Particular Form Of Interaction Research Articles

Critical Exponents and Universality for Fractal Time Processes above the Upper Critical Dimensionality

We study the critical behaviors of systems undergoing fractal time processes above the upper critical dimension. We derive a set of novel critical exponents, irrespective of the order of the fractional time derivative or the particular form of interaction in the Hamiltonian. For fractal time processes, we not only discover new universality classes with a dimensional constant but also decompose the dangerous irrelevant variables to obtain corrections for critical dynamic behavior and static critical properties. This contrasts with the traditional theory of critical phenomena, which posits that static critical exponents are unrelated to the dynamical processes. Simulations of the Landau–Ginzburg model for fractal time processes and the Ising model with temporal long-range interactions both show good agreement with our set of critical exponents, verifying its universality. The discovery of this new universality class provides a method for examining whether a system is undergoing a fractal time process near the critical point.

Adaptive tracking control of an unmanned aerial system based on a dynamic neural-fuzzy disturbance estimator

The main goal of this study is developing an adaptive controller which can solve the trajectory tracking for a class of quadcopter unmanned aerial system (UAS), namely a quadrotor. The control design introduces a new paradigm for adaptive controllers based on the implementation of a set of differential neural networks (DNNs) in the consequence section of a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy inference system. This dynamic fuzzy inference structure was used to approximate the UAS description. The particular form of interaction between neural networks and fuzzy inference systems proposed in the present work received the name of dynamic neural fuzzy system (DNFS). An adaptive controller based on this DNFS form was the main solution attained in this study. This DNFS controller was focused on the estimation and compensation of the uncertain section of the Quadrotor dynamics and then, forced the UAS to perform a hover flight while the tracking of desired angular positions succeeded, which results in tracking a desired trajectory in the X-Y plane. The control design methodology supported on the Lyapunov stability theory guaranteed ultimate boundedness of the estimation and tracking errors simultaneously. Several experimental tests in an outdoor environment by using a real Quadrotor platform was performed by using an RTK-GPS (Real Time Kinematic) system to determine the position of the vehicle in the X-Y plane. The experimental results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed algorithm based on the combination of DNNs and T–S techniques with respect to classical robust controllers.

Comparison of Wavelet and RID-Rihaczek Based Methods for Phase-Amplitude Coupling

Oscillatory phenomena and linear/nonlinear interactions across different oscillatory frequencies are commonly seen between the elements of complex systems. One particular form of interaction that is widely encountered is the modulation of the amplitude of broadband high-frequency oscillations by the phase of low-frequency oscillations, defined as phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Conventional methods for assessing PAC mostly rely on the Hilbert transform. Previous studies have shown that this method produces biased or spurious PAC estimates as it is highly dependent on the parameters of the bandpass filter used to extract narrowband signals from broadband signals. Recently, wavelet-based methods have been proposed to address some of these limitations. In this letter, we provide a thorough comparison between wavelet-based PAC measures and our recently introduced Reduced Interference Rihaczek (RID-Rihaczek) distribution based PAC both analytically and through simulations. The proposed method is shown to yield higher frequency resolution PAC estimates compared to wavelet-based methods.

The social part of the advanced biopsychosocial model. Part II: Some basics, concerning volumes instead of points and lines

The basic concept applied in the previous articles differs from present concepts of time and space and hence will be dealt with in more detail in this and the paper which follows. As previously, the principal goal is to achieve an internal homogeneity of terms and concepts applicable for the three intellectually delineated realms of biological, psychic and social interactions. Since biological interactions are physicochemical in nature, the concept proposed will cover such interactions. We state that with the conventional model of neutral external space and time, no such logical and conceptual homogeneity can be achieved. To address interactions on a social level, the topic of the present series of articles, we need to refer to the axiomatic assumption outlined before, in discerning potential from realised processes. These processes will be shown here as being “bulky”, “voluminous” and any process’ moment as being “filled” and thus different from an empty point in time. Because, at the same time, we conceptualise time as consisting of individual moments and not as a pre-set pseudo-spatial continuity, or dimension, our approach does not simply install an extended “dimensionality”, as in describing n-dimensional vectors. Instead, the non-spatial volumes interact via mutual enclosure and a coherently centred processing, what is hard to describe and even harder to imagine. We will therefore devote much attention to these particular forms of interaction of dynamic volumes. In this way, we will profit from a unified approach to interactions on all levels concerned in an internally consistent model of biopsychosocial interaction.

The Role of Participatory Design in Mobile Application Development

Mobile devices are used by people worldwide. It becomes a common equipment to complete a day-to-day activity. Inside the devices, there are numerous mobile applications that have been built for various needs. Some of these are quite successful while the other are not. The development of successful mobile application faces several challenges. In this research, we want to explore the use of participatory design method in mobile application development. Particularly, the aim of the study is to answer the question whether participatory design method has a place in the realm of mobile application development. We established two sessions of workshop to accommodate the participant to take part in the development process of mobile application. The result shows that participatory design method can determine how the user will deal with the limitations of mobile devices. It helps user to create a particular form of interaction that meets mobile devices characteristics.

Banal diasporic nationalism: Ghana@50 celebrations in Berlin

Although it has been highlighted by several authors that the notion of diaspora has become a politicized identity discourse, little is known about how it becomes a banal part of migrants’ everyday lives. Based on a theoretical understanding of banality, the article focuses on the interaction of the banal and the non-banal within this context of the fiftieth anniversary of Ghanaian independence in Berlin in 2007. It is argued that diasporic nationalist rituals are spaces of intersection between politicized and banal spheres of social life. By enacting and institutionalizing particular forms of interaction that are ‘banalizing’ dissent and conflict among migrants the examined series of public rituals contributed to give life-worldly relevance to the otherwise questionable and contested identity category of diaspora. In this sense, the primary product was not group formation but the banalization of diasporic nationalism as a category of identification.

Political communication on Facebook: A case study of the European parliament profile page for the elections 2009

This study examines the use of Facebook in political communication during the 2009 European Parliament elections campaign. Its goal is to explore the possibilities of the European Parliament communication strategy on Facebook as well as the interaction and participation of its online audiences. The analysis has discovered new concepts significant for the field of online political advertising, the specific campaign construction with its key themes and the particular form of interaction. The original contribution of this paper is seen in its efforts to reveal the campaign of the European Parliament on Facebook, which was not previously studied.

Editorial: Cross-Sector Social Interactions

Interactions across sectors have intensified in recentyears, particularly in the form of cross-sector socialpartnerships that span four broad arenas (Selsky andParker, 2005):(1) Nonprofit and business interactions (Austin,2000; Elkington and Fennell, 2000; Gala-skiewicz and Colman, 2006; Googins andRochlin, 2000; Gray, 1989; Hamann et al.,2008; Jamali and Keshishian, 2009; Kanter,1999; Le Ber and Branzei, 2009; Linder andRosenau, 2000; London et al., 2005; Mur-phy and Bendell, 1999; Muthuri, 2008;Rondinelli and London, 2003; Seitanidi andCrane, 2009; Stafford and Hartman, 2001;van Huijstee and Glasbergen, 2010; Wymerand Samu, 2003; Young, 1999).(2) Government and busin ess (Chettiparamb,2007; Dixon et al., 2004; Doh, 2003;Millimanand Grosskopf, 2004; Osborne and Gaebler,1992; Pongsiri, 2002;Rosenau,1999, 2000;Sullivan and Skeltcher 2002; Teegen and Doh,2003).(3) Government and nonprofit organizations(Brinkerhoff, 2002; Deakin, 2002; Farring-ton et al., 1993; Hodgson, 2004; Huxhamand Vangen, 1996; Lister, 2000).(4) Tripartite social interactions (Babiak andThibault, 2009; Glasbergen et al., 2007;Hardy, 1994; Nelson and Zadek, 2000;Waddell, 2000; Waddock, 1991; Warnerand Sullivan, 2004; Westley and Vreden-burg, 1997).In all their different constellations, organizationsfrom different economic sectors – public, nonprofit,and business – cooperate to address social issues byproviding society with ‘‘public goods’’ (Waddock,1988), such as clean water, clean air, environmentalprotection, health care, or education (Warner andSullivan, 2004) in different degrees. However, whena particular form of interaction grows more popular,its shortcomings often become more manifest,leading to greater criticisms (Seitanidi and Ryan,2007). For example, cross-sector social partnershipscan suffer from overreaching rhetorical claims thatpromise to deliver social goods (Reed and Reed,2009; Weaver et al., 1999), but instead comprisetransactional efforts that benefit only the partnerorganizations (Gray and Wood, 1991; Seitanidi,2010).Social partnerships and collaboration have cap-turedtheinterestoftheresearchcommunityforsometime.In1991,BarbaraGrayandDonnaWoodeditedtwo special issues (Collaborative Alliances: Movingfrom Practice to Theory) of the Journal of AppliedBehavioral Science that focused on processes of collab-oration and forms of collaborative alliances. Twentyyears later, with this special issue of the Journal ofBusiness Ethics, we re-visit the notion of collaborationbyaddressingtheinteractionsacrossorganizationsandsectors that focus on the level of interactions (micro,meso, macro; see next paragraph) that have thepotentialanalyticallytoofferaframeworkforcom-parisons across different frames of practice, organiza-tionalforms,industries,sectors,contexts,andprocesses,and reveal emergent patterns.The dynamic constellations of interactions havethe potential for impacts at micro (individual), meso(organisational), and macro (societal) levels of socialreality. In this way, the aim of this special issue is notto treat an individual organization as the sole cen-terpiece of theory (Gray and Wood, 1991) andinstead to focus on the interdependences associatedwith complex networks of relationships. Moreover,by investigating cross-sector social interactions acrossthe three levels of reality, the collection of articles in

A Novel Approach for Collaborative Pair Programming

Introduction Engineering education accreditation agencies of US, UK, Australia, Japan, and Singapore have transformed their accreditation process from the traditional resource-based approach to outcome-based approach. Competencies such as ability to apply knowledge, design skills, problem solving skills, technical competence, ability to work in multidisciplinary teams, communication skills, sensitivity towards global, societal, and environmental issues, sensitivity towards ethical and professional issues, and readiness for lifelong learning have been identified as necessary (Goel 2006a). Goel (2006b) has classified core engineering and general professional competencies with reference to the requirements of Indian IT industry. Problem solving ability has been rated as the pivotal skill. Nine critical competencies include a mix of engineering and general professional skills. These are analysis/methodological skills, basic engineering proficiency, development know-how, teamwork skills, English language skills, presentation skills, practical engineering experience, leadership skills, and communication skills. Consequently, it is mandatory that all courses in engineering curricula should consciously and directly contribute towards the development of these competencies. Today, organizations have offices in multiple locations with teams interacting across various geographical sites, sometimes even in different time zones. Big software projects are divided across locations, and people across different sites are expected to combine their individual works to complete the project work. Further, programmers need to develop the ability to comprehend the programs developed by others and also to write programs that can be easily comprehended by other programmers. Increasing dependence on large amounts of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) makes it even more crucial. However, a serious shortcoming of the typical undergraduate engineering education process is neglecting to train students to work with other programmers. Usually in a four-year engineering course, collaborative effort and teamwork is done only in the later years, i.e., in the third and fourth year. Even then the collaboration is driven more by division of labor due to size rather than complexity. Many a times, the assignment or project is designed after forming the groups in the classroom, when the teacher knows the strength of a particular group. Such approaches do not necessarily develop teamwork skills. Researchers have felt the need for a way to facilitate students to work together with clearly defined boundaries (Cliburn, 2003). Collaborative learning focuses on the role of peer work for educational success. Vygotsky in his seminal social development theory proposed that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development (Goldfarb, 2001). One of key assumptions of Brunner's model of constructivist learning is a social enterprise (Driscoll, 2004). Pask's Conversation theory is founded on the idea that learning occurs through conversations with instructors or peers (Kutay, 2005). As per the social learning theory of Bandura, gaining insights into others' practices can be a valuable experience (Ladyshewsky & Ryan, 2002). Incorporating social learning theory into their experiment, these authors report that peer coaching provided the learners the benefits of enhanced knowledge, cognition, and metacognition. Lave and Wenger (1991) proposed situated learning theory on the central idea that learning involves a process of engagement in a 'community of practice.' From the perspective of this theory, learning is not seen as the acquisition of knowledge by individuals, but as a process of social participation (Smith, 2007). Dillenbourg (1999) elaborated on collaborative learning as follows: ... a situation in which particular forms of interaction among people are expected to occur, which would trigger learning mechanisms, but there is no guarantee that the expected interactions will actually occur. …

Sukob procesa socijalizacije i individuacije

Within the process of acquiring of knowledge the individual enters into relations with material and social environment. In this contact, the new knowledge is acquired and the relations to existing social environment and regime are built. From Emile Durkheim till today, socialization is understood as acquaintance with and acceptance of existing social norms and values by individual within socially acceptable and desirable behavior. Complex process of socialization cannot be reduced to the external influences and acceptance of stalemate stereotypes, yet presupposes authentic psychosocial development of individual. In this way, the very notion of adaptation is disputable since requires semantic and reconstruction in terminology. Socialization is particular form of interaction, which shapes the nature of individual, human behavior, interaction and social participation. Without socialization, there would be neither humans nor society.

Placing social interaction: An integrative approach to analyzing past built environments

A growing recognition of the vital role that built space plays in social reproduction has created a need for analytical methods and interpretive frameworks with which to investigate this relationship in archaeological datasets. I address this by developing an integrative approach that emphasizes the role of the built environment as the context for interactions through which social structures are created, transformed and reproduced. This approach uses access analysis to examine how buildings structure patterns of movement and encounter that allow social actors to engage in or avoid particular forms of interaction. With its focus on the topological properties of built space, however, access analysis does not take adequate account of a building’s symbolic aspects, especially architectural characteristics and furnishings that social actors mobilize in the creation of meaningful contexts for interaction. I therefore integrate access analysis with an examination of how built environments encode meanings and nonverbally communicate them to inhabitants and visitors, potentially influencing their actions and interactions. The integrative approach allows determination of probable contexts for various types of social interactions during which social identities could be displayed, negotiated and reified. I conclude by demonstrating the potential of this approach with an analysis of the monumental Ashlar Building from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1650–1100 BC) site of Enkomi, Cyprus.

What if it Didn’t All Begin and End with Containment? Toward a Leaky Sense of Self

In Esther Bick’s psychoanalytic theory, the infant’s relation to the world is mediated by the skin’s capacity to serve as a container for experience. As the infant develops, containment increasingly expresses cohesion of self, as fostered by the continued interaction with the caretaker. Through an emphasis on particular forms of interaction — forms that specifically involve skin-to-skin touch — an infant is given the receptacle necessary for eventual interactive self-sufficiency. But what if the skin were not a container? What if the skin were not a limit at which self begins and ends? What if the skin were a porous, topological surfacing of myriad potential strata that field the relation between different milieus, each of them a multiplicity of insides and outsides? This article explores these questions through Daniel Stern’s account of infancy.

Improvisational coactions and the growth of collective mathematical understanding

In this paper we consider the phenomenon of the growth of collective mathematical understanding and explore its dependence on the particular way that a group of learners work together collaboratively. We label this group process as improvisational coaction. In an earlier paper (Martin, Towers and Pirie, 2006) we drew on the theoretical work of Becker (2000), Sawyer (2001, 2003, 2004), and Berliner (1994) in improvisational jazz and theatre, to characterise the growth of collective mathematical understanding as a creative and emergent improvisational process. Here, we extend that conceptual analysis to a yet-finer grain to explore one element of that framework, improvisational coaction, and its relationship to the growth of mathematical understanding at the level of the group. In particular we identify improvisational coaction as a particular form of interaction, and through using data extracts we derive four characteristics of the phenomenon and consider how these occasion the growth of collective mathematical understanding.

Public Deliberation as the Organizing Principle of Political Communication Research

During the past fifteen years, public deliberation has become an important focus of research, theory, and public practice. This has sometimes led to a variety of narrow conceptualizations that limit deliberation to particular forms of interaction, such as small group discussion, or to divergent conceptualizations deployed in different contexts, such as for media systems versus face-to-face discussions. To address this problem, we advance a flexible yet precise definition of deliberation that has the power to organize not only deliberation theory and research but also much of the larger body of work in political communication. As defined herein, deliberation includes both analytic and social processes and provides a unifying conceptual and critical framework for studying nearly the full range of political communication topics, including informal conversation, media and public opinion, elections, government institutional behavior, jury decision making, public meetings, and civic and community life. Using our flexible conceptualization, each of these research contexts amounts to a kind of deliberative critique and empirical analysis of public life.

Pedagogy embedded in educational software design: report of a case study

Most educational software is designed to foster students' learning outcomes but with little consideration of the teaching framework in which it will be used. This paper presents a significantly different model of educational software that was derived from a case study of two teachers participating in a software design process. It shows the relationship between particular elements of the teachers' pedagogy and the characteristics of the software design. In this model, the ‘classroom atmosphere’ is embedded in the human–computer interface scenarios and elements, the ‘teaching strategy’ in the design of the browsing strategies of the software, and the ‘learning strategy’ in the particular forms of interaction with the software. The model demonstrates significant links between the study of Pedagogy and the study of Information Technology in Education and has implications for the relationship between these two areas of research and consequently for teacher training. The model proposes a perspective on educational software design that takes into consideration not only learning theories, but also teaching theories and practice.

Spin-one Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations and intermediate-energy deuteron-nucleus scattering.

We present a description of the spin-one Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations. An effective second-order equation is obtained for various types of interactions. An argument is given for the use of one particular form of interaction for deuteron-nucleus scattering. This provides the basis for a generalization of the standard Watanabe model in which Dirac scalar and vector nucleon-nucleus potentials are used as input. Parameter-free calculations are performed using both phenomenological and microscopic nucleon-nucleus potentials, and results are compared with deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering data at 400 and 700 MeV. Qualitative agreement is generally obtained. A good description of the forward-angle vector analyzing power data is achieved.

The problematic practices of “feminism”: An interpretive and critical analysis

“Feminism”; is “constructed”; in several ways, some of which are internally conflicted and all of which produce coordination problems when a “feminist”; interacts with a “nonfeminist”; man or woman. Three commonly encountered types of interactions are identified: Sexist patterns; unwanted repetitive patterns; and asymmetrically coherent patterns. The “problematic”; for this study is to explain why these patterns recur and to critique them. Using concepts from the theory of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, we describe four of the ways in which “feminism”; is constructed, and show how these constructs lead to particular forms of interaction. This description goes beyond the knowledge of individual participants in the interaction, and thus provides a basis for critique.

Solutions to the cost-of-selection dilemma.

There are various biologically realistic ways around the cost-of-selection restriction on rapid multiple-gene substitution. Some of these ways depend upon particular forms of interaction or linkage in the genes undergoing substitution; other ways depend on particular conditions of population size and structure. The special genotypic and populational conditions required for rapid evolutionary change in genetically complex characters are not unusual in higher organisms.

Newton's views on aether and gravitation

In the Principia [1] Newton presented the theory of gravitation from the point of view which we nowadays call " phenomenological " : he based the whole description of planetary motions on an assumed law of dynamical interaction, and deliberately renounced any attempt at accounting for this particular form of interaction between distant bodies by some mechanism of propagation through an intervening medium. This approach was such an innovation that it was thoroughly misunderstood even by the greatest of the contemporary physicists; Huygens in particular objected to it without apparently realizing that he was himself currently using the same logical procedure in his mechanical investigations, when he justified his postulates by pointing to their empirical origin. Newton was at great pains to dispel the mistaken suspicion that he regarded gravitation as an intrinsic quality of matter. His first opportunity to do so was his correspondence with Bentley [2], but in the final scholium of the second edition of the Principia [3] he is more explicit about the novelty of his method and more outspoken about his failure to find in the known properties of gravitation any sure clue to its "cause". He makes quite clear the deep-lying reason for his dissatisfaction about mechanical explanations of gravitation: to be acceptable according to the exacting criteria of his experimental philosophy, such an explanation ought to be related in a unique way to the phenomena otherwise it is an "hypothesis" of the kind he does not want to "feign". The last paragraph of the scholium, then, in which he alludes to his conception of a universal aether whose multiple functions as the agency of the most varied phenomena he carefully enumerates, can only be intended to intimate that he regards the mechanical causes of these phenomena as more securely founded, or at least less hypothetical, than that of gravitation. Indeed, the problem of the cause of gravity was of quite a different order of difficulty from the other processes he considered : in the latter, such as the action of gross matter upon the properties of light, one is concerned with immediate, short-range, interactions which easily fit into the generally accepted cartesian framework of mechanical explanation ; the phenomena of gravitation, by contrast, had been extended by Newton himself to the grand scale of the universe : there was here not only a peculiar interaction between aether and matter at play, but a dynamical process within the aether itself had to account for the transmission of a force of unlimited range. This singular position of the gravitation problem is strikingly reflected in the evidence we have of Newton's imaginative attempts at an all-embracing description of the aether's workings : while in these successive formulations he hardly varied in the conception of the short-range interactions between aether and matter responsible for all other effects, the mechanisms he proposed for explaining gravitation exhibit considerable and significant differences.

The Dependence of Nuclear Forces on Velocity

It is shown that the Majorana force may be considered as a special case of a neutron-proton interaction dependent on velocity and angular momentum. Any interaction of this more general form, which is non-Wignerian, and represents attraction, accounts for the saturation properties of nuclear binding in the same way as do the Heisenberg and Majorana potentials. An analysis of the binding in heavy nuclei in terms of angular momentum is given on the basis of the Fermi-Thomas statistical model. An illustration is given showing that the assumption of velocity dependent forces is also consistent with the properties of light nuclei: a particular form of interaction, containing two parameters, is found to give results much the same as those of the ordinary Majorana theory. Finally, the most general dependence of two-particle forces on spin, separation, and velocity, consistent with the conservation laws, is determined, and it is pointed out that experiments on the scattering of fast neutrons in hydrogen are capable of deciding between Majorana forces and a more general form of velocity dependence.