinion that these various features of drought adaptation of rice plant may be compositely manifested to a degree by somewhat a simple morphological criterion, that is, the ratio of the height of the plant grown in non-saturated conditions of soil to the height in water-saturated conditions of it-the relative height of plant in conditions against that in ones-say, R. H. u. to l. in abreviation; and the changes in the latter when experimentally cultured will duely be used as a very convenient diagnostic of drought adaptability of rice plant, just as has already been shown by the same author in his preceeding reports. The main results of the present report are summarized as follows. 1) According to the results of water culture experiments with several rice varieties, the optimum concentration of culture solution differed with the variety, and within each variety, it changed with stages in growth process. 2) Adapting response in the osmotic pressure of sap is very different with the variety. In the case of Kaneko variety, a variety of upland rice, for example, the pressure both in leaves and roots changed with certain rythms in harmony with the concentration of the culture solution; while the other varieties used showed the pressure in each own way and were found almost independent on that of culture solutions. The author is to give the name Poikilohydre-Pflanzen-type to the former mode of adaptation, and the name Homoiohydre Pflanzen-type to the latter one. 3) Relation of sap concentration changes in the top of plant to those in the root was found various in its degree with the variety, and may be very significant for identification of the type of drought adaptation of the plant. 4) Intensity of morphological contraction of plant caused by high concentration of culture solution was graded into about four classes. In the experiments, the variety Shinagawa, a typical lowland variety, contracted most remarkably; some other varieties of lowland rice showed contraction of intermediate degrees; and among upland rices these were found no variety which contracted so markedly as the lowland ones. 5) The osmotic pressure of plant sap increased as a rule when the plant is cultivated in upland conditions as compared with when in lowland condition; the difference between them of these two cases varies, however, with the type of the variety. Certain upland varieties showed very large differences of concentration as much as about 50 per cent, and may be called Euryhydre Pflanzen (WALTER)-type, while some lowland varieties showed rather narrower difference as less than 10 per cent only and may be called Stenohydre Pflanzen (WALTER)-type. 6) In the experiments on artificial drought by restricting water supply of soil, the hardening processes were observed to consist in two different kinds of adaptation. The first one was chiefly the adaptation by osmotic pressure change, and the second by protoplasmic construction changes. [the rest omitted]