Partition Line Research Articles

High-Resolution Rovibronic Cross Sections of the MgH+ Molecular Cation.

The high-resolution rovibronic line lists of the MgH+ molecular cation are presented in our work. The potential energy curves are calculated by the method of multireference configuration interaction and Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) with the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. Spectroscopy constants are fitted and the results are in good agreement with experiments, ensuring the accuracy of the electronic structure. On account of potential energy curves and transition dipole moments, the Franck-Condon factors and Einstein coefficients of transition are obtained. These calculations are used to obtain an accurate partition functions and line lists for molecules. Using the partition functions and line lists, the absorption cross-sections under different temperatures and pressures were simulated. Our work could provide some theoretical insights into solar and cold planet spectrum.

Partition line graphs of multigraphs into two subgraphs with large chromatic numbers

Wang and Yu (2022) prove an enhanced version of the Erdős–Lovász Tihany conjecture for line graphs of multigraphs. That is, let s,t and ℓ be arbitrary integers with t≥s≥3.5ℓ+2, ℓ≥0. If the line graph L(G) of some multigraph G has chromatic number s+t−1>ω(L(G)), then there is a partition (S,T) of the vertex set V(L(G)) such that χ(L(G)[S])≥s and χ(L(G)[T])≥t+ℓ. In this paper, for integers s and t with t≥s≥7, we prove that for each line graph L(G) with χ(L(G))=s+t−1≥ω(L(G)), there is a partition (S,T) of the vertex set V(L(G)) such that χ(L(G)[S])≥s and χ(L(G)[T])≥t+2, which slightly improves the recent result of Wang and Yu (2022) for ℓ=2.

How do international borders affect conflict processes? Evidence from the end of Mandate Palestine

Rebels can comply with international law during a conflict by not violating international borders, yet strategic goals may incentivize rebels to violate these borders. When do international borders affect the spatial and temporal distribution of rebel activity in a conflict setting? I theorize rebels have an incentive to refrain from violating borders when doing so will reduce their international legitimacy. When international legitimacy is a less important goal, rebels will be more likely to violate borders. I test this claim in the context of the 1948 War in Mandate Palestine by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment in how the 1947 UN partition line was drawn. Using an original dataset on over 1,000 Palestinian villages from British colonial documents and an atlas of aerial photographs of Palestine, I use a geographic regression discontinuity design to see how the UN partition line affected the location and timing of depopulated villages during the war. The results show that villages in areas that the UN assigned to the future Israeli state as part of the 1947 partition plan were more likely to be conquered before Israel received recognition. These findings have important implications for understanding where and when rebels target areas and shed new light on important dynamics of the 1948 War in Palestine.

Bariatric Surgery Induced Changes in Blood Cholesterol Are Modulated by Vitamin D Status.

The effect of metabolically active bariatric surgery treatment on lipid metabolism is inconclusive. The authors of this study presume that initial vitamin D status may play a regulating role in influencing the beneficial post-effects of bariatric surgery, especially the lipid profile. The biochemical data obtained from 24 patients who had undergone laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) at baseline, 3 months before the surgery, at the time of surgery, and 6 months later, demonstrate that vitamin D status influenced the postoperative lipid profile. The baseline established the partition line which divided patients into two groups according to the stated calcidiol initial concentration level of 32 ng/mL. The data shows that OAGB induces a decrease in TG and hsCRP while increasing HDL. Conversely, in patients whose 25(OH)D3 was below 32 ng/mL TC significantly increased while those above this concentration remained in the normal physiological range. The changes induced by OAGB in TG, glucose, and hsCRP were similar in both groups. Unexpectedly, the surgery did not affect vitamin D metabolites. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that a higher concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 may enhance the protective effects of OAGB.

Slicing Algorithm and Partition Scanning Strategy for 3D Printing Based on GPU Parallel Computing.

Aiming at the problems of over stacking, warping deformation and rapid adjustment of layer thickness in electron beam additive manufacturing, the 3D printing slicing algorithm and partition scanning strategy for numerical control systems are studied. The GPU (graphics processing unit) is used to slice the 3D model, and the STL (stereolithography) file is calculated in parallel according to the normal vector and the vertex coordinates. The voxel information of the specified layer is dynamically obtained by adjusting the projection matrix to the slice height. The MS (marching squares) algorithm is used to extract the coordinate sequence of the binary image, and the ordered contour coordinates are output. In order to avoid shaking of the electron gun when the numerical control system is forming the microsegment straight line, and reduce metal overcrowding in the continuous curve C0, the NURBS (non-uniform rational b-splines) basis function is used to perform curve interpolation on the contour data. Aiming at the deformation problem of large block components in the forming process, a hexagonal partition and parallel line variable angle scanning technology is adopted, and an effective temperature and deformation control strategy is formed according to the European-distance planning scan order of each partition. The results show that the NURBS segmentation fits closer to the original polysurface cut line, and the error is reduced by 34.2% compared with the STL file slice data. As the number of triangular patches increases, the algorithm exhibits higher efficiency, STL files with 1,483,132 facets can be cut into 4488 layers in 89 s. The slicing algorithm involved in this research can be used as a general data processing algorithm for additive manufacturing technology to reduce the waiting time of the contour extraction process. Combined with the partition strategy, it can provide new ideas for the dynamic adjustment of layer thickness and deformation control in the forming process of large parts.

Politics of Water Resource Management in the Indus River Basin: A Study of the Partition of Punjab

The British Government of India divided the Muslim majority province of Punjab into Eastern and Western Punjab. But the partition line was drawn in a manner that headworks remained in India and irrigated land in Pakistan. The partition of Punjab was not scheduled in the original plan of the division of India. Why was it partitioned? To answer this question, the study in the first instance tries to explore circumstances, reasons, and conspiracies which led to the partition of Punjab which led to the division of the canal irrigation system and secondly, the impact of partition on water resource management in the Indus River Basin. Descriptive, historical, and analytical methods of research have been used to draw a conclusion. The study highlights the mindset of Indian National Congress to cripple down the newly emerging state of Pakistan that became a root cause of the partition of Punjab. The paper also highlights why India stopped water flowing into Pakistan on 1st April 1948 and the analysis also covers details about the agreement of 4th May 1948 and its consequences for Pakistan.

Exploration of the material transfer effect in local loading forming of ultra-large-size integrated component with multi-rib

Isothermal local loading forming is a less-loading and flexible forging technology, which is promising to form the ultra-large-size integrated component with multi-rib by adopting small tonnage equipment. Due to the local loading characteristic, the material in the loading region can transfer into the unloading region in the transitional region. Identifying the affect region of the material transfer is important to control the material flow and obtain high-quality components under local loading way. In this work, the phenomena of the material transfer are explored and the boundaries of the transitional region are clarified. Firstly, the material transfer after each loading step is analyzed by displacement field and strain field based on finite element simulation of the ultra-large component. Meanwhile, the velocity vectors during each loading step are observed. Secondly, the variations of the material volume in different loading zones during each loading step are revealed. Subsequently, the change of material volume located far from the die partition line is analyzed. Furthermore, the induced forming problems by the material transfer effect, i.e., folding and additional strain, are elaborated. Finally, the boundaries between the transitional region and first/second loading zone are determined. The phenomena of the material transfer and the induced folding in the transitional region are verified using an eigenstructure with multi-rib by the FE simulation and physical simulation experiment.

The spatial competition between containerised rail and sea transport in Eurasia

The competition in space between rail and sea transport is of great significance to the integration of Eurasia. This paper proposes a land and sea transport spatial balance model for container transport, which can extract a partition line on which transport costs by rail and sea are equal given a destination. Four scenarios are discussed to analyse the effects of different factors on the model. Then the model is empirically tested on current rail and sea transport networks to identify the transport competition pattern in Eurasia. The location of destinations, the freight costs, and time costs are the three main factors affecting the model. Among them, time costs are determined by the value of a container and its contents, the interest rate, and by time differences between land and sea transport. The case study shows that Eurasia forms a transport competition pattern with a land area to sea area ratio of about 1:2; this ratio, however, changes to 1:1 when time costs are considered. Further, the land and sea transport balance lines are consistent with the theories of geopolitics, which indicate that the same processes may exist in the spatial pattern of geo-economics and geopolitics in Eurasia. According to the balance lines, we get a spatial partition, dividing Eurasia into the land transport preferred area, the land–sea transport indifference area, and the sea transport preferred area. The paper brings a new perspective to the exploration of geopolitical economic spatial patterns of Eurasia and provides a practical geographic theory as an analytic basis for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Effect of dangerous source on evacuation dynamics in pedestrian counter flow

The modeling of evacuation dynamics under a sudden dangerous source is an important and interesting topic in pedestrian counter flow. In this paper, an extended cellular automata model is proposed to simulate pedestrian evacuation in a channel by considering the sudden dangerous source effect, in which the concept of core radius and edge radius of dangerous source are introduced to quantitatively reflect the magnitude of the dangerous source. The parameter of influence power of pedestrian is firstly used to describe the propagation of danger information, and a new algorithm of calculating the optimal directions is presented to reflect the decisions-making behavior of pedestrian. The influences of the position, magnitude of the dangerous source and the influence power of pedestrian on evacuation process in the channel are investigated. And the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristic during the evacuation process is also discussed. The simulation results show that considering the propagation of danger information will reduce the total evacuation time considerably. Without the propagation of danger information, at the medium density, the evacuation efficiency is higher when the dangerous source is located at the side of the channel. However, at the high density, the shortest evacuation time appears when the dangerous source is located in the central partition line of the channel. Furthermore, the strength of influence power among pedestrians plays an important role on evacuation efficiency. In particular, there are important differences in the jamming mechanisms under different positions and magnitude of dangerous source.

Integración de Actuadores Hidráulicos para los Sistemas Secundarios de Moldeo y Liberación en Moldes de Inyección de Plástico

The manufacture of plastic products in the current markets demands the use of technologies that allow the molding of components with highly complex geometries and every time the time to manufacture is reduced. The presence of subsystems for the molding and release of negative structures increases the complexity of the mould, as well as the time required for the manufacture and adjust of the mould, since it is traditionally used mechanisms with angular pins. In this work the design of an injection mould is made for a component with negatives, which uses a system with actuator for the secondary molding and release of the negative structure according to the mould partition line. The mold is also design for the same component with the use of a secondary system of moulding totally mechanical and of conventional use. The analysis of the design and operation between a secondary mechanical molding system and a system with actuator for molding and releasing negative structures in plastic injection molds, alternative for reducing costs and times of Manufacturing.

There Are No More Places to Migrate To

This essay, written as narrative nonfiction, is the portion of an oral history interview with Kalyani Ray Chowdhury, who was born in 1929 in Chittagong (present-day Bangladesh), on what she recalls of her homeland in East Bengal. A few months prior to India's 1947 Partition into India and Pakistan by the British, Ray Chowdhury's family had been vacationing in the city of Patna. They were unable to travel back home to Mymensingh due to rising communal and political turmoil. When the Partition line was finally declared, they found themselves living life as refugees in Calcutta in West Bengal, while their home remained abandoned across the newly formed border in East Bengal. During the course of the interview, Ray Chowdhury also makes note of the nuanced distinctions in the culture and language of people from both sides of the Bengal border, and how conscious efforts had to be made on the part of her family to feel any sense of integration to their newly adopted home.

A Fast Rotating Partition Satellite Selection Algorithm Based on Equal Distribution of Sky

To achieve fast satellite selection for a multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), thereby reducing the burden on a receiver's processing element and the cost of hardware, and improving the utilisation ratio of receiver signal channels, the relationship between the number of satellites and Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP), the number of satellites selected and the computation time is analysed. A fast rotating partition algorithm for satellite selection based on equal distribution of the sky is proposed. The algorithm divides the satellite selection process into two parts: rough selection and detailed selection. Unhealthy satellites, according to a health identifier, and low elevation angle satellites with a large troposphere delay are eliminated during the rough selection process. During the detailed satellite selection process, the satellite sky is divided and rotated to match satellites based on the average angle distance between the satellite and central partition line. Static data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) station and dynamic data collected at China University of Mining and Technology were used to verify the algorithm, and the results demonstrated that an inverse matrix could be avoided to reduce computation complexity. Additionally, the new satellite selection algorithm has the merit that there is little effect on the computation when the selected satellites and number of satellites in the field increased. A single system of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and double system of GPS/Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) both passed the hypothesis test for each epoch. By including BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data, data utilisation increased to more than 95% using the rotating partition algorithm. Also, the GDOP and positioning performance of a rotating partition algorithm and an optimal Dilution Of Precision (DOP) algorithm are compared in this paper, and the analysis result shows that both of the algorithms have only a small difference of GDOP and have comparable positioning performance.

Bifurcation Patterns in Homogeneous Area-Preserving Piecewise-Linear Maps

The dynamical behavior of a family of planar continuous piecewise linear maps with two zones is analyzed. Assuming homogeneity and preservation of areas we obtain a canonical form with only two parameters: the traces of the two matrices defining the map. It is shown the existence of sausage-like structures made by lobes linked at the nodes of a nonuniform grid in the parameter plane. In each one of these structures, called resonance regions, the rotation number of the associated circle map is a given rational number. The boundary of the lobes and a significant inner partition line are studied with the help of some Fibonacci polynomials.

On sustainability, resilience, and the sustainable–resilient supply networks

Strategy focused supply chains, in general follow an evolutionary sequence as observed from literature. This evolutionary sequence extends from lean to green and to sustainable supply chains; as well as from agile to leagile and to resilient supply chains. In this research, the sequence of evolution of resilient and sustainable supply chains has been investigated with respect to the positioning of partition line in supply networks. Partition line, which is a point of separation of strategic objectives, can be sensibly positioned in a supply network to fetch the benefits of sustainability and resilience together. Aligning the objectives of sustainability and resilience in a supply network is explained through multiple case analyses of manufacturing networks. Case analysis, as elaborated in this research could help managers in matching and scrutinizing their supply networks by finding analogy of the pertinent case from the explicated model cases. Positioning the partition line in a supply network and assigning strategic objectives on either sides of it open insights into a new category of both sustainability and resilience oriented networks, which is the concept of discussion in the paper.

Water as Power: American Experts, Infrastructure Finance and the Spread of Private Property

This paper argues that the concept of water as a ‘resource’ enables an understanding of the spread of American technocratic expertise as deployed in the Indus basin. This development knowledge at the start of the post-colonial moment replaced the vacating empire of the Raj, with the emergence of Pakistan and India in 1947. The newly-minted World Bank, seeking credibility, became the vehicle for a large-scale, infrastructure-heavy, technocratic vision of water management and the development of dams in Pakistan, financed with international development assistance. Tying new nations to itself during the Cold War was critical to America and its development model focused on strengthening and expanding the reach of agricultural commodity markets in the largest contiguous irrigation network in the world – a system, that with the drawing of the boundary line, had been ripped asunder by the Partition award of a British civil servant. The Partition line that created the new states cut the irrigation canals from the precious source of their river waters. Into this calamity, America stepped in – to teach the new country what it knew from its development of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the marvel of the Imperial Valley of California. This work continues to the present with the Asian Development Bank becoming an additional conduit of international technical expertise and development finance. Using a critical natural resource enables us to understand the nature and pathways of the structural transformation taking place leading to an ever-expanding concept of the market and private property rights toward integration in global markets.

Application of three‐dimensional print in minor hepatectomy following liver partition between anterior and posterior sectors

Minor hepatectomy following liver partition between the right anterior and posterior sectors requires technical ingenuities. In such hepatectomy, we used three-dimensional (3D) print; therefore, our procedure was introduced. Digital segmentation of anatomical structures from multidetector-row computed tomography images utilized the original software 'PLUTO', which was developed by Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University. After changing the final segmentation data to the stereolithography files, 3D-printed liver at 70% scale was produced. The support material was washed and mould charge was removed from 3D-printed hepatic veins. The surface of 3D-printed model was abraded and coated with urethane resin paint. After natural drying, 3D-printed hepatic veins were coloured by injection of a dye. The 3D-printed portal veins were whitish because mould charge remained. All procedures after 3D printing were performed by hand work. A 3D-printed model of the right posterior sector and a 3D-printed model of other parenchyma were produced, respectively. Measuring the length between the main structures on the liver surface and the planned partition line on the 3D-printed model, land mark between the right anterior and posterior sectors on the real liver surface was produced with scale adjustment. Minor hepatectomy following liver partition between the right anterior and posterior sectors was performed referring to 3D-printed model. The planned liver partition and resection were successful. Application of 3D-printed liver to minor hepatectomy following liver partition between the right anterior and posterior sectors is easy and a suitable procedure.

Integration of grid maps in merged environments.

Natural environments are represented by local maps of grid cells and place cells that are stitched together. The manner by which transitions between map fragments are generated is unknown. We recorded grid cells while rats were trained in two rectangular compartments, A and B (each 1 m × 2 m), separated by a wall. Once distinct grid maps were established in each environment, we removed the partition and allowed the rat to explore the merged environment (2 m × 2 m). The grid patterns were largely retained along the distal walls of the box. Nearer the former partition line, individual grid fields changed location, resulting almost immediately in local spatial periodicity and continuity between the two original maps. Grid cells belonging to the same grid module retained phase relationships during the transformation. Thus, when environments are merged, grid fields reorganize rapidly to establish spatial periodicity in the area where the environments meet.

Unrecognized States: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Modern International System

The first time I travelled to Cyprus one late summer in the early 1990s, it was possible for foreigners to cross the partition line to the Island’s north only through one checkpoint in the capital,...

Whole-Condition Dynamic Alarm Research of Hydropower Unit Operating Parameters

Set the alarm value in the condition monitoring system of hydropower unit to monitor unit state parameters, if the difference between the two values exceeds the safety threshold, the alarm works, it is an effective method. Now the state parameters alarm values are set up mainly for the stable operation area in the unit condition monitoring system, which were not suit for low load conditions and in the process of load. To realize the full condition dynamic alarm of hydroelectric generating units, they are two ways: (1), build unit state parameter prediction model, compared predict values with the measured values. (2), set the alarm line, when the measured value exceeds the alarm line, the alarm works,. These two methods are considered the working condition head and output .This paper introduces several different alarm line settings, such as line alarm, partition line alarm, dynamic alarm curve and dynamic alarm surface.

Complexity Reduction and Performance Improvement for Geometry Partitioning in Video Coding

Geometry partitioning for video coding involves establishing a partition line boundary within each block-shaped region and applying motion-compensated prediction to the two sub-regions created by the partition line. This paper presents techniques for enhancing the effectiveness and reducing the complexity of geometry partitioning schemes. A texture-difference-based approach is described to simplify the process of selecting the partition lines. Applying this approach together with a described skipping strategy for blocks with uniform texture can achieve a 94% reduction of encoding time while retaining a similar rate-distortion (R-D) performance to the full-search partitioning approach, when implemented for wedge-based geometry partitioning (WGP) in the context of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC JM 16.2. A bit rate improvement of approximately 6% is shown relative to not using geometry partitioning. For further R-D improvement, we describe a background-compensated prediction scheme to reduce the number of overhead bits used for motion vectors. Additionally, for systems in which high-quality depth maps are available, we incorporate depth map usage into the described approaches to generate a more accurate partitioning. Using these approaches with object-boundary-based geometry partitioning can achieve about 9% bit rate savings relative to using WGP, while keeping a similar computational complexity to the described complexity-reduced WGP.